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HARVARD    COMMEMORATION. 


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FAC-SIMI LE 

OF    THE    EARLIEST    EXISTING     RECORD    OF    THE    COLLEGE. 


1636.  HAKVARD  UNIVERSITY.  1886. 


A 

RECORD  OF  THE  COMMEMORATION, 

NOVEMBER  FIFTH  TO  EIGHTH,  1886, 


ON   THE 


f^umrcefc  ann  ^Jfiftiety 


OF   THE 


FOUNDING  OF  HARVARD  COLLEGE. 


CAMBRIDGE,   N.E.: 
JOHN    WILSON    AND    SON. 

:$)rfss. 
1887. 


The  Court  agree  to  give  Four  Hundred  pounds  towards  a 
School  or  College,  whereof  two  hundred  pounds  shall  be  paid  the 
next  year,  and  two  hundred  pounds  when  the  work  is  finished,  and 
the  next  Court  to  appoint  where  and  what  building.  —  RECORDS 
OP  A  GENERAL  COURT  OF  THE  COLONY  OF  MASSACHUSETTS  BAY, 
October  28,  1636,  0.  S.  (Nov.  7,  N.  £). 


November  15,  1886.  —  Voted,  That  Mr.  WINSOR,  the  Librarian 
of  the  University,  be  requested  to  edit  for  the  University  a  volume 
containing  a  full  account  of  the  Proceedings  at  the  Two  Hundred 
and  Fiftieth  Anniversary  of  the  Founding  of  Harvard  College.  — 
RECORDS  OF  THE  PRESIDENT  AND  FELLOWS. 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

THE  PREPARATION 11 

OFFICERS  OF  THE  ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION 12 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 13 

FINANCE  COMMITTEE 14 

CIRCULAR,  SEPT.  1, 1886 15 

COMMITTEE  ON  Music 17 

ANNIVERSARY  CHORUS 17 

GENERAL  INFORMATION  FURNISHED 19 

LAW  DAY  (Friday) 16 

PREPARATIONS 55 

COMMITTEES 56 

LAW  SCHOOL  ASSOCIATION 57 

ITS  OFFICERS 58 

COMMITTEE  OF  ARRANGEMENTS 59 

EXERCISES  IN  SANDERS  THEATRE 60 

President  Carter's  Address       60 

Judge  Holmes's  Oration 65 

• 

THE  DINNER 79 

Addresses  by  — 

President  Carter 79 

Professor  Langdell 84 

Hon.  Samuel  E.  Sewall 89 

Hon.  Thomas  M.  Cooley 92 

President  Eliot 96 

General  Alexander  R.  Lawton 99 

Hon.  George  0.  Shattuck 105 

Mr.  Frank  W.  Hackett 107 

Professor  John  C.  Gray 110 

Hon.  E.  R.  Hoar 112 

REGISTRATION  OF  MEMBERS  .    .                  .             .  115 


8  CONTENTS. 

PAOB 

UNDERGRADUATES'  DAY  (Saturday) 19 

BOAT  RACE , 21 

SERVICES  IN  SANDERS  THEATRE 21 

Oration  by  F.  E.  E.  Hamilton 123 

Poem  by  F.  S.  Palmer 132 

Address  by  E.  J.  Rich 135 

Ode  by  L.  McK.  Garrison 145 

FOOT-BALL  GAME 21 

RECEPTION  BY  PRESIDENT  ELIOT 22 

Congratulations  of  Cambridge  University 22 

"              of  Emmanuel  College 23 

"              of  the  University  of  Edinburgh      ....  24 

"              of  the  University  of  Heidelberg 26 

REUNION  OF  GRADUATES  OF  THE  LAWRENCE  SCIENTIFIC  SCHOOL  26 

FOUNDATION  DAY  (Sunday) 30 

MORNING  SERVICE 31 

Sermon  by  F.  G.  Peabody 149 

SYMPHONY  CONCERT 30, 31 

EVENING  SERVICE 31 

Sermon  by  Phillips  Brooks 171 

LIST  OF  USHERS 32 

ALUMNI  DAY  (Monday) 32 

PROCESSION 33 

RECEPTION  OF  PRESIDENT  CLEVELAND 34 

EXERCISES  IN  SANDERS  THEATRE 35 

President  Devens's  Address 193 

Professor  Lowell's  Oration 194 

Dr.  Holmes's  Poem 237 

Conferring  of  Honorary  Degrees 38 

DINNER  IN  MEMORIAL  HALL 41 

President  Devens's  Address 250 

Speeches  by  — 

President  Eliot 261 

Governor  Robinson 263 

President  Cleveland 267 

Hon.  Robert  C.  Winthrop 271 

Professor  Mandell  Creighton 276 


CONTENTS.  9 

PAGE 

Dr.  Charles  Taylor 280 

Eight  Hon.  Sir  Lyon  Playfair 282 

President  Timothy  Dwight 285 

President  James  B.  Angell 289 

Francis  R.  Rives 293 

Senator  Hoar 295 

Professor  Lowell 300 

Dr.  Holmes 302 

Professor  Gildersleeve 304 

(Letter  of  Dr.  R.  D.  Hitchcock) 304 

George  William  Curtis 309 

Alexander  Agassiz 313 

Dr.  Wier  Mitchell      .     .     .     • 315 

Professor  J.  B.  Thayer 319 

SERVICES  OF  THE  CHIEF  MARSHAL  AND  HIS  ASSISTANTS 43 

LIST  OF  MARSHALS 44 

SERVICES    OF   THE    SECRETARIES,    THE    FINANCE    COMMITTEE,    THE 

BURSAR  AND  OTHERS 44 

RECEPTION  IN  HEMENWAY  GYMNASIUM .  45 

TOBCHLIGHT  PROCESSION  AND  FlREWORKS 46 

ENTERTAINMENT  OF  INVITED  GUESTS 48 

EXHIBITION  OF  RELICS 50 

OLDEST  GRADUATES 51 

REGISTRATION  OF  GRADUATES,  NON-GRADUATE  OFFICERS,  AND  GUESTS  327 


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SKETCH  OF  THE  COMMEMORATION. 


preparation  anU  proceedings. 


IN  March,  1886,  the  Directors  of  the  Association  of  the 
Alumni  chose  Col.  HENRY  LEE  Chief  Marshal  of  a  cele- 
bration to  be  held  in  commemoration  of  the  founding  of 
the  College.  The  arranging  for  the  jubilee  fell  in  the  first 
instance  into  his  hands,  in  connection  with  the  Executive 
Committee  of  the  Association.  A  General  Committee  of 
Arrangements  was  then  appointed  to  co-operate  with  the 
Executive  Committee,  including  representatives  of  each  Class 
from  1817  to  1886.  Of  this  Committee  Mr.  HENRY  B.  ROGERS, 
of  the  Class  of  1822,  was  made  Chairman  ;  and  the  Secre- 
taries were  Mr.  HENRY  PARKMAN,  of  the  Class  of  1870,  and 
Mr.  JOSIAH  QUINCY,  of  the  Class  of  1880.  Mr.  Rogers  re- 
signing the  chairmanship,  Mr.  WILLIAM  GRAY,  of  the  Class 
of  1829,  was  later  chosen  in  his  place. 

In  considering  the  question  of  the  number  likely  to  attend, 
it  was  found  that  there  were  4,600  living  graduates  of  the 
College  proper  alone  ;  and  of  these  there  were  1,833  who 
had  graduated  within  ten  years  ;  2,474,  within  fifteen  years  ; 
and  2,974,  within  twenty  years.  So  that  it  appeared  that 
almost  two  thirds  of  the  whole  number  of  Alumni  had  left 
College  within  twenty  years,  a  large  part  of  whom  might  be 
expected  to  come  to  Cambridge.  There  were  also  about 
1,000  undergraduates  who  would  be  on  the  spot. 


12 


SKETCH  OF  THE  COMMEMORATION. 


On  May  22  the  Committee  of  Arrangements  chose  an  Ex- 
ecutive Committee  of  nine.  Col.  Henry  Lee,  the  Chief  Mar- 
shal, was  at  a  later  day  made  its  Chairman,  —  when  also  the 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  of  Arrangements,  Mr.  Gray,  and 
the  President  of  the  College  were  added  to  this  Committee. 

The  officers  and  committees  of  the  Alumni  who  served 
during  the  celebration  were  accordingly  as  follows  :  — 

OFFICERS  OF  THE  ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION. 

President. 
CHARLES  DEVENS. 


Directors. 


SAMUEL  A.  GREEN. 
THEODORE  LYMAN. 
HENRY  S.  RUSSELL. 


ARTHUR  LINCOLN. 
FRANCIS  M.  WELD. 
JOHN  D.  WASHBURN. 


JAMES  B.   THAYER. 

Treasurer. 
S.  LOTHROP  THORNDIKE. 

Secretary. 
HENRY  PARKMAN. 


Committee 

1817. 

GEORGE  BANCROFT. 

1818. 

SIDNEY  BARTLETT. 

1820. 

WILLIAM  H.  FURNESS. 

1821. 

EDWARD  G.  LORING. 

1822. 

HENRY  B.  ROGERS. 

1823. 

WILLIAM  AMORY. 

1824. 

A.  B.  MUZZEY. 

1825. 

FREDERIC  H.  HEDGE. 

1826. 

ANDREW  P.  PEABODY. 

1827. 

EPES  S.  DIXWELL. 

1828. 

ROBERT  C.  WINTHROP. 

1829. 

WILLIAM  GRAY. 

1830. 

JOHN  O.  SARGENT. 

of  Arrangements. 

1831.  GEORGE  C.  SHATTUCK. 

1832.  HENRY  WHEATLAND. 

1833.  MORRILL  WYMAN. 

1834.  SAMUEL  M.  FELTON. 

1835.  EBENEZER  R.  HOAR. 

1836.  HENRY  LEE. 

1837.  CHARLES  THEODORE  RUSSELL. 

1838.  CHARLES  DEVENS. 

1839.  SAMUEL  ELIOT. 

1840.  WILLIAM  G.  RUSSELL. 

1841.  THOMAS  W.  HIGGINSON. 

1842.  THORNTON  K.  WARE. 

1843.  JOHN  LOWELL. 


SKETCH  OF   THE  COMMEMORATION. 


13 


1844.  LEVERETT  SALTONSTALL. 

18-45.  MANNING  F.  FORCE. 

]  846.  GEORGE  F.  HOAK. 

1847.  WILLIAM  C.  ENDICOTT. 

1848.  THOMAS  CHASE. 

1849.  CHARLES  R.  CODMAN. 

1850.  JOSEPH  H.  THAYER. 

1851.  GEORGE  O.  SHATTUCK. 

1852.  WILLIAM  G.  CHOATE. 

1853.  ARTHUR  T.  LYMAN. 

1854.  EDWARD  D.  HAYDEN. 

1855.  ALEXANDER  AGASSIZ. 

1856.  CHARLES  FRANCIS  ADAMS,  Jr. 

1857.  JOHN  C.  ROPES. 

1858.  EDWARD  G.  PORTER. 

1859.  JOHN  C.  GRAY. 

1860.  EDMUND  WETMORE. 

1861.  HENRY  P.  BOWDITCH. 

1862.  CHARLES  C.  SOULE. 
1S63.  CHARLES  C.  JACKSON. 

1864.  ROBERT  T.  LINCOLN. 

1865.  CHARLES  W.  CLIFFORD. 


1866.  EDWARD  W.  EMERSON. 

1867.  EDWARD  J.  LOWELL. 

1868.  LEVERETT  S.  TUCKERMAN. 

1869.  HENRY  W.  PUTNAM. 

1870.  ROGER  WOLCOTT. 

1871.  CHARLES  J.  BONAPARTE. 

1872.  JOHN  F.  ANDREW. 

1873.  ROBERT  GRANT. 

1874.  RICHARD  H.  DANA. 

1875.  AUGUSTUS  HEMENWAY. 

1876.  GEORGE  WALTON  GREEN. 

1877.  WILLIAM  FARNSWORTH. 

1878.  AUGUSTUS  P.  LORING. 

1879.  I.  TUCKER  BURR. 

1880.  JOSIAH  QUINCY. 

1881.  EDW.  D.  BRANDEGEE. 

1882.  EVERT  J.  WENDELL. 

1883.  CHARLES  P.  CURTIS,  Jr. 

1884.  T.  JEFFERSON  COOLIDGE,  Jr. 

1885.  JAMES  J.  STORROW,  Jr. 

1886.  WALTER  PHILLIPS. 


NOTE.  —  The  first  appointments  for  the  Classes  of  1825  and  1835  were  S.  K. 
Lothrop  and  Amos  A.  Lawrence  ;  but  those  gentlemen  died  before  the  celebration 
took  place.  For  the  Class  of  1848  the  name  of  Henry  Saltonstall  was  substituted 
for  that  of  Mr.  Chase,  who  chanced  to  be  in  Europe. 


EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE. 

CHARLES  DEVENS President  of  the  Alumni  Association. 

CHARLES  W.  ELIOT President  of  the  University. 

WILLIAM  GRAY Chairman  Committee  of  Arrangements. 

HENRY  LEE.  EDWARD  G.  PORTER. 

SAMUEL  ELIOT.  ARTHUR  LINCOLN. 

JOHN  C.  ROPES.  HENRY  W.  PUTNAM. 

JAMES  J.  STORROW,  Jr. 

HENRY  PARKMAN,  JOSIAH  QUINCY     .    .    Secretaries. 
HENRY  LEE Chief  Marshal. 


NOTE.  —  In  the  absence  of  President  Devens,  the  Chief  Marshal  acted  as 
Chairman. 


14  SKETCH  OF  THE  COMMEMORATION. 

In  June  it  was  decided  to  extend  the  celebration  over 
three  days,  November  6,  7,  and  8 ;  to  invite  Professor  JAMES 
RUSSELL  LOWELL  to  deliver  an  address,  and  Dr.  OLIVER 
WENDELL  HOLMES  to  read  a  poem.  It  was  also  determined 
to  make  the  President  of  the  Association  of  Alumni  the 
presiding  officer  of  the  third  or  Alumni  day,  and  that  invita- 
tions to  guests  be  sent  out  in  the  name  of  that  Association, 
and  by  the  President  of  that  Association  and  the  Chief 
Marshal,  after  consultation  with  the  President  of  the  College. 
The  students  of  the  College,  at  the  request  of  the  Executive 
Committee  of  the  Alumni  Association,  prepared  to  participate 
in  the  celebration  by  the  appointment  of  the  following  com- 
mittees of  the  three  higher  classes  :  — 

Class  0/1887.  Class  0/1888.          CVa**o/1889. 

F.  L.  SNELLING.  M.  H.  CLYDE.  G.  T.  KETES. 

F.  E.  E.  HAMILTON.  C.  F.  ADAMS,  3d.  T.  WOODBURY. 

F.  S.  COOLIDGE.  F.  B.  LUND. 

Other  details  were  arranged,  and  then,  June  19,  the  Executive 
Committee  of  the  General  Committee  of  Arrangements  was 
empowered  to  carry  out  the  plans  proposed.  A  Finance  Com- 
mittee was  appointed  to  provide  the  means,  which  Committee 
consisted  of  the  following  members :  — 

JUDGE  JOHN  LOWELL,  Chairman. 

AMOS  A.  LAWRENCE.  CHARLES  C.  JACKSON. 

GEORGE  0.  SHATTUCK.  ROGER  WOLCOTT. 

ALEXANDER  AGASSIZ.  CHARLES  J.  BONAPARTE,  Baltimore. 
MATTHEW  F.  FORCE,  Cincinnati.          JOHN  F.  ANDREW. 

ARTHUR  T.  LYMAN.  AUGUSTUS  HEMENWAY. 

ROBERT  T.  LINCOLN,  Chicago.  G.  W.  GREEN,  New  York. 

FRANCIS  M.  WELD,  New  York.  WILLIAM  FARNSWORTH. 

During  July  and  August  the  committee  were  arranging 
details,  and  on  September  1  the  following  circular  was  sent 
to  every  Alumnus  whose  address  could  be  obtained :  — 


SKETCH  OF  THE  COMMEMORATION.  15 

CAMBRIDGE,  MASSACHUSETTS,  September  1,  1886. 

The  Two  Hundred  and  Fiftieth  Anniversary  of  the  Founda- 
tion of  Harvard  University  will  be  celebrated  on  the  6th,  7th, 
and  8th  days  of  November  next. 

On  Saturday  the  6th,  Undergraduates'  Day,  the  Students  of 
the  University  will  celebrate  the  event  by  Literary  Exercises  in 
the  morning,  Athletic  Sports  in  the  afternoon,  and  a  Torchlight 
Procession  in  the  evening. 

On  Sunday  the  7th,  Foundation  Day,  the  anniversary  of  the 
passage  by  the  General  Court  of  the  Colony  of  Massachusetts 
Bay  of  the  memorable  vote  — 

"  The  Court  agree  to  give  Four  Hundred  Pounds  towards  a  School  or 
College,  whereof  Two  Hundred  Pounds  shall  be  paid  the  next  year,  and 
Two  Hundred  Pounds  when  the  work  is  finished,  and  the  next  Court  to 
appoint  where  and  what  building,"  — 

there  will  be  Commemorative  Exercises,  under  the  direction  of 
the  College  authorities,  in  Appleton  Chapel,  conducted  in  the 
morning  by  the  Plummer  Professor,  Rev.  FRANCIS  G.  PEABODY, 
and  in  the  evening  by  the  Rev.  PHILLIPS  BROOKS.  On  this  day 
clerical  graduates  of  the  University  are  requested  to  refer,  in 
their  pulpits,  if  the  circumstances  permit,  to  this  act  of  the  in- 
fant colony  and  the  benefits  which  have  followed  from  it. 

On  Monday,  November  the  8th,  Alumni  Day,  the  graduates  of 
all  Departments  of  the  University  and  guests  will  meet  in  Massa- 
chusetts Hall,  at  10  A.M.,  and  proceed  thence  to  Sanders  Theatre, 
under  escort  of  the  undergraduates,  where  an  address  will  be 
made  by  JAMES  RUSSELL  LOWELL,  LL.D.,  and  a  poem  delivered 
by  OLIVER  WENDELL  HOLMES,  LL.D.,  and  honorary  degrees  will 
be  conferred  by  the  University. 

In  the  afternoon,  the  Association  of  the  Alumni,  composed  of 
all  graduates  of  the  College,  with  their  invited  guests,  will  have 
a  collation  in  Memorial  Hall. 

It  is  suggested  that  the  members  of  Harvard  Clubs  in  the 
various  cities  of  the  United  States  who  are  unable  to  attend  the 
celebration  at  Cambridge  should  commemorate  the  day. 

Tickets  for  the  collation  in  Memorial  Hall,  at  two  dollars 
apiece,  will  be  for  sale  on  and  after  Tuesday,  November  2,  to 
graduates  of  the  College,  holders  of  honorary  degrees  from  the 
University,  and  members  of  the  Faculties  of  the  Professional 


16  SKETCH  OF  THE  COMMEMORATION. 

Schools  and  of  the  College,  and  may  be  obtained  either  on  perso- 
nal application  or  by  letter.  No  tickets  will  be  reserved  unless 
the  price  accompanies  the  order;  and  tickets  ordered  by  letter 
will  not  be  sent  by  mail,  but  will  be  reserved  to  be  called  for 
until  half-past  one  P.M.,  on  Monday,  November  8. 

For  the  exercises  on  Monday  morning  in  Sanders  Theatre, 
the  gallery,  containing  four  hundred  seats,  will  be  reserved  for 
ladies,  and  tickets  at  two  dollars  apiece  can  be  obtained  by  grad- 
uates of  the  University  in  the  same  manner  as  tickets  for  the 
collation  are  obtained  by  graduates  of  the  College  ;  but  not  more 
than  two  tickets  will  be  sold  to  any  one  Alumnus. 

Address,  for  tickets  for  ladies  and  for  the  collation,  ALLEN 
DANFOKTH,  Bursar,  Cambridge,  Mass.  Office  hours,  9  A.M.  to 

•1  P.M. 

It  was  found  necessary  in  carrying  out  the  purpose  of  the 
committee  in  respect  to  tickets  to  prescribe  some  rules  not 
included  in  this  circular,  —  among  which  was  to  allow  hold- 
ers of  honorary  degrees  the  same  rights  as  graduates  in  all 
cases,  and  to  dispense  with  a  charge  for  Sanders  Theatre 
tickets  for  ladies,  substituting  therefor  an  assignment  by 
lot,  after  some  necessary  reservations. 

Later  in  September  a  movement  was  completed  among  the 
past  members  of  the  Law  School  which  resulted  in  a  deter- 
mination to  devote  a  fourth  day,  preceding  the  three  days 
already  designated,  to  a  commemoration  in  connection  with 
the  law  department  of  the  University.  The  expected  cere- 
monies were  satisfactorily  carried  out  on  Friday  the  5th,  as 
described  on  a  later  page ;  and  as  they  were  not  an  integral 
part  of  the  celebration  as  planned  by  the  Alumni  of  the  Col- 
lege, further  mention  of  it  is  omitted  here. 

On  October  13,  it  was  determined  by  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee of  the  Alumni  to  put  the  direction  of  the  music  for 
Alumni  Day  in  the  hands  of  the  Chief  Marshal ;  and  in  order 
to  provide  music  for  other  days,  a  committee  was  appointed 
who  organized  the  Anniversary  Chorus. 


SKETCH  OF  THE  COMMEMORATION. 


17 


COMMITTEE  ON  MUSIC. 


HENRY  LEE  HIGGINSON,  Chairman.   ARTHUR  FOOTE. 


JOHN  KNOWLES  PAINE. 
GEORGE  LAURIE  OSGOOD. 
WARREN  ANDREW  LOCKE. 


SIGOURNEY  BUTLER. 

SAMUEL  ATKINS  ELIOT,  Secretary. 

EUGENE  RODMAN  SHIPPEN. 


ANNIVERSARY  CHORUS. 


First  Tenors. 


1858.  JOHN  HOMANS,  M.D.  1879. 

1859.  DANIEL  FRANCIS  FITZ.  1882. 
1859.  SAMUEL  WOODS  LANGMAID,  M.D.  1883. 
1864.  RUSSELL  NEVINS  BELLOWS,  A.M.  1883. 
1864.  JONATHAN  DOKE,  A.M.  1883. 

1864.  CHARLES  COOLIDGE  READ,  LL.B.  1885. 

1865.  HORATIO  GREENOUGH  CURTIS.  1886. 

1866.  GEORGE  LAURIE  OSGOOD.  1887. 
1869.  EDWARD  BOWDITCH.  1887. 
1869.  NATHANIEL  CHILDS.  1388. 

1871.  FRANCIS  JACKSON.  1889. 

1872.  EDWARD  GRAY.  1889. 

1873.  ROBERT  WHEELER  WILLSON.  1889. 

1874.  ARTHUR  LITHGOW  DEVENS.  1890. 

1875.  HENRY  WHITE  BROUGHTON,  M.D. 


STEPHEN  BLAKE  WOOD. 
JAMES  EDWARD  WELD,  LL.B. 
EDWARD  TWISLETON  CABOT. 
PERCIVAL  JAMES  EATON. 
HOWARD  LILIENTHAL. 
CHARLES  CARROLL  KING. 
JOHNSTON  MORTON. 
BYRON  SATTERLEE  HURLBURT. 
EMERY  HERMAN  ROGERS. 
FRED  BATES  LUND. 
GARDNER  CUTTING  BULLARD. 
HORACE  DELANO  EVERETT. 
JOHN  DOUGLAS  MERRILL. 
LUTHER  DAVIS. 


Second  Tenors. 


1858.  CHARLES  HENRY  LEAROYD,  A.M. 

1859.  JAMES  SCHOULER. 

1860.  STEPHEN  WILLIAM  DRIVER,  M.D. 
I860.  HENRY  GEORGE  SPAULDING. 
1862.  CHARLES  BURNHAM  PORTER,  M.D. 

1862.  CHARLES  PICKARD  WARE. 

1863.  FRANCIS  ALEXANDER  MARDEN. 

1866.  WILLIAM  PAINE  BLAKE,  LL.B. 

1867.  CLEMENT  KELSEY  FAY. 

1867.  FRANCIS  HENRY  LINCOLN. 

1868.  FRANK  IZARD  EUSTIS,  A.M. 


1869.  FRANCIS  GREENWOOD  PEABODY,  A.M. 
1871.  FRANCIS  MERRIAM. 

1871.  GEORGE  RICHARDS  MINOT. 

1872.  PHILIP  SIDNEY  STONE. 

1875.  VINCENT  YARDLEY  BOWDITCH,  M.D. 
1877.  SIGOURNEY  BUTLER. 

1880.  ROBERT  BACON. 

1881.  MORRIS  HICKY  MORGAN. 
18S2.  JAMES  WILLIAMS  BOWEN. 

1882.  GUSTAVUS  TUCKERMAN. 

1883.  JOSEPH  DORR. 


18 


SKETCH  OF  THE  COMMEMORATION. 


1883.  CHARLES  WALTER  GEROULD. 

1883.  WILLIAM  DUNNING  SULLIVAN. 

1884.  SAMUEL  ATKINS  ELIOT. 

1885.  EDWIN  HOWARD. 

1885.  WILLIAM  WARREN  WINSLOW. 

1886.  WALTER  HOWARD  EDGERLY. 
1886.  CHARLES  HENRY  MINOT. 


1887.  GEORGE  AUSTIN  MORRISON. 

1887.  FREDERIC  SHURTLEFF  COOLIDGE. 

1888.  FRANKLIN  GREENE  BALCH. 
1888.  HENRY  LOWELL  MASON. 

1888.  CHARLES  TILDEN  SEMPERS. 

1889.  RICHARD  CLARKE  CABOT. 
1839.  DANIEL  HARRT  CLARK. 


First  Bass. 

1857.  EZRA  DYER.  1880. 

1858.  JAMES  AUGUSTUS  RUMRILL.  1880. 
1860.  HORACE  JOHN  HAYDEN,  A.M.  1883. 
1864.  MARSHALL  MUNROE  CUTTER.  1883. 
1863.  ROBERT  APTHORP  BOIT.  1884. 

1871.  THEODORE  SUTRO,  LL.B.  1884. 

1872.  ALBERT  LAMB  LINCOLN,  LL.B.  1885. 
1874.  JOHN  WOODFORD  FARLOW,  M.D.  1886. 
1874.  WILLIAM  PEARSON  WARNER.  1886. 
1876-  EMOR  HERBERT  HARDING,  LL.B.  1837. 

1877.  MORRIS  GRAY,  LL.B.  1887. 

1878.  Louis  BAILEY  DEAN.  1888. 

1879.  ALVAH  CROCKER.  1888. 
1879.  Louis  BRANCH  HARDING. 


FRANCIS  BOWLER  KEENE. 
FREDERIC  BOUND  HALL. 
MARSHALL  HENRY  GUSHING. 
CHARLES  SUMNER  HAMLIN,  LL.B 
JOHN  EDWARD  HOWE. 
THOMAS  MOTT  OSBORNE. 
HENRY  KIRKLAND  SWINSCOE. 
ALAN  GREGORY  MASON. 
CROSBY  CHURCH  WHITMAN. 
WILLIAM  SYLVESTER  ALLEN. 
WILLIAM  EDWARD  FAULKNER. 
LOCKWOOD  HONORE. 
SOLOMON  LEWIS  S  WARTS. 


Second  Bass. 

1858.  OTIS  PUTNAM  ABERCROMBIE,  LL.B.  1874. 

1860.  EDWIN  JOHNSON  HORTON,  A.M.  1876. 
1860.  OLIVER  FAIRFIELD  WADSWORTH,  M.D.  1877. 

1862.  ARTHUR  REED.  1877. 

1863.  FRANCIS  MARSH.  1879. 

1864.  EDWIN  PLINY  SEAVER,  A.M.  1880. 
1866.  AMOS  MORSE  LEONARD,  A.M.  1881. 
1866.  JAMES  JACKSON  PUTNAM,  M.D.  1882. 
1866.  MELVIN  AUG.  UNDERWOOD,  A.M.  1883. 
1868.  AUGUSTUS  GEORGE  BULLOCK,  A.M.  1883. 

1868.  EDWARD  EVERETT  SPRAGUE.  1885. 

1869.  NATHANIEL  SMITH.  1887. 

1870.  FRANCIS  WALCOTT  ROBINSON.  1888. 

1871.  ALBERT  MALLARD  BARNES.  1889. 
1871.  ALFRED  STACKPOLE  DABNEY.  1889. 
1871.  HORACE  APPLETON  LAMB.  1889. 

1873.  EDWARD  SHERMAN  DODGE.  1889. 

1874.  GEORGE  OLIVER  GEORGE  COALE. 


RICHARD  HENRY  DANA,  LL.B. 
FRANCIS  SIIALTER  LIVINGOOD. 
GARDNER  SWIFT  LAMSON. 
JOHN  BERTRAM  WILLIAMS. 
WlLMOT  TOWNSEND  COX,  LL.B. 
JOHN  LOTHROP  WAKEFIELD. 
WILLIAM  GOLD  BRINSMADE. 
CHARLES  FRANCIS  MASON. 
SUMNER  COOLIDGE. 
JAMES  HAMLET  BOLT  EASTON. 
DONALD  ELLIS  WHITE. 
EUGENE  RODMAN  SHIPPEN. 
CHARLES  CHOLLET. 
HERBERT  HENRY  DARLING. 
ALMON  DANFORTH  HODGES. 
WILLARD  ROBERT  KIMBALL. 
HENRY  DIKE  SLEEPER. 


SKETCH  OF  THE  COMMEMORATION.  19 

The  Executive  Committee  prepared  a  circular,  which  em- 
braced the  following 

GENERAL  INFORMATION. 

Registration  Room.  —  An  office  under  the  charge  of  Mr.  GEORGE 
R.  NUTTER  will  be  opened  at  No.  4  University  Hall  on  Tuesday, 
the  2d  of  November,  for  the  registration  of  names,  the  sale  of 
tickets,  the  delivery  of  badges,  and  the  communication  of  needed 
information  as  to  the  time  and  place  and  conditions  of  the  suc- 
cessive ceremonies  of  the  Festival ;  and  all  graduates  and  invited 
guests  of  the  University  attending  the  celebration  are  requested 
to  register  their  names,  residences,  and  temporary  addresses. 

A  badge  will  be  given  at  the  Registration  Room  to  every  par- 
ticipant in  the  celebration.  The  badges  will  serve  as  means  of 
identification,  and  are  necessary  to  admit  their  wearers  to  the 
Oration  in  Sanders  Theatre  on  Friday  the  5th,  to  the  Observatory 
and  the  Athletic  Sports  on  the  6th,  and  to  Appleton  Chapel  and 
Sanders  Theatre  on  the  7th. 

Restaurant  in  Massachusetts  Hall.  —  During  the  Festival  a  Res- 
taurant and  Smoking-Room  will  be  established  in  Massachusetts 
Hall  for  the  entertainment  of  graduates  and  undergraduates  of 
the  University,  and  their  friends. 

Museums.  —  The  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology,  the  Pea- 
body  Museum  of  American  Archeology  and  Ethnology,  and  the 
Mineral  Cabinet  in  Boylston  Hall  will  be  open  on  Friday,  Satur- 
day, and  Monday  from  9  to  5  o'clock,  and  on  Sunday  from 
1  to  5  o'clock.  The  Botanic  Garden  will  be  open  during  the 
Anniversary. 

It  also  presented  the  Official  programme  for  Saturday, 
November  6,  as  follows  :  — 

UNDERGRADUATES'  DAY. 

9.30  A.M.  Boat  Club  Scratch  Races.  %  mile  course,  (a) 
Upper  class  eight-oars.  (b)  Freshman  eight-oars,  (c)  Single 
scull  shells,  (d)  Single  scull  working-boats,  or  single  canoes. 

11.30  A.M.  Literary  Exercises  in  Sanders  Theatre,  (a)  Prayer 
by  Rev.  A.  P.  PEABODY.  (b)  Oration  by  F.  E.  E.  HAMILTON,  '87. 
(c)  Poem  by  F.  S.  PALMER,  '87.  (d)  Address  to  Undergraduates, 


20  SKETCH  OF  THE  COMMEMORATION. 

E.  J.  RICH,  '87.  (e)  Ode  by  L.  McK.  GARRISON,  '88.  Music  by 
the  Glee  Club  and  Pierian  Sodality. 

The  floor  and  lower  gallery  of  the  Theatre  will  be  reserved 
for  the  Undergraduates.  Tickets  for  seats  in  the  upper  gallery 
will  be  issued  without  charge  to  graduates ;  and  a  limited  num- 
ber of  admission  tickets  will  be  distributed  after  the  supply  of 
reserved-seat  tickets  has  beeu  exhausted.  Graduates  may  pro- 
cure tickets  upon  application  at  No.  4  University  Hall.  Guests 
of  the  University  will  also  be  provided  with  reserved  seats  upon 
application  at  the  same  place. 

3  P.M.  Championship  Foot-Ball  Game.  Harvard  v.  Wesleyan. 
Jar  vis  Field. 

5  P.M.  The  President  will  receive  any  invited  guests  of  the 
University  who  have  reached  Cambridge,  at  No.  5  University 
Hall.  Members  of  the  Academic  Council  are  requested  to  be 
present. 

8  P.M.  Marching  of  torchlight  procession  from  Hemenway 
Gymnasium  through  Cambridge  Street,  Broadway,  Quincy  Street, 
Harvard  Street,  Prospect  Street,  Main  Street,  Quincy  Street, 
Broadway,  College  Yard,  Harvard  Street,  Harvard  Square,  Garden 
Street,  Mason  Street,  Brattle  Street,  Craigie  Street,  Concord 
Avenue,  Waterhouse  Street,  North  Avenue,  and  Jarvis  Street,  to 
Holmes  Field. 

9.30  P.M.     Display  of  fireworks  on  Holmes  Field. 

Former  students  of  the  Lawrence  Scientific  School  will  meet 
at  the  School  building  at  6.30  P.M.  Lunch  at  7  P.M.  Tickets 
(price,  $1.00)  may  be  obtained  of  Prof.  W.  S.  CHAPLIN,  16  Pres- 
cott  Street,  Cambridge,  or  of  Mr.  G.  R.  NUTTER  at  the  Registration 
Room  at  No.  4  University  Hall.  Former  students  are  requested 
as  soon  as  they  arrive  to  register  at  the  School  building,  as  well 
as  at  University  4. 

The  Observatory  will  be  open  to  visitors  from  10  A.M.  to 
5  P.M.,  when  the  instruments  will  be  exhibited  and  their  uses 
explained.  The  entrance  to  the  grounds  is  on  Garden  Street. 

This  programme  was  all  carried  out,  except  that  a  heavy 
rain,  beginning  in  the  afternoon  and  lasting  through  the 
evening,  rendered  necessary  a  postponement  of  the  students' 


SKETCH  OF  THE  COMMEMORATION.    '  21 

procession  and  fireworks.     The  evening  was  occupied  with 
private  receptions. 

There  was  a  fog  in  the  early  morning,  but  it  began  to  lift 
shortly  after  nine  o'clock,  and  the  races  were  rowed  in  the 
presence  of  a  large  number  of  spectators.  The  account  in 
the  "  Daily  Crimson "  shows  that  of  the  Senior  crews  the 
winning  one  was  composed  of,  —  stroke,  Adams  '88  ;  7,  Keyes 
'87  ;  6,  Coolidge  '87  ;  5,  Davis  '89 ;  4,  Ayer  '87  ;  3,  Good- 
win '89  ;  2,  Appleton  '88  ;  bow,  Bowen  '87  ;  coxswain,  Morse 
'87.  The  winning  eight  of  the  Freshmen  were,  —  stroke, 
Crehore  ;  7,  Lothrop ;  6,  E.  Sturgis  ;  5,  Beecher  ;  4i  Barnes  ; 
3,  Leonard  ;  2,  Pulsifer  ;  bow,  Darling  ;  coxswain,  Brown  '88. 
Of  the  single  sculls,  Taylor  '90  was  the  winner. 

Shortly  after  eleven  o'clock  the  four  classes  of  Undergrad- 
uates met  at  their  appointed  places  in  the  college  yard,  and 
forming  in  procession  with  the  Seniors  in  advance,  proceeded 
to  Sanders  Theatre.  As  the  students  entered  the  auditorium 
the  Pierian  Sodality  began  Mendelssohn's  "  Cornelius  March." 
The  students  occupied,  when  seated,  all  parts  of  the  theatre 
except  the  centre  division  of  the  first  balcony,  which  was 
reserved  for  the  officers  of  the  college  and  for  guests ;  and 
the  second  gallery,  which  was  filled  with  the  graduates 
and  with  friends  of  the  undergraduates.  Mr.  Winthrop 
Wetherbee,  the  Chairman  of  the  Literary  Committee  of  the 
students,  presided.  After  a  prayer  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Peabody, 
the  other  services  went  forward  as  given  in  detail  on  a  later 
page,  the  intervals  between  the  speaking  being  filled  with  a 
rendering  of  "  Eichberg's  National  Hymn  "  by  the  Glee  Club, 
and  with  the  "  Berceuse  of  Gounod-Brand "  by  the  Pierian 
Sodality ;  at  the  close  of  all,  the  whole  audience  stood  and 
joined  in  singing  the  words  of  the  ode  which  had  just  been 
read,  to  the  tune  of  "Fair  Harvard." 

The  foot-ball  game  in  the  afternoon  was  played  with  vigor, 
but  with  some  difficulty  owing  to  the  wet  condition  of  the 
ground,  while  the  ardor  of  the  spectators  was  somewhat 


22  *   SKETCH  OF  THE  COMMEMORATION. 

dampened  by  the  steady  rain  which  fell  throughout  and  pre- 
vented the  completion  of  the  game,  as  darkness  came  on. 

In  the  afternoon  at  five  o'clock  President  Eliot,  assisted 
by  the  Faculties  and  officers  of  the  various  departments,  re- 
ceived the  invited  guests  in  the  Faculty  room  of  the  college 
in  University  Hall.  It  was  an  hour  devoted  to  social  con- 
verse merely,  the  only  formalities  being  the  presentation  by 
Dr.  Taylor  of  an  address  of  Congratulation  from  the  Univer- 
sity of  Cambridge,  England,  and  by  Dr.  Creighton  of  simi- 
lar felicitations  from  the  authorities  of  Emmanuel  College. 
The  addresses  of  presentation  were  very  brief,  as  were  the 
responses  of  President  Eliot. 

The  documents  presented  were  as  follows  : — 

Academia  Cantabriyiensis  Cantabrigiae  Transatlanticae 
salutem  dicit  phirimam : 

QUANTA  cum  voluptate  epistolam  illam  nuperrime  accepimus, 
in  qua  Acaderaiae  nobiscum  et  nomine  et  origine  coniunctissimae 
sacra  saecularia  celebraturi,  etiam  nostram  Academiam  sacris  illis 
interesse  voluistis.  luvat  profecto  diem  ilium  faustuni  prope 
praesentem  contemplari  quern  nuper  illo  die  appropinquantem 
prospeximus  quovestris  ex  alumnis  unum,  virum  litterarum  laude 
insignem,  titulo  nostro  honorifico  ornavimus.  luvat  Academiam 
illam  cuius  professores  illustres  in  senaculo  nostro  identidem 
salutavimus,  ipsam  litteris  hisce  vetera  hospitii  iura  testantibus  e 
longinquo  saltern  affari.  Nos  certe  temporis  et  spatii  intervallo 
iniquo  exclusi,  et  negotiis  Academicis  impediti,  non  possumus  qua 
voluissemus  frequentia  ludos  illos  vestros  praesentes  celebrare. 
Unum  tamen  nostro  e  numero  delegimus  qui  nostro  omnium 
nomine  nostras  omnium  gratulationes  legatus  ad  vos  perferat. 
Non  aliter  vosmetipsi  (iuvat  recordari)  e  professorum  vestrorum 
ordine  insigni  virum  eximium  Collegium  illud  antiquum  non  ita 
pridem  salutatum  niisistis,  unde  profectus  unus  ex  alumnis  no- 
stris,  ducentesimo  quinquagesimo  abhinc  anno,  extra  Britanniae 
terminos  artiores  Collegium  primum  illorum  ad  fructum  condidit 
qui  eadem  ac  nos  utuntur  lingua,  eisdem  ac  nos  litterarum  monu- 
rnentis  antiquis  gloriantur.  Laetamur  Academiam  illam  vestram 
quam  velut  filiam  nostram  nou  sine  superbia  contemplamur,  ipsam 
I 


SKETCH  OF  THE  COMMEMORATION.  23 

tot  Collegiis  novis  trans  aequor  Atlanticum  quasi  matrem  exsti- 
tisse.  Eteniin  flamma  ilia  prima  quam  conditor  ille  vester  trans 
oceanum  secum  pertulit,  e  vobis  usque  ad  ulterioris  oceani  fluctus 
transrnissa,  aliud  ex  alio  culmen  igne  novo  deinceps  accendit  :  — 


re  TTOVTOV  wore  vtarurai.  .  . 
crOevovcra  Aa/Airas  ovSeTrco  //.aupou/iev^.  .  . 
Tjycipev  aXXrjv  fKBo^rjv  TTO/ATTOI)  7n;pos. 

Facem  illam  doctrinae  utinam  fratribus  nostris  Transatlanticis 
diutissime  praetendatis,  locique  nomen  non  minus  nobis  quain  vobis 
carum,  plurima  in  saecula  indies  illustrius  reddatis.    Valete. 
Datum  Cantabrigiae 
pridie  idus  Octobres 

A.S.  MDCCCLXXXVI. 

Collegium  Emmanuelis  Universitati  Harvardianae  S.  P.  D.  : 

AEVI  miliarii  jam  quarta  pars  decucurrit  ex  quo  rei  acadernicae 
transmarinae  fundamenta  posuit  Harvardius  ille,  quern  et  ves- 
trum  et  nostrum  communi  pietate  venerarnur.  Quod  hac  oblata 
occasione  incunabula  Academiae  vestrae  in  memoriam  revocaturi, 
et  labores  tot  tautorurnque  hominum  optime  meritorum  idoneis 
laudibus  cumulaturi,  nos  quoque  in  gratulationis  consortium 
vocastis,  jucundissimo  officio  obstrictos  nunc  iterum  nos  habetis. 
Adhuc  in  omnium  auribus  resonat  viri  illius  omni  nomine  lau- 
dandi  facundia  quern  ad  nos  et  sollemnia  nostra  ante  duo  hos 
annos  legastis,  cum  Collegium  Emmanuelis  trium  saeculorum 
jam  emensorum  memoriae  litaret.  Quo  lubentius  socium  nostrum 
carissimum  Mandellium  Creighton,  quem  vobis  Clio  sua  jam  autea 
commendaverat,  salutis  nuntium  designaviums,  ut  paullisper  unus 
vestrum  fiat. 

Veteri  ut  dicitur  Angliae,  quo  tempore  vetustate  sua  pridem 
videbatur  laborare,  regnante  Elisabetha  nova  quaedam  illuxerat 
juventus  ;  quae  ne  servitio  aliunde  ingravescenti  succumberet 
fundator  noster  cum  ipse  senesceret  providebat.  Eodem  fere 
consilio,  neque  ita  multo  post,  fundator  vester  intra  juventain 
moribundus  nascenti  populo  ingenitum  esse  scientiae  divinae  et 
humanae  studium  doctrinamque  et  pari  incremento  in  posterum 
maturari  volebat.  Siquidem  vero  fines  cuique  saeculo  impositos 
vel  prudentioribus  excedere  uon  concessum  est,  fieri  vix  potuit  ut 


24  SKETCH  OF  THE  COMMEMORATION. 

quod  fundatori  utrique  placuisset  novitati  condicionum  sufficeret, 
verum  ex  primordiorum  salubribus  angustiis  in  exitus  inopinatos 
quidem  sed  locupletes  numine  quodam  caelesti  contigit  dilatari. 

Neque  patriae  quidem  nostrae  neque  Collegio  finem  operis  jam- 
jam  imminere  sperare  liceat.  Vobis  saltern  indies  amplior  pate- 
scit  campus,  quo  in  excolendo  ad  vestros  nee  non  etiam  ad  nostros 
largissima  messis  redundet.  Stat  sigillo  vestro  inscripta  Veritas 
ilia  cui  inservire  virorum  academicorum  et  summalaus  est  et  baud 
levis  opera :  vobis  et  veterem  f ovendam  et  exquirendam  novam 
cum  majorum  vox  turn,  hodierna  rerum  opportuuitas  committunt 
Veritatem.  Valete. 

Dabamus  Cantabrigiae, 
die  quinta  Octobris 

MDCCCLXXXVI. 

Addresses,  which  follow,  were  also  received  from  the  uni- 
versities of  Edinburgh  and  Heidelberg,  but  they  were  not 
formally  presented :  — 

To  Harvard  University,  on  the  occasion  of  the  Two  Hundred  and 
Fiftieth  Anniversary  of  her  Foundation,  Greeting  from  the  Uni- 
versity of  Edinburgh. 

To  THE  PRESIDENT,  FELLOWS,  AND  ASSOCIATION  OF  ALUMNI  OF  THE 
UNIVERSITY  OF  HARVARD  : 

On  the  auspicious  occasion  of  the  two  hundred  and  fiftieth 
anniversary  of  the  foundation  of  Harvard  University,  we  the 
undersigned,  on  behalf  of  her  elder  Scottish  sister,  the  University 
of  Edinburgh,  hereby  convey  our  most  hearty  greetings  and  our 
sincerest  wishes  for  her  continued  prosperity.  Having  with  the 
deepest  interest  traced  the  history  of  the  "  College  of  New 
Towne "  from  her  birth  in  1636  down  to  her  full  maturity  as  a 
university  in  1886,  we  are  profoundly  impressed  with  her  high 
merits  and  the  world-wide  influence  she  exercises  in  the  domains 
of  Philosophy,  Science,  and  Literature.  Conscious  that  our  own 
as  well  as  other  universities  have  yet  much  to  learn  from  the 
Founders,  Patrons,  and  Professors  of  Harvard,  we  regard  with  ad- 
miration their  wisdom,  their  munificence,  and  their  public  spirit ; 
and  we  hope  ere  long  to  benefit  by  their  noble  example  in  the  ex- 
tension and  improvement  of  our  own  University  system. 


SKETCH  OF  THE  COMMEMORATION. 


25 


Warmly  sympathizing  with  the  educational  institutions  of 
America,  we  have  lately  deemed  it  a  high  privilege  to  enroll  sev- 
eral of  their  most  famous  representatives  among  our  honorary 
graduates.  Foremost  among  these  we  would  mention  His  Excel- 
lency James  Russell  Lowell,  delegate  from  Harvard  University 
at  our  Tercentenary  Festival,  and  Dr.  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes, 
whose  eloquence  has  recently  delighted  us  and  powerfully  stimu- 
lated our  academic  life.  With  such  representatives  of  Harvard 
University  fresh  in  our  memories,  with  their  noble  sentiments 
graven  on  our  hearts,  we  the  more  cordially  and  earnestly  wish 
their  revered  Alma  Mater  God-speed ! 

Regretting  deeply  that  we  are  iinavoidably  prevented  from 
sending  a  delegate  in  person  to  participate  in  your  Festival,  we 
shall  nevertheless  be  with  you  in  spirit. 


JOHN  INGLIS,  Chancellor. 

W.  MtJIR,  Principal. 

ROBERT  FLINT,  s.  T.  p. 
W.  Y.  SELLAR, 

Litt.  Hum.  Prof. 

8.  H.  BUTCHER, 

Litt.  Graec.  Prof. 

A.  CAMPBELL  FRASER, 

Log.  and  Met.  Prof. 

A.  R.  SIMPSON, 

Medic.  Obstet.  Prof. 

DOUGLAS  MACLAGAN, 

Med.-Forensis  Prof. 
P.  G.  TAIT,  Phil.  Nat.  Prof. 

G.  CHRYSTAL,  Prof.  Math. 
JAS.  MUIRHEAD, 

Prof.  Civ.  Law. 

THOMAS  R.  FRASER, 

Prof.  Mat.  Med. 
J.  C.  EWART,  Prof.  fiat.  Hist. 

THOMAS  ANNANDALE, 

Cl.  Surg.  Prof. 
MALCOLM  C.  TAYLOR, 

Hist.  Eccl.  Prof. 


JULIUS  EGGELING, 

Prof.  Lit.  Sanscr. ,  Phil.  Comp. 

ROBERT  WALLACE, 

Prof.  Agriculture. 

JAMES  GEIKIE,  Prof. Geology. 

J.  KlRKPATRICK,  Hist.  Prof. 

JOHN  CHIENE, 

Prof,  of  Surgery. 

H.  CALDERWOOD, 

Mor.  Phil.  Prof. 

DON  MACKINNON, 

Litt.  Celt.  Prof. 

S.  S.  LAURIE, 

Instit.  Educ.  Prof. 

D.  L.  ADAMS, 

Linguar.  Orient.  Prof. 

NORMAN  MACPHERSON, 

Prof.  Scots.  Law. 

W.  RUTHERFORD, 

Instil.  Med.  Prof. 

J.  SHIELD  NICHOLSON, 

(Econ.  Pol.  Prof. 

ALEX.  CRUM  BROWN, 

Chem.  Prof. 

WM.  TURNER,  Anat.  Prof. 


25th  OCTOBER,  1886. 


The  Right  Honorable  Sir  Lyon  Playfair  was  subsequently 
authorized  by  telegram  to  represent  the  University  of  Edin- 
burgh. 


26  SKETCH  OF  THE  COMMEMORATION. 

A  telegraphic  despatcli  from  the  Government  of  Italy  ac- 
credited, as  the  representative  of  the  Italian  universities,  Ro- 
dolpho  Lanciani,  Professor  of  Archaeology  in  the  University 
of  Rome,  Director  of  the  Museo  Urbano,  and  Director  of  the 
archaeological  excavations  in  Rome  and  in  Italy. 

The  following  communication  was  also  received  from  a  uni- 
versity to  whose  five  hundredth  anniversary,  celebrated  during 
the  past  summer,  Harvard  University  had  sent  a  delegate,  in 
the  person  of  Dr.  J.  R.  Chadwick  of  the  Medical  Department : 

HEIDELBERG,  den  12  Oktober,  1886. 

Der  Harvard  Universitat  sagen  wir  besten  Dank  fiir  die  Einla- 
dung  zur  Feier  Hires  zweihundert  und  fiinfzig  jahrigen  Besteh- 
ens.  Leider  gestatten  die  Umstande  nicht,  Vertreter  aus  unserer 
Mitte  zur  personlichen  Theilnahme  an  dem  schonen  Feste  zu  eut- 
senden,  und  so  konnen  wir  uur  auf  diesem  Wege  unsern  warmen 
Gefiihlen  fiir  das  Wohl  und  Gedeihen  der  stamm-  und  geistes  ver- 
wandten  Schwester  Ausdruck  verleihen.  Moge  Ihr  Bestehen  in 
dem  zweiten  Jahrtausends  Viertel  ein  ebenso  gesegnetes  sein 
wie  in  dem  ersten,  moge  die  Wirksamkeit  entsprechend  dem 
Aufbliihen  Ihres  Landes  noch  ausgedehnter  werden,  und  moge 
insbesondere  der  Zusammenhang  zwischen  amerikanischer  und 
deutscher  Wissenschaft  und  Lehre  in  alle  Zeit  imwandelbar 
ausdauern  und  Frucht  briugen. 

Prorector  und  Senat  der  Grossherzoglich  £adischen  Universitat  zu  Heidelberg. 

T.  BEKKER. 

Another  event  of  this  day  was  the  reunion'  of  those  who 
had  been  students  of  the  Lawrence  Scientific  School.  Nearly 
a  month  earlier  (October  12)  a  few  of  the  graduates  of  the 
School,  living  in  or  near  Cambridge,  met  to  consider  the  pro- 
priety of  bringing  the  graduates,  the  teachers,  and  the  former 
students  of  the  School  together  at  the  time  of  the  Harvard 
celebration.  It  was  decided  that  a  reunion  should  be  called, 
and  a  committee  was  appointed  to  make  preparation  for  it. 
This  reunion  was  held  in  the  building  of  the  Lawrence 
Scientific  School.  A  business  meeting  took  place  in  the 


SKETCH  OF  THE   COMMEMORATION.  27 

afternoon  in  the  Library  of  the  School,  which  was  called  to 
order  by  Professor  E.  C.  Pickering ;  Mr.  Andrew  McFarland 
Davis  was  appointed  chairman,  and  Professor  Albert  R.  Leeds 
secretary.  Former  members  of  the  School  were  assembled 
in  gratifying  numbers,  and  the  proposal  that  an  Association 
of  the  alumni  of  the  School  should  be  formed  met  with  gen- 
eral approval.  Professor  Simon  Newcomb  was  elected  presi- 
dent, Professor  William  M.  Davis  secretary,  and  Dr.  Walter 
Faxon  treasurer,  of  the  Association ;  and  a  committee,  con- 
sisting of  Professors  Nathaniel  S.  Shaler  and  Edward  C. 
Pickering  and  Mr.  Samuel  H.  Scudder,  was  appointed  to 
act  with  these  officers  in  perfecting  the  organization  of  the 
Association.  The  present  position  and  future  prospects  of 
the  School  were  the  subject  of  brief  discussion,  and  Messrs. 
E.  C.  Pickering,  F.  W.  Clarke,  A.  Agassiz,  J.  Trowbridge, 
A.  McF.  Davis,  and  W.  S.  Chaplin  were  constituted  a  com- 
mittee to  report  at  a  future  meeting  on  the  condition  of  the 
School  and  on  the  measures  best  adapted  to  increasing  its 
prosperity. 

The  meeting  then  adjourned  to  a  supper  served  in  an  adja- 
cent lecture-room,  and  there  spent  the  evening  in  informal 
discussion,  in  which  a  good  number  of  those  present  took 
part.  Mr.  A.  McF.  Davis  presided,  and  called  on  Professor 
Pickering,  who  opened  the  discussion  and  made  a  general 
statement  of  the  questions  to  be  considered.  Professor 
Trowbridge  advocated  the  establishment  of  fellowships  for 
advanced  students,  and  was  ready  to  take  a  share  in  the 
accomplishment  of  this  end.  Professor  Clarke  desired  that 
the  alumni  of  the  School  should  have  the  right  to  vote  for 
the  overseers  who  take  part  in  its  government,  and  thought 
that  the  Association  could  do  good  work  in  securing  this 
franchise  to  its  members.  President  Eliot  explained  the 
earlier  conditions  of  the  University  which  had  led  to  the 
limitation  of  franchise  in  the  election  of  overseers  to  the 
graduates  of  the  college ;  but  as  those  conditions  had  now 


28  SKETCH  OF  THE  COMMEMORATION. 

disappeared,  he  thought  the  limitation  was  no  longer  neces- 
sary and  might  be  withdrawn.  Other  speakers  agreed  as  to 
the  importance  of  such  a  change  in  giving  recognition  to 
a  department  of  the  University  whose  graduates  were  per- 
haps of  small  number,  but  who  were  none  the  less  interested 
in  the  management  and  the  progress  of  the  University  on 
that  account.  The  change  in  the  relation  of  the  College 
towards  the  School,  from  earlier  to  later  years,  was  also 
dwelt  upon  by  several  speakers,  who  recognized  therein  the 
chief  cause  of  the  decrease  in  the  number  of  students  in  the 
School ;  but  it  was  also  contended  that  the  expansion  of  sci- 
entific teaching  in  the  College  was  in  part  an  effect  of  the 
work  done  in  the  School,  which  should  be  remembered  to  its 
credit.  Professor  Davis  deprecated  the  suggestion  that  the 
School  should  be  developed  as  a  separate  organization  in 
the  line  of  advanced  studies,  for  it  would  then  run  parallel 
to  the  growing  graduate  department  of  the  College,  and  would 
court  a  repetition  of  the  decadence  that  it  has  already  suf- 
fered alongside  of  the  College  itself.  Dr.  Bowditch  regretted 
the  late  entrance  into  practical  life  made  by  men  who  passed 
four  years  in  college  and  three  years  in  a  professional  school, 
and  hoped  that  the  time  devoted  to  these  courses  might  be  in 
some  way  abridged. 

Among  others  who  addressed  the  meeting  were  Messrs. 
Brewer,  Watson,  Herschel,  Hyatt,  Niles,  Drown,  Perkins, 
Alden,  and  Chaplin. 

The  following  list  of  persons  present  is  prepared  from  the 
registration  book  opened  at  the  meeting.  The  names  are 
placed  in  order  of  the  year  of  graduation  or  of  attendance  at 
the  School  in  the  capacity  of  teacher  or  special  student :  — 

1853.  CHARLES  L.  PIERSON Boston. 

1854.  WILLIAM  AUGUSTUS  BREWER,  Jr.    ...    South  Orange,  N.J. 
"       ANDREW  McF.  DAVIS Cambridge. 

"       JOHN  TAYLOR  GILMAN  NICHOLS  ....    Cambridge. 

1855.  CHARLES  S.  HOMER,  Jr New  York. 


SKETCH  OF  THE  COMMEMORATION.  29 

1856.  JOSE  F.  GARRET Cambridge. 

1857.  ALEXANDER  AGASSIZ Cambridge. 

"  WILLIAM  WATSON Boston. 

1858.  Louis  ARNOLD West  Roxbury,  Mass. 

"  FRANK  W.  PRESTON New  Ipswich,  N.H. 

1860.  JAKES  F.  BABCOCK Boston. 

"  CLEMENS  HERSCHEL Holyoke,  Mass. 

"  EDWARD  S.  MORSE Salem,  Mass. 

1861.  ROBERDEATJ  BUCHANAN Washington,  D.C. 

1862.  CHARLES  W.  ELIOT Cambridge. 

"  ALPHEUS  HYATT Cambridge. 

"  FREDERICK  W.  PUTNAM Cambridge. 

"  ANDREW  ROBESON Brookline,  Mass. 

"  SAMUEL  H.  SCUDDER Cambridge. 

"  NATHANIEL  S.  SHALER Cambridge. 

1863.  JOHN  GODDARD  STEARNS Brookline. 

1864.  EDWIN  A.  HILDRETH Harvard,  Mass. 

1865.  THOMAS  M.  DROWN Boston. 

"  CHARLES  DUDLEY  LAMSON Boston. 

"  WILLIAM  H.  NILES Cambridge. 

"  MAURICE  PERKINS Schenectady. 

"  EDWARD  C.  PICKERING Cambridge. 

"  JOHN  TROWBRIDGE Cambridge. 

1866.  STEPHEN  P.  SUARPLES Cambridge. 

1867.  FRANCIS  W.  CLARKE Washington,  D.C. 

1868.  GEORGE  IRA  ALDEN Worcester,  Mass. 

"  DALTON  FALLON Boston. 

"  WILLIAM  J.  KNOWLTON Boston. 

"  EDWARD  R.  TAYLOR Cleveland,  O. 

1869.  WILLIAM  M.  DAVIS Cambridge. 

"  ALBERT  R.  LEEDS Hoboken,  N.J. 

"  ARTHUR  C.  WALWORTH Newton  Centre,  Mass. 

"  WINFIELD  S.  CHAPLIN Cambridge. 

1871.  THOMAS  M.  CHATARD Washington,  D.C. 

"  CHARLES  E.  MUNROE Newport,  R.I. 

1872.  A.  F.  NOYES Auburndale. 

1875.  FRANCIS  W.  DEAN Cambridge. 

"  JOHN  B.  MARCOU Washington,  D.C. 

1876.  SETH  PERKINS Boston. 

"  EDWARD  D.  THAYER Worcester,  Mass. 

1877.  WILLIAM  C.  HODGKINS Washington,  D.C. 

1878.  JAMES  H.  STEBBINS,  Jr New  York. 

1881.  ROBERT  SWIFT Boston. 

1884.  WILLIAM  F.  BOOTH Poughkeepsie,  N.Y. 

"  ROBERT  TRACY  JACKSON Boston. 

1886.  JAMES  E.  HUMPHREY North  Weymouth,  Mass. 


30  SKETCH  OF  THE  COMMEMORATION. 

The  official  programme  for  Sunday,  the  third  day,  read  as 
follows :  — 

FOUNDATION  DAY. 

On  the  7th  of  November,  1636,  the  General  Court  of  the  Col- 
ony of  Massachusetts  Bay  passed  the  following  vote  :  — 

"  The  Court  agree  to  give  Four  Hundred  Pounds  towards  a  School  or 
College,  whereof  Two  hundred  Pounds  shall  be  paid  the  next  year,  and 
Two  Hundred  Pounds  when  the  Work  is  finished,  and  the  next  Court  to 
appoint  where  and  what  building." 

There  will  be  commemorative  services  in  Appletou  Chapel  at 
10.30  A.M.  and  7.30  P.M. 

The  morning  service  will  be  conducted  by  President  DWIGHT 
of  Yale  College,  and  Prof.  C.  C.  EVERETT,  Dean  of  the  Harvard 
Faculty  of  Divinity.  The  Plummer  Professor,  Eev.  FRANCIS  G. 
PEABODY,  will  preach  the  sermon. 

The  evening  service  will  be  conducted  by  President  McCosn 
of  Princeton,  and  Prof.  FRANCIS  G.  PEABODY.  The  Kev.  PHIL- 
LIPS BROOKS,  D.D.,  will  preach  the  sermon. 

At  both  these  services  the  music  will  be  sung  by  the  Anniver- 
sary Chorus  of  Graduates. 

At  each  service  the  entire  Chapel  will  be  reserved  until  ten 
minutes  before  the  hour  for  guests,  graduates,  and  officers  of  the 
University,  who  will  be  admitted  at  the  south  side-door  on  show- 
ing their  badges.  Each  gentleman  may  be  accompanied  by  one 
lady. 

At  10.20  and  7.20  the  north  side-door  will  be  opened  to  admit 
undergraduates  of  the  University.  At  10.25  and  7.25  the  front 
doors  will  be  opened  to  admit  the  public. 

The  Boston  Symphony  Orchestra  will  play  the  following 
music  in  Sanders  Theatre  at  4  P.M.:  — 

OVERTURE  ("LEONORA") Beethoven. 

TOCCATA Bach. 

LARGO       Haendel. 

SYMPHONY  No.  4 .  Beethoven. 

Section  D  of  the  lower  gallery  will  be  reserved  for  the  invited 
guests  of  the  University  until  ten  minutes  before  four  o'clock. 
Graduates  of  the  University  wearing  Badges  will  be  admitted  to 


SKETCH  OF  THE  COMMEMORATION.  31 

the  rest  of  the  theatre  until  ten  minutes  before  four  o'clock. 
Each  gentleman  may  be  accompanied  by  one  lady.  At  five 
minutes  before  four  o'clock  the  doors  will  be  opened  to  the 
public,  if  any  room  remains. 

The  day  was  clear.  The  crowd  of  expectant  auditors  filled 
Appleton  Chapel  at  the  given  hour,  and  the  services  in  the 
morning  were  begun  by  a  prelude  on  the  organ  by  Mr.  Locke, 
the  college  organist ;  and  this  was  followed  by  the  usual  Latin 
commemoration  hymn  (the  words  by  Prof.  J.  B.  Greenough), 
sung  by  the  Anniversary  Chorus.  The  Rev.  Dr.  Charles 
Carroll  Everett  next  read  from  the  reading  desk,  while  the 
audience  joined  in  alternation,  the  first  fifteen  verses  of  the 
One  Hundred  and  Fifth  Psalm.  The  Gloria  "  We  Praise 
Thee,  0  God,"  followed,  when  Dr.  Everett  read  from  the  first 
chapter  of  Genesis  and  from  the  first  book  of  Kings.  The 
great  chorus  next  rendered  the  "  Exaudivit  Dominus."  From 
the  pulpit  President  D  wight  of  Yale  University  read  passages 
from  the  New  Testament,  and  concluded  with  a  prayer.  The 
choir  next  sang  the  "  Integer  Vitas,"  and  afterward,  with  the 
audience  joining,  a  hymn  from  the  Chapel  hymn-book. 

The  sermon  by  Prof.  Francis  G.  Peabody  followed,  and 
after  the  "  Sanctus  "  of  Gounod  by  the  chorus,  and  the  sing- 
ing of  the  fifty-fifth  hymn,  the  morning  service  was  closed. 

The  Symphony  Concert  in  Sanders  Theatre  in  the  after- 
noon was  conducted  before  an  audience  which  completely 
filled  the  auditorium. 

The  evening  service  in  Appleton  Chapel  began  with  the 
hymn  "  Machet  die  Thore  weit,"  rendered  by  the  Anniversary 
Chorus.  The  Rev.  Prof.  Francis  G.  Peabody  then  read  the 
One  Hundred  and  Forty-third  Psalm ;  and  then  came  the 
anthem,  "All  Glory,  Laud,  and  Honor!"  A  graduate  quar- 
tet consisting  of  Dr.  S.  W.  Langmaid  (Class  of  1859), 
George  L.  Osgood  (1866),  G.  S.  Lamson  (1877),  and  A.  M. 
Barnes  (1871)  now  sang  "  Into  the  Silent  Land,"  to  music  writ- 
ten for  the  occasion  by  Mr.  Arthur  Foote.  Luther's  Hymn, 


32  SKETCH  OF  THE  COMMEMORATION". 

"  A  Mighty  Portress,"  came  next ;  and  then  followed  the 
sermon  by  the  Rev.  Phillips  Brooks,  D.D.  After  this  the 
"  Sanctus,"  written  for  the  occasion  by  Mr.  Osgood,  was  sung 
by  the  choir ;  and  the  services  closed  with  the  audience  join- 
ing in  singing  the  two  hundred  and  fifteenth  hymn  of  the 
Chapel  hymn-book. 

The  following  gentlemen  served  as  ushers  for  the  three 
Sunday  gatherings :  — 

SENIORS. 

EUGENE  RODMAN  SHIPPEN,  Chief  Usher. 
FREDERIC  SHURTLEFF  COOLIDGE.       HENRY  WILDER  KEYES. 
WILLIAM  ENDICOTT,  3d.  AUGUSTUS  NEAL  RANTOUL. 

JAMES  MARSH  JACKSON.  STEPHEN  BERRIEN  STANTON. 

ROGER  WOLCOTT  KEEP.  WINTHROP  WETHERBEE. 

JUNIORS. 

FRANKLIN  GREENE  BALCH.  LOCKWOOD  HONORED 

ARTHUR  PIERCE  BUTLER.  HENRY  LOWELL  MASON. 

JAMES  MOTT  HALLOWELL. 

The  official  programme  for  the  last  day,  Monday,  Novem- 
ber 8,  was  as  follows :  — 

ALUMNI  DAY. 

The  graduates  of  all  departments  of  the  University,  and  all 
gentlemen  specially  invited  to  be  present,  will  assemble  at  Gore 
Hall,  and  at  9.30  A.M.  will  proceed  to  Sanders  Theatre,  where  an 
Address  will  be  made  by  JAMES  RUSSELL  LOWELL,  LL.L\,  and 
a  Poem  delivered  by  OLIVER  WENDELL  HOLMES,  LL.D.,  after 
which  Honorary  Degrees  will  be  conferred  by  the  President  of 
the  University. 

The  business  of  the  day  renders  an  early  start  imperative,  and 
all  persons  concerned  are  urged  to  be  punctual. 

The  upper  gallery  of  Sanders  Theatre  will  be  reserved  for  ladies 
having  tickets.  They  will  be  received  at  the  south  door  from 
9.30  to  10.15  A.M.  and  no  later. 

At  2  P.M.  the  members  of  the  Association  of  the  Alumni,  to- 
gether with  their  invited  guests,  will  form  in  procession  at  Gore 


SKETCH  OF  THE  COMMEMORATION.  33 

Hall,  and  march  to  Memorial  Hall  to  partake  of  a  Collation  and 
listen  to  brief  addresses. 

Tickets  for  the  Collation  in  the  Dining  Hall  at  two  dollars 
apiece  will  be  for  sale  at  the  Registration  Room,  No.  4  University 
Hall,  on  and  after  Tuesday  the  2d  of  November,  to  graduates  of 
the  College,  holders  of  Honorary  Degrees  from  the  University, 
and  members  of  the  Faculties  of  the  College,  and  of  the  Profes- 
sional Schools ;  and  they  may  be  obtained,  until  the  supply  is  ex- 
hausted, on  personal  application,  or  secured  by  letter  enclosing 
the  price  of  the  ticket.  Tickets  ordered  by  letter  will  be  reserved 
until  1.30  P.M.  on  Monday,  November  8,  and  must  be  called  for 
by  the  applicant  in  person. 

For  the  accommodation  of  gentlemen  entitled  to  buy  tickets 
for  the  Collation  who  apply  for  them  after  the  supply  is  ex- 
hausted, a  lunch  will  be  provided  in  the  Hemenway  Gymnasium 
at  2  P.M.,  tickets  for  which,  at  fifty  cents  apiece,  can  be  obtained 
at  the  Registration  Room.  After  the  procession  has  entered  the 
Dining  Hall,  the  east  and  west  galleries  will  be  opened  to  gen- 
tlemen wearing  badges  who  were  entitled  to  buy  tickets  for  the 
Collation. 

From  8  until  11  o'clock  P.M.  a  reception  will  be  given  by  the 
Faculties  of  the  University,  in  the  Hemenway  Gymnasium,  to 
the  graduates  and  invited  guests  of  the  University.  Each  gradu- 
ate is  entitled  to  a  card  of  admission,  which  can  be  obtained  in 
University  Hall  No.  4,  after  he  has  registered.  A  card  will 
admit  one  gentleman  with  ladies.  The  entrance  will  be  by  the 
south  door,  and  the  exit  by  the  west  door. 

The  Alumni,  as  having  charge  of  the  fourth  day  of  the  cele- 
bration, which  was  of  the  most  general  interest,  were  favored 
with  good  weather.  By  nine  o'clock  the  crowd  within  the 
college  yard  was  very  large,  mainly  of  graduates,  meeting 
often  after  long  intervals,  and  extending  congratulations  one 
to  the  other.  It  was  estimated  that  the  procession,  marching 
by  twos,  would  extend  from  a  half  to  three  quarters  of  a  mile ; 
and  in  order  to  form  the  line  within  the  college  yard  three 
sections  were  made  of  it,  so  that  the  guests  and  officers,  with 
the  older  graduates  (1811-1849),  were  formed  in  Gore  Hall, 
the  graduates  of  later  years  (1850-1879)  in  or  near  Sever 


34  SKETCH  OF  THE  COMMEMORATION. 

Hall,  and  the  younger  men  (1880-1886)  on  the  path  from 
Cambridge  Street  to  Gore  Hall.  The  several  sections  of  the 
procession  were  gathered  in  their  respective  places,  and  all 
waited  for  the  arrival  of  the  President  of  the  United  States. 
It  was  not  till  a  few  minutes  after  ten  o'clock  that  the  band 
of  his  escort  was  heard ;  and  presently  the  mounted  lancers 
appeared,  followed  by  the  President's  carriage,  which  moved 
along  between  crowds  of  cheering  spectators.  The  escort 
formed  about  the  main  entrance  to  the  yard,  and  the  way 
within  being  cleared,  the  carriage  of  the  President,  drawn  by 
four  white  horses,  entered  the  gate.  At  the  same  instant  the 
bell  in  the  opposite  meeting-house  began  to  ring,  and  the  bat- 
teries arranged  on  the  Common  answered  with  continued 
salvos.  As  the  carriage  passed  through  the  crowd  of  under- 
graduates, ranged  in  lines  on  either  side,  its  progress  was 
marked  by  the  exuberant  rah-rah-rahs  of  the  students.  On 
reaching  Gore  Hall,  where  the  head  of  the  procession  was 
formed,  President  Cleveland  was  received  by  the  Chief  Mar- 
shal, who  introduced  him  to  the  President  of  the  University, 
and  almost  immediately  gave  him  his  allotted  place  in  the 
line.  The  march  through  and  around  the  yard  then  began, 
each  division  falling  into  line,  till  the  whole  procession  was 
stretched  out  in  this  order :  — 

Band. 

Chief  Marshal  and  Aids. 

President  of  the  Association  of  the  Alumni. 

Orator  and  Poet  of  the  Day. 

Chaplains  of  the  Day. 

President  and  Fellows  of  Harvard  College. 

The  Honorable  and  Reverend  the  Overseers. 

His  Excellency,  the  Governor  of  the  Commonwealth,  and  the 

President  of  the  United  States. 

The  Governor's  Aids. 

Members  of  the  President's  Suite. 

United  States  Senators  from  Massachusetts. 

His  Honor  the  Lieutenant-Governor  and  the  Adjutant- General. 

President  of  the  State  Senate,  and  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 

Secretary  of  the  State  Board  of  Education. 


SKETCH  OF  THE  COMMEMORATION.  35 

Their  Honors  the  Mayors  of  the  City  of  Cambridge  and  of  the  City  of 

Boston,  preceded  by  the  Sheriffs  of  Middlesex  and  Suffolk. 

Delegates  from  other  Institutions  of  Learning. 

Other  invited  Guests  of  the  University. 
Professors  and  Assistant  Professors  of  the  College  Faculty. 

Faculty  of  Divinity,  Faculty  of  Law. 
Faculties  of  Medicine,  Dental  Medicine,  and  Veterinary  Medicine. 

Faculties  of  the  Scientific  Departments. 
Other  Officers  of  Instruction  and  Government  in  the  University. 

Professors  of  other  Colleges  and  Universities. 

Holders  of  Honorary  Degrees  from  the  University. 

Pastors  of  the  Churches  of  the  six  neighboring  Towns  of  1642. 

Committee  of  Arrangements. 

Alumni  of  Harvard  College,  and  Graduates  of  the  Professional  Schools 
of  the  same  Year  of  Graduation. 


The  upper  gallery  of  Sanders  Theatre  had  been  thrown 
open  to  ladies  having  tickets,  at  half-past  nine  o'clock,  and 
before  ten  was  filled,  except  one  range  of  seats  in  the  middle- 
front.  In  a  few  minutes  Colonel  Stearns  and  Colonel  Walker 
of  the  Governor's  staff  —  the  President  of  the  United  States 
and  his  suite  having  been  the  guests  of  the  State  of  Massa- 
chusetts while  in  Boston  —  entered,  escorting  Mrs.  Cleveland 
to  the  central  seat,  which  she  took  with  the  wife  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  War  and  the  wife  of  the  Mayor  of  Boston  on  her  right, 
and  on  her  left  the  wife  of  the  President  of  the  University  and 
the  wife  of  the  Governor.  The  assembled  ladies  greeted  their 
arrival  with  applause  and  the  fluttering  of  handkerchiefs. 

In  due  time  the  head  of  the  procession  reached  the  hall, 
and  was  distributed  quietly  but  promptly  by  the  marshals, 
till  every  available  seat  and  standing-place  was  occupied. 

It  appearing  that  there  were  4,500  living  alumni  of  the  col- 
lege, and  about  3,500  of  the  professional  schools,  who  were 
not  also  graduates  of  the  college,  or  in  all  about  8,000  persons 
entitled  to  attend  the  celebration,  to  say  nothing  of  invited 
guests  and  the  ladies,  it  was  a  perplexing  problem  from  the 
start,  inasmuch  as  the  season  precluded  the  use  of  a  tent,  how 
many  Sanders  Theatre  could  contain,  which  at  an  outside  limit 


36  SKETCH  OF  THE  COMMEMORATION. 

and  filling  every  unoccupied  spot  with  a  standing  auditor  was 
not  capable  of  accommodating  more  than  from  twenty-six  to 
twenty-seven  hundred  persons.  It  finally  proved  that  under 
the  careful  provisions  of  the  Chief  Marshal,  after  taking  out 
442  seats  for  ladies  in  the  second  gallery,  the  entire  proces- 
sion succeeded  in  entering  the  hall,  making  an  audience  in 
the  mass,  as  well  as  could  be  counted,  of  about  2,500  persons ; 
and  as  this  number  corresponds  with  the  estimates  upon  which 
the  arrangements  were  based,  it  is  probable  that  the  same 
calculations  reveal  the  way  in  which  this  2,500  were  made  up, 
namely,  — 

Graduates  of  the  College  from  1811  to  1849     .     .  200 

From  1850  to  1879 1,000 

From  1880  to  1886 600 

Guests,  faculties,  and  officials 300 

Graduates  of  Schools  (not  alumni) 400 

Total 2,500 

The  President  and  Fellows  of  the  University  occupied 
their  accustomed  seats  in  the  rear  of  the  stage.  In  front  of 
them  sat  the  Chief  Marshal  and  the  President  of  the  Associa- 
tion of  the  Alumni.  A  space  was  left  vacant  in  their  imme- 
diate front  about  the  desk.  On  the  left  of  the  stage,  as  the 
audience  faced  it,  occupying  a  seat  next  to  the  edge,  sat 
President  Cleveland,  adjoining  him  the  Governor,  then  the 
Lieutenant-Go vernor,  the  President  of  the  Board  of  Overseers, 
and  the  Orator.  In  the  seats  on  the  right  of  the  desk  facing 
the  others,  sat  President  Dwight  of  Yale  University,  Ex-Presi- 
dent Hopkins  of  Williams  College,  Professor  Dana  of  Yale, 
and  Professor  Leidy  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
beyond  them  the  Poet.  Behind  these  rows,  on  either  side, 
the  other  guests  of  the  University  were  given  each  his  pre- 
determined seat;  and  behind  them,  on  the  extreme  parts 
of  the  stage,  the  Overseers  took  places  on  the  left,  and  the 


SKETCH  OF  THE  COMMEMORATION.  37 

Faculties  of  the  University  in  their  gowns  on  the  right.  The 
professors  wore  also  the  Oxford  cap  for  the  first  time  for 
many  years. 

It  was  a  little  after  eleven  o'clock  when  the  sheriff  of  Mid- 
dlesex, according  to  an  ancient  custom,  called  the  assembly 
to  order.  The  President  of  the  day,  Judge  Devens,  then 
stepped  to  the  desk  and  made  a  brief  speech  of  cohgratu- 
lation.  His  welcome  to  the  President  of  the  United  States 
was  followed  by  prolonged  cheers  and  applause,  during  which 
President  Cleveland  rose  and  repeatedly  bowed  to  the  assem- 
bly. Judge  Devens  closed  by  calling  upon  Professor  F.  G. 
Peabody  to  offer  prayer,  and  during  the  invocation  the  audi- 
ence stood. 

The  chorus  stationed  in  the  gallery  over  the  stage  then 
sang  Gounod's  "  Domine  Salvam  Fac." 

Judge  Devens  now  advanced  and  welcomed  the  Orator  to 
the  desk,  but  said  nothing,  nor  could  Mr.  Lowell  say  any- 
thing, for  the  continued  applause  which  kept  him  standing 
and  bowing  till  the  audience  seemed  at  last  satisfied  with  the 
ovation  which  was  given  this  eminent  graduate  and  professor 
of  the  College.  He  wore  the  academic  gown  of  his  position ; 
and  when  he  was  allowed  to  begin,  he  spoke  with  a  quiet  de- 
liberation which  characterized  his  delivery  throughout.  He 
was  frequently  interrupted  by  applause,  particularly  when  he 
made  reference  to  the  President  of  the  University,  and  to  the 
representative  of  Emmanuel  College ;  and  at  the  close  of  his 
oration,  when  he  took  his  seat  it  was  amid  the  most  enthusi- 
astic and  long-continued  demonstrations  of  approval,  which 
followed  upon  his  reference  to  the  President  of  the  United 
States. 

The  Anniversary  Chorus  in  the  gallery  now  sang  "  The 
Heavens  proclaim  Him,"  to  Beethoven's  music,  after  which 
Dr.  Holmes  was  given  his  place  at  the  desk  by  the  presiding 
officer  in  the  same  silent  manner.  The  Poet  wore  the  black 
gown  with  red  facings,  which  was  the  distinctive  dress  of  the 


38  SKETCH  OF  THE  COMMEMORATION. 

medical  Faculty.  Dr.  Holmes  was  frequently  interrupted  by 
applause,  as  the  Orator  had  been,  and  sat  down  amid  a  re- 
newal of  these  expressions  of  approbation  and  honor. 

After  the  Chorus  had  given  Luther's  hymn,  "  A  Mighty 
Fortress  is  our  God,"  an  expectant  silence  came  upon  the 
assembly.  President  Eliot  then  advanced  from  behind  the 
bar  where  the  Corporation  sat,  and  taking  seat  in  the  ancient 
chair  of  the  Presidents  said :  — 

In  the  name  of  the  University,  by  authority  committed  to 
me  by  the  President  and  Fellows  and  the  Board  of  Overseers, 
and  in  the  favoring  presence  of  the  nation's  Chief  Magistrate 
and  of  all  these  applauding  friends,  I  now  proceed  to  confer 
the  highest  distinctions  which  it  is  in  the  power  of  univer- 
sities to  give,  upon  the  following  men  who  have  won  for  them- 
selves renown  in  letters,  science,  the  learned  professions,  or 
the  public  service,  and  who  have  come  hither  to  take  part  in 
this  festival :  — 

GEORGE  DEXTER  ROBINSON,  upright  public  servant,  Governor  of 
the  beloved  Commonwealth  which  founded,  cherished,  and 
still  cherishes  the  University ; 

Lucius  QUINTIUS  CURTIUS  LAMAR,  teacher,  orator,  legislator, 
administrator ; 

GEORGE  FRISBIE  HOAR,  antiquarian,  orator,  jurist,  senator  from 
Massachusetts ; 

CHARLES  TAYLOR,  mathematician,  Semitic  scholar,  master  of  St. 
John's  College,  delegate  from  the  University  of  Cambridge ; 

MANDELL  CREIGHTON,  senior  fellow  of  Emmanuel  College,  pro- 
fessor of  ecclesiastical  history  in  the  University  of  Cambridge, 
canon  of  Worcester,  delegate  from  John  Harvard's  College, 
Emmanuel ; 

The  Eight  Honorable  Sir  LTON  PLATFAIR,  teacher  of  science, 
legislator,  delegate  from  the  University  of  Edinburgh  ; 

TIMOTHY  DWIGHT,  teacher,  preacher,  New  Testament  scholar, 
President  of  Yale  University  and  its  delegate ; 

EZEKIEL  GILMAN  KoBiNsoN,  metaphysician,  theologian,  orator, 
teacher,  President  of  Brown  University  and  its  delegate ; 


SKETCH  OF   THE  COMMEMORATION.  39 

JOSEPH  LEIDY,  anatomist,  biologist,  a  leader  and  exemplar  among 
American  naturalists,  professor  of  anatomy  in  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania  and  its  delegate ; 

CHARLES  KENDALL  ADAMS,  historical  author  and  teacher,  long 
professor  of  history  in  the  University  of  Michigan,  now  Presi- 
dent of  Cornell  University  and  its  delegate ; 

MARK  HOPKINS,  professor  of  moral  and  intellectual  philosophy 
in  Williams  College,  author  in  ethics  and  philosophy,  guide, 
friend,  and  teacher  for  two  generations  of  students ; 

FREDERIC  HENRY  HEDGE,  theologian,  teacher  of  ecclesiastical 
history,  master  of  German  literature  and  of  English  style, 
orator ; 

EDWARDS  AMASA  PARK,  professor  of  Christian  theology  in  An- 
dover  Seminary,  preacher,  master  of  Congregational  polity, 
theological  veteran ; 

WILLIAM  SEYMOUR  TYLER,  professor  of  Greek  in  Amherst  Col- 
lege, student  of  philology,  exponent  of  the  humanities  ; 

JONATHAN  INGERSOLL  BOWDITCH,  patron  of  science,  and  espe- 
cially of  astronomical  research,  giver  and  inciter  to  giving, 
public-spirited  citizen ; 

EDWARD  ELBRIDGE  SALISBURY,  long  professor  of  Arabic  and 
Sanskrit  in  Yale  University,  pioneer  among  American  scholars 
in  these  departments ; 

CHARLES  DEANE,  antiquary  and  historian,  a  master  among  stu- 
dents of  American  history ; 

JAMES  DWIGHT  DANA,  professor  of  geology  and  mineralogy  in 
Yale  University,  specialist  and  philosopher,  author  and 
teacher,  leader  and  exemplar  among  American  men  of 
science ; 

JAMES  HALL,  director  of  the  New  York  State  Geological  Cabinet, 
geologist  and  Nestor  of  American  palaeontologists  ; 

EOSWELL  DWIGHT  HITCHCOCK,  theologian,  professor  of  ecclesi- 
astical history,  President  of  the  Union  Theological  Seminary 
of  New  York  ; 

HENRY  DRISLER,  professor  of  Greek  in  Columbia  College,  lexi- 
cographer ; 

LINCOLN  FLAGG  BRIGHAM,  jurist,  chief  justice  of  the  Superior 
Court  of  Massachusetts ; 

THOMAS  MC!NTYRE  COOLEY,  professor  of  law  in  the  University 
of  Michigan,  judge,  jurist,  author,  and  teacher; 


40  SKETCH  OF  THE  COMMEMORATION. 

SPENCER  FULLERTON  BAIRD,  secretary  of  the  Smithsonian  Insti- 
tution, director  of  the  National  Museum,  United  States  fish 
commissioner,  promoter  of  zoological  science ; 

BASIL  LANNEAU  GILDERSLEEVE,  professor  of  Greek  in  Johns 
Hopkins  University,  editor,  author,  philologist; 

ASAPH  HALL,  professor  of  mathematics  in  the  United  States 
Navy,  mathematician,  and  astronomer; 

SILAS  WEIR  MITCHELL,  physician,  physiologist,  author ; 

HENRY  LARCOM  ABBOT,  colonel  of  United  States  engineers, 
military  engineer,  mathematician  and  physicist,  author  and 
teacher ; 

GEORGE  JARVIS  BRUSH,  professor  of  mineralogy  and  metallurgy 
in  Yale  University,  chief  officer  of  the  Sheffield  Scientific 
School,  mineralogist ; 

SAMUEL  PIERPONT  LANGLET,  director  of  the  Observatory  at 
Allegheny  City,  mathematician,  astronomer,  and  physicist ; 

JOHN  WESLEY  POWELL,  director  of  the  United  States  geological 
survey,  soldier,  geologist,  administrator; 

WALBRIDGE  ABNER  FIELD,  jurist,  justice  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Massachusetts ; 

JOHN  SHAW  BILLINGS,  surgeon  in  the  United  States  army,  stu- 
dent and  teacher  of  public  medicine,  medical  bibliographer  ; 

RODOLFO  LANCIANI,  professor  of  archaeology  in  the  University  of 
Home,  director  of  excavations  for  the  government  and  the  city 
and  of  the  Museo  Urbano,  archaeologist,  representative  of  the 
department  of  public  instruction  in  Italy ; 

OTHNIEL  CHARLES  MARSH,  professor  of  palaeontology  in  Yale 
University,  collector,  investigator,  and  author  in  palaeon- 
tology ;  — 

All  these  I  create  Doctors  of  Laws,  and  declare  them  en- 
titled to  all  the  rights,  honors,  and  privileges  of  that  degree. 

WILLIAM  DE  WITT  HYDE,  student  of  philosophy  and  ethics, 
preacher,  teacher,  President  of  Bowdoin  College  and  its 
delegate ; 

GEORGE  PARK  FISHER,  professor  of  ecclesiastical  history  in  Yale 
University,  historical  student,  teacher,  and  author ; 

EGBERT  COFFIN  SMYTH,  preacher,  theologian,  professor  of  ec- 
clesiastical history  in  the  Audover  Theological  Seminary ; 


SKETCH  OF  THE  COMMEMORATION.  41 

ALEXANDER  VIETS  GRISWOLD  ALLEN,  professor  of  ecclesiastical 
history  in  the  Episcopal  Theological  School  at  Cambridge, 
historian  of  Christian  doctrine;  — 

These  I  create  Doctors  of  Divinity,  and  declare  them  en- 
titled to  all  the  rights,  honors,  and  privileges  of  that  degree. 

By  authority  committed  to  me  by  the  President  and  Fel- 
lows, and  the  Board  of  Overseers,  I  also  confer  the  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Laws  upon  the  following  distinguished  men,  who 
are  prevented  by  distance  or  infirmity  from  attending  this 
Festival :  — 

MICHEL  EUGENE  CHEVRETTL,  French  chemist  and  physicist,  born 

in  1786,  and  still  in  activity ; 
THEODORE  DWIGHT  WOOLSET,  professor,  college  administrator, 

publicist ; 
JOHN  GREENLEAF  WHITTIER,  poet. 

After  the  conferring  of  the  degrees,  the  Rev.  Prof.  Andrew 
Preston  Peabody  pronounced  the  benediction.  The  audience 
then  dispersed. 

The  delay  in  the  early  part  of  the  day,  with  the  unexpected 
length  of  the  exercises  in  Sanders  Theatre,  shortened  the 
interval  between  the  close  of  the  ceremonies  in  Sanders 
Theatre  and  the  reforming  of  the  procession  at  Gore  Hall ; 
so  that  it  was  three  o'clock  instead  of  two,  as  planned, 
when  the  procession,  moving  by  the  shortest  route,  entered 
Memorial  Hall,  and  began  to  fill  the  tables  of  the  dining- 
hall.  A  contraction  of  the  tables  and  the  spaces  between 
them  allowed  of  1,190  persons  being  seated,  and  a  little 
before  half-past  three  o'clock  the  tables  were  filled,  and  the 
doors  closed. 

Upon  a  dais  extending  along  the  northern  side  of  the  hall 
was  the  table  of  the  President  of  the  Association  of  the 
Alumni,  with  the  guests  and  leading  officers  of  the  Univer- 
sity. On  his  right  was  the  President  of  the  University,  with 


42  SKETCH  OF  THE  COMMEMORATION. 

President  Dwight  of  Yale,  the  foreign  delegates,  and  others. 
On  his  left,  the  Governor  of  the  Commonwealth,  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States  and  the  gentlemen  of  the  Cabinet 
accompanying  him,  with  the  Hon.  Robert  C.  Winthrop,  the 
Orator  and  Poet,  and  others.  The  Rev.  Dr.  McKenzie  was 
called  upon  to  say  grace,  after  which  the  repast  went  on.  It 
was  later  interrupted  by  the  entrance  into  the  gallery  of  Mrs. 
Eliot,  escorted  by  two  marshals,  and  accompanied  by  Mrs. 
Cleveland  and  the  ladies  of  her  party,  who  came  from  the 
house  of  President  Eliot,  where  a  lunch  following  the  services 
in  Sanders  Theatre  had  been  given  to  Mrs.  Cleveland  and  the 
ladies  accompanying  her.  The  entrance  of  this  party  into 
the  gallery  was  the  signal  for  applause  and  cheers  from  the 
occupants  of  the  tables  below,  who  all  rose  simultaneously 
as  soon  as  the  visitors  were  recognized. 

A  little  later  a  rap  brought  the  assembly  to  order,  and 
President  Devens  opened  the  exercises  with  a  speech,  which 
with  those  that  followed  are  given  on  a  later  page.  There 
was  music  at  intervals  by  a  band  in  the  western  gallery,  and 
twice  the  company  joined  in  singing,  —  first  the  Hundredth 
Psalm,  and  next  the  familiar  "  Fair  Harvard."  The  en- 
thusiasm of  the  hour  rose  highest  when  Governor  Robinson 
in  his  speech  referred  to  President  Cleveland,  and  when 
that  distinguished  guest  rose  to  respond  to  a  sentiment  in 
his  honor. 

Shortly  after  his  address,  President  Cleveland  with  his 
Cabinet  being  about  to  leave,  —  as  engagements  made  for 
him  in  Boston  required  his  return  to  that  city,  —  President 
Devens  presented  to  the  company,  with  a  few  words  of  recog- 
nition in  each  case,  the  distinguished  gentlemen  accompanying 
Mr.  Cleveland;  but  there  was  no  time  for  them  to  do  more 
than  bow  in  acknowledgment  of  the  cheers  which  greeted 
their  names.  Mrs.  Cleveland  left  the  gallery  at  the  same 
time ;  and  as  she  and  her  attending  ladies  passed  out  above, 
and  as  President  Cleveland  with  the  members  of  his  Cabinet 


SKETCH   OF   THE  COMMEMORATION.  43 

left  the  hall  below,  the  same  rapturous  cheering  was  redoubled 
from  every  part  of  the  hall. 

President  Cleveland,  conducted  by  the  Chief  Marshal  and 
accompanied  by  Governor  Robinson,  was  not  readily  recog- 
nized on  emerging  from  the  building,  for  it  had  become  dark ; 
but  loud  and  prolonged  cheers  soon  announced  that  the  recog- 
nition was  made  by  the  immense  crowd  which  had  lingered 
on  the  outside  of  the  Hall.  The  President,  whose  departure 
was  announced  by  renewed  salutes  from  the  guns  on  the 
common,  was  driven  at  once  to  Boston ;  but  Mrs.  Cleveland 
was  taken  by  Mrs.  Eliot  to  her  house,  where  for  an  hour 
or  more  the  ladies  of  the  invited  guests  and  those  of  the 
families  of  officers  of  the  University  were  presented  to  Mrs. 
Cleveland. 

At  the  close  of  the  speaking  in  the  dining-hall  President 
Devens  said :  "  Brethren,  as  we  are  about  to  adjourn,  I  desire 
to  express  the  thanks  of  the  Committee  of  Arrangements  to 
the  marshals.  It  has  been  pleasant  to  recognize  in  the  list 
so  many  names  honored  in  the  history  of  the  University  ;  and 
especially  we  desire  to  remember  the  Chief  Marshal  [applause 
and  shouts],  in  whose  veins  flows  the  blood  of  John  Cotton 
and  Governor  Bradstreet  and  other  Puritan  worthies,  and  you 
will  agree  with  me  that  he  has  not  lost  any  of  the  Puritan 
energy  or  spirit.  I  propose  three  cheers  for  Colonel  Lee." 
The  cheers  were  enthusiastically  given,  and  the  great  com- 
pany dispersed. 

At  this  point  that  part  of  the  celebration  specially  intrusted 
to  the  direction  of  the  Alumni  closed. 

The  management  of  the  day  had  fortunately  been  committed 
to  good  hands.  The  Chief  Marshal,  HENRY  LEE,  had  so  care- 
fully considered  the  elements  which  he  was  to  combine,  and 
had  so  weighed  the  chances,  —  in  which  the  weather  was  not 
an  unimportant  factor,  —  that  the  results  justified  his  plans. 
He  was  assisted  by  the  following  marshals :  — 


44  SKETCH  OF  THE  COMMEMORATION. 

CHARLES  FOLSOM  WALCOTT,  '57.  CHARLES  HOWLAND  RUSSELL,  72. 

A.  J.  C.  SOWDON,  '57.  ALFRED  DWIGHT  FOSTER,  '73. 

ALFRED  STEDMAN  HARTWELL,  '58.  WENDELL  GOODWIN,  74. 

CHARLES  FAIRCHILD,  '58.  HENRY  LEE  MORSE,  74. 

WILLIAM  WILLARD  SWAN,  '59.  ROBERT  HALLOWELL  GARDINER,  '76. 

HENRY  STURGIS  RUSSELL,  '60.  ELLIOT  CABOT  LEE,  '76. 

THOMAS  SHERWIN,  '60.  SIGOURNEY  BUTLER,  '77. 

NORWOOD  PENROSE  HALLOWELL,  '61.  STEPHEN  BULLARD,  '78. 

ARTHUR  AMORY,  '62.  RICHARD  MIDDLECOTT  SALTONSTALL,  '80. 

FRANCIS  LEE  HIGGINSON,  '63.  HENRY  BAINBRIDGE  CHAPIN,  '80. 

JOHN  WINTHROP,  '63.  ROBERT  BACON,  '80. 

CHARLES  COOLIDGE  READ,  '64.  GARDINER  MARTIN  LANE,  '81. 

THOMAS  FRANKLIN  BROWNELL,  '65.  EDWARD  WILLIAMS  ATKINSON,  '81. 

THOMAS  NELSON,  '66.  OWEN  WISTER,  '82. 

SAMUEL  HOAR,  '67.  EDWARD  TWISLETON  CABOT,  '83. 

CHARLES  TAYLOR  LOVERING,  '68.  WILLIAM  HENRY  ASPINWALL,  '83. 

FREDERICK  CHEEVER  SHATTUCK,  '68.  SAMUEL  ATKINS  ELIOT,  '84. 

FRANCIS  HENRY  APPLETON,  '69.  THOMAS  MOTT  OSBORNE,  '84. 

GEORGE  RICHARDS  MINOT,  '71.  JOHN  ELIOT  THAYER,  '85. 
GEORGE  CASPAR  ADAMS,  '86. 

Colonel  Lee,  November  10,  addressing  a  letter  to  his  mar- 
shals said :  "  You  know,  and  I  know,  how  much  you  had  to 
do  with  the  success  of  the  day  by  carrying  out  my  plans 
promptly  and  perfectly ;  and  I  desire  herein  to  record  my 
hearty  thanks  to  each  and  all  of  you." 

Mr.  Henry  Parkman,  the  chief  secretary  of  the  Executive 
Committee,  and  the  Finance  Committee,  of  which  the  treas- 
urer Charles  C.  Jackson,  and  his  faithful  helper  "William 
Farns worth  were  the  main  instruments,  did  not  fail  in  their 
important  functions.  The  Finance  Committee  through  the 
treasurer  received  altogether  from  class  subscriptions  the 
sum  of  $7,330.50;  from  collation  tickets,  $2,176,  and  from 
lunch  tickets,  $144.50,  —  making  a  total  receipt  of  $9,651 ; 
and  after  paying  expenses  there  was  a  small  balance,  which 
was  paid  into  the  treasury  of  the  Alumni  Association. 

The  government  of  the  University  recorded  their  appre- 
ciation of  the  manner  in  which  much  of  the  detailed  work 
in  Cambridge  was  done,  when  at  a  later  day  they 


SKETCH   OF  THE  COMMEMORATION.  45 

Voted,  That  the  thanks  of  the  President  and  Fellows  be  given 
to  Allen  Danforth,  Bursar  of  the  University,  for  the  highly 
satisfactory  manner  in  which  he  performed  the  large  amount  of 
work,  quite  outside  of  his  regular  functions,  which  was  thrown 
upon  him  in  connection  with  the  recent  celebration. 

The  Committee  of  Arrangements  held  their  last  meeting 
Jan.  15,  1887,  when  they  closed  their  labors,  and  voted  to 
deposit  their  records  among  the  University  Archives  in  Gore 
Hall.1  A  committee,  under  the  chairmanship  of  Mr.  John  C. 
Ropes,  was  directed  to  draft  letters  of  thanks  to  be  sent  to  all 
gentlemen  whose  countenance  and  endeavors  had  contributed 
to  the  successful  progress  of  the  celebration.  These  letters 
were  duly  sent ;  and  they  included  recognition  of  the  services 
of  the  Orator,  the  Poet,  the  President  of  the  Alumni,  the 
President  of  the  University,  the  Chief  Marshal,  Mr.  Henry  L. 
Higginson  (who  had  generously  borne  the  expense  of  the 
concert),  the  Bursar  of  the  College  (who  had  exercised  a 
large  control  over  the  arrangements  in  Cambridge),  the 
Mayor  of  Cambridge  (who  had  furnished  the  police),  Charles 
C.  Jackson  and  William  Farnsworth  (who  had  carried  the 
burden  of  the  financial  management),  and  the  two  secretaries 
of  the  Committee. 

During  the  early  hours  of  the  evening  of  the  last  day  many 
of  the  alumni  left  Cambridge  to  attend  reunions  of  their 
classes  in  Boston;  but  a  large  number  remained  to  partake 
of  the  hospitalities  of  the  combined  Faculties  of  the  Univer- 
sity, who  were  announced  to  receive  the  invited  guests  and 
the  alumni  at  Hemenway  Gymnasium.  The  guests  came  and 
went  during  the  evening,  and  it  was  near  midnight  when 
this  last  of  the  festivities  was  over.  This  reception  was  in 
charge  of  a  Committee  consisting  of  Professors  J.  LAWRENCE 
LAUGHLIN,  JAMES  B.  GREENOUGH,  JOHN  TROWBRIDGE,  JAMES 
B.  THAYER,  and  HENRY  P.  BOWDITCH. 

1  They  were  received  Feb.  5,  1887. 


46  SKETCH  OF  THE  COMMEMORATION. 

Meanwhile  the  undergraduates,  who  had  not  been  able  be- 
cause of  the  rain  to  march  with  their  torches  and  to  display 
their  fireworks  on  Saturday  evening,  were  enjoying  a  post- 
poned merriment  out  of  doors. 

Their  procession  started  at  about  half-past  eight,  the  Sen- 
iors leading,  under  the  direction  of  H.  W.  Keyes,  W.  A. 
Brooks,  and  F.  S.  Coolidge,  who  were  mounted  as  marshals. 
The  class  was  dressed  in  long  red  gowns  and  black  Oxford 
caps.  They  bore  with  them  on  a  dray  one  of  the  cleverest 
bits  of  their  pleasantry,  —  a  model  of  the  Harvard  statue,  sup- 
ported by  the  burlesque  personations  of  a  butcher,  a  cooper, 
and  a  grocer,  in  allusion  to  the  father  and  two  step-fathers  of 
John  Harvard,  who  successively  left  their  little  fortunes  to 
his  mother,  whence  the  accumulated  property  in  the  main 
passed  to  John  Harvard,  who  with  the  moiety  of  it  endowed 
the  infant  college.  The  group  was  called  "  Johnnie  Harvard's 
Pa's."  Upon  this  and  the  other  groups  and  decorations  of 
the  procession  was  thrown  a  flood  of  light  from  a  profusion  of 
Roman  candles  and  other  fireworks.  An  old  printing-press 
was  carried  upon  a  wagon,  and  served  by  an  Indian,  in  allu- 
sion to  the  printing  of  Eliot's  Indian  Bible  at  the  College 
Press ;  while  two  printer's  devils,  in  red  tights,  with  long 
tails,  distributed  little  handbills,  on  one  side  of  which  was  a 
fac-simile  of  the  titlepage  of  the  Indian  Bible,  and  on  the 
reverse  these  two  stanzas  : — 


By  what  means  may  a  young  man  best 

His  life  learne  to  amend  ? 
If  that  he  make  and  keep  God's  word 

And  therein  his  time  spend. 

PSA.LM  cxix. 

Ye  Indians  who  receive  the  word, 

Come,  read  it  one  and  all ; 
You  '11  find  it  in  ye  Library 

In  Master  Gore  his  Hall. 

WOWA.US,  alias  JAMES  PRINTER, 


SKETCH  OF  THE  COMMEMORATION.  47 

The  representatives  of  the  different  college  newspapers 
came  next.  Those  of  "The  Crimson"  were  all  dressed  in 
the  costume  adopted  by  their  class,  but  with  a.  quill  over  the 
ear  and  scissors  dangling  at  the  belt  as  insignia  of  their  edi- 
torial station.  Those  who  represented  "  The  Lampoon  "  were 
dressed  as  jesters,  with  cap  and  bells  and  bawbles. 

A  squad  of  Puritans,  with  sugar-loaf  hats  and  knee-breeches, 
came  next ;  and  they  gave  at  times  a  peculiar  cheer.  A  small 
body  of  students  imitating  the  old  "  Washington  Corps," 
with  blue  swallow-tailed  coats  and  white  small-clothes,  fol- 
lowed. The  Juniors,  with  C.  F.  Adams  3d,  J.  W.  Apple- 
ton,  and  C  A.  Porter  as  marshals,  wore  red  coats  with 
blue  facings,  buff  vests  crossed  by  blue  belts,  buff  knee- 
breeches  and  black  hose,  and  black  and  buff  cocked-hats. 
With  this  class  was  a  group  of  past  benefactors  and  notables 
of  the  college,  among  whom  were  Sam  Adams,  Count  Rum- 
ford,  Boylston,  Gore,  Hollis,  Stoughton,  Holworthy,  Flint, 
and  Quincy,  together  with  the  solitary  Indian  graduate,  Caleb 
Cheeshahteaumuck,  of  the  class  of  1665. 

A  flambeaux  corps  led  the  Sophomores,  who,  under  the 
direction  of  P.  D.  Trafford,  J.  T.  Davis,  and  G.  T.  Keyes,  fol- 
lowed, dressed  as  the  "  dudes  of  1833,"  —  a  gray  cutaway, 
plug  hat,  white  vest,  buff  trousers,  and  white  gaiters. 

Then  came  the  Commencement  Day  Police,  —  a  reminder 
of  an  organization  of  the  early  part  of  the  century,  —  with 
false  beards,  clubs,  and  plug  hats. 

An  old-fashioned  stage-coach,  drawn  by  six  horses,  was 
filled  inside  and  outside  with  a  motley  crowd,  costumed  in 
the  dress  of  the  middle  of  the  last  century. 

The  Freshmen,  marshalled  by  H.  H.  Hunnewell,  Jr., 
Arthur  Amory,  and  James  P.  Hutchinson,  wore  the  blue 
regimentals  of  the  Civil  War.  Amid  their  ranks  came  the 
Navy  Club,  —  a  recollection  of  the  first  years  of  the  present 
century,  when  an  association  of  such  a  kind  was  made  up  of 
the  lazier  men  in  the  class,  with  the  laziest  of  all  as  high 


48  SKETCH  OF  THE  COMMEMORATION. 

admiral.  This  supreme  sluggard  lay  on  a  red  divan,  dressed 
in  an  admiral's  uniform. 

A  colossal  image  of  the  Mott  Haven  Cup,  drawn  on  a 
dray,  supported  by  J.  M.  Hallowell  of  '88  and  H.  D.  Hale  of 
'88,  came  next. 

The  Drum  Corps  of  the  Law  School  in  policeman's  uni- 
form, led  by  James  A.  Frye  as  drum-major,  and  "  drumming 
for  clients,"  as  their  transparency  declared,  preceded  the  stu- 
dents of  that  department,  who,  clad  in  the  crimson  gowns, 
the  ermine  and  the  wig  of  the  English  courts,  were  officered 
by  Joseph  Lee,  H.  B.  Cabot,  H.  M.  Williams,  and  R.  D.  Smith 
as  marshals,  and  bore  various  transparencies  of  punning  pro- 
clivities, as  where  "  Circuity  of  Action  "  was  represented  by  a 
corporal's  arm  around  a  trim  maiden's  waist. 

The  procession  was  two  hours  on  the  march,  and  the  streets 
through  which  it  passed  were  aglow  with  lanterns  and  Bengal- 
lights. 

When  reaching  Jarvis  Field  there  was  a  display  of  fire- 
works, principal  among  which  was  a  representation  of  the 
statue  of  John  Harvard,  standing  in  the  midst  of  a  gorgeous 
temple. 

The  provisions  made  for  the  entertainment  of  the  invited 
guests  of  the  University  will  appear  from  the  following  state- 
ments, included  in  the  report  of  the  Committee  of  the  Aca- 
demic Council  on  Hospitality,  —  Professors  JOHN  WILLIAMS 
WHITE,  WILLIAM  E.  BYERLY,  and  FRANK  W.  TAUSSIG. 

QUESTS.  HOSTS. 

President  C.  K.  ADAMS  (Cornell  Univ.)  .  Mr.  WINSOR,  the  Librarian. 
President  J.  B.  ANGELL  (  Univ.  of  Michigan)  "  " 

President  F.  A.   P.  BARNARD  (Columbia 

College) Professor  LAUGHLIN. 

President    S.   C.    BARTLETT    (Dartmouth 

College) Professor  LYON. 

President  J.  W.  BEACH  (Wesleyan  Univ.)     GEORGE  PUTNAM,  Esq. 
Dr.  JOHN  S.  BILLINGS  (Surgeon  U.  S.  A.)     Dr.  H.  P.  WOLCOTT. 
President   EZRA   BRAINARD   (Middlebury 

College) Professor  EMERTON. 


SKETCH  OF  THE  COMMEMORATION.  49 

GUESTS.  HOSTS. 

Professor  GEORGE  J.  BRUSH  (Yale  Univ.)  .    Professor  COOKE. 
President  MATTHEW  H.  BUCKHAM  ( Univ. 

of  Vermont) Professor  DAVIS. 

President   FRANKLIN  CARTER   (Williams 

College) H.  E.  SCUDDER,  Esq. 

Professor     GEORGK    C.     CHASE     (Bates 

College) Professor  GREENOUGH. 

Professor  THOMAS  M.  COOLEY  (Univ.  of 

Michigan) Professor  LANGDELL. 

Professor  MANDELL  CREIGHTON  (Emman-  (  President  ELIOT. 

uel  College,  Cambridge,  Eng.)    .     .     .  (.  Professor  NORTON. 
Professor  JAMES  D.  DANA  (Yale  Univ.)    .     Professor  COOKE. 
President  TIMOTHY  DWIGHT  (Yale  Univ.)     Professor  J.  H.  THAYER. 
Professor  GEO.  P.  FISHER  (Yale  Univ.)     .     President  ELIOT. 
President  D.  C.  GILMAN   (Johns  Hopkins 

Univ.) Professor  TROWBRIDGE. 

Professor  As APH  HALL  ( U.  S.  Nat.  Obser- 
vatory)       Professor  BYERLY. 

JAMES  HALL  (Curator  State  Mus.  of  Nat. 

Hist.,  Albany) Professor  LOVERING. 

President  R.  D.  HITCHCOCK  ( Union  Theol. 

Sem.) Professor  J.  H.  THAYER. 

President  W.  D.  HYDE  (Bowdoin  College)     Professor  PALMER. 
Professor  S.  P.  LANGLEY  (Allegheny  Coll.)     Professor  PICKERING. 
Professor   JOSEPH    LEIDY   (University  of 

Penn.) Professor  SMITH. 

Professor  O.  C.  MARSH  (Yale  Univ.)     .     .     Mr.  AGASSIZ. 
President  JAMES  Me  COSH  (College  of  New 

Jersey) Professor  F.  G.  PEABODY. 

Dr.  SILAS  WEIR  MITCHELL  (Philadelphia)    Mr.  AGASSIZ. 
Professor  EDWARDS  A.   PARK   (Andover 

Theol.  Sem.) Rev.  Dr.  McKENZiE. 

President  G.  D.  B.  PEPPER  (Colby  Univ.)    Professor  GREENOUGH. 
Major  J.  W.   POWELL   (£7".  S.  Geological 

Survey) Professor  SHALER. 

FRANCIS   R.   RIVES   (Delegate    University 

of  Va.) Professor  AMES. 

President  E.  G.   ROBINSON   (Brown  Uni- 
versity)       Professor  A.  P.  PEABODY. 

President  G.  W.  SMITH  (Trinity  College)    Rev.  WILLIAM  LAWRENCE. 
Professor  EGBERT  C.    SMYTH    (Andover 

Theol.  Sem.) Professor  PALMER. 

Rev.  Dr.  CHARLES  TAYLOR  (Master  of  St. 

John's  College,  Cambridge,  Eng.)    .     .     President  ELIOT. 

4 


50  SKETCH  OF  THE  COMMEMORATION. 

The  following  guests  and  delegates,  whose  presence  was 
hoped  for,  but  who  were  prevented  from  attending,  were 
offered  hospitality  by  the  persons  named  :  — 

GUESTS.  HOSTS. 

Professor  HENRY  L.  CHAPMAN  (Bowdoin  Coll.)  .  Professor  SHELDON. 

HENRY  C.  LEA  (Philadelphia) Professor  LOVERING. 

The  Rev.  Father  EDW.  H.  WELCH  (Holy  Cross) .  Rev.  J.  H.  ALLEN. 

President  JULIUS  H.  SEELYE  (Amherst  Coll.)     .  Professor  PALMER. 

Delegates  sent  by  institutions  not  already  mentioned  re- 
ceived hospitality  from  the  gentlemen  named :  — 

GUESTS.  HOSTS. 

Professor  A.  T.  KELSEY  (Hamilton  Coll.)  .     .     .  Professor  SEARLE. 

Professor  C.  H.  F.  PETERS  (Hamilton  Coll.)    .     .  Mr.  EDMANDS. 

NELSON  L.  ROBINSON  (St.  Lawrence  Univ.)   .     .  Professor  TAUSSIG. 

FREDERICK  S.  LEE,  Ph.D.,  (St.  Lawrence  Univ.)  .  Professor  TAUSSIO. 

Professor  MAURICE  PERKINS  (Union  College)      .  Professor  ASA  GRAY. 

During  the  celebration  there  was  stretched  across  one  end 
of  the  interior  of  Gore  Hall  the  flag  bearing  the  Seal  of  the 
College,  which  was  displayed  from  the  top  of  the  pavilion  in 
which  the  dinner  was  served  at  the  celebration  in  1836.  In 
a  case  was  shown  the  silver  pitcher,  lent  by  the  owner,  which 
was  given  to  Mr.  Thomas  Boyd,  the  contractor  for  raising 
that  pavilion. 

There  was  also  exposed  to  view  the  original  Charter  of 
the  College,  1650,  of  which  a  reduced  fac-simile  is  given  in 
the  present  volume.  The  institution  had  been  administered 
previous  to  that  date  under  votes  of  the  Legislature.  The 
earliest  Record  Book  of  the  College  was  opened  at  the  page 
showing  the  first  design  for  the  College  Seal,  and  a  fac-simile 
of  this  page  is  given  in  the  frontispiece  of  the  present  volume. 
The  other  illustrations  of  this  volume  are  drawn  from  two 
views  of  the  college  yard,  painted  in  1821  by  Alvan  Fisher, 
and  preserved  in  the  Faculty  Room  in  University  Hall. 

The  only  book  of  John  Harvard's  library,  bequeathed  in 
1638  by  him  to  the  College,  and  of  which  a  list  is  preserved 


£       O 

-        — 


_- 


SKETCH  OF  THE  COMMEMORATION.  51 

in  the  College  Records,  was  also  placed  on  exhibition.  It  is 
supposed  to  have  been  in  the  hands  of  a  borrower  at  the  time 
the  College  Library  was  burned  in  1764,  and  so  escaped  de- 
struction. It  is  Downame's  "  Christian  Warfare  against  the 
Devil,  World,  and  Flesh,"  in  folio,  London,  1634. 

The  Bible  of  President  Dunster  was  likewise  shown.  It 
is  the  property  of  the  College.  This  anniversary  was  also 
chosen  by  the  Rev.  Samuel  Dunster,  of  Attleborough  Falls, 
Mass.,  and  his  son  Professor  E.  S.  Dunster  (class  of  1856), 
now  of  the  University  of  Michigan, — descendants  of  the  first 
President, — to  leave  with  the  College  Library  various  original 
letters  and  other  manuscripts  of  Henry  Dunster,  as  well  as  a 
silver  porringer  used  by  him  and  marked  Hi,E-,  —  Henry  and 
Elizabeth  Dunster,  his  wife. 

The  oldest  living  graduate  of  the  College  at  the  time 
of  the  celebration  sent  the  following  message  to  his  Alma 
Mater :  — 

"  Dr.  William  Perry,  of  Exeter,  Class  of  1811,  the  oldest  of 
the  Harvard  boys,  sends  his  kindest  greeting  to  the  Alumni,  and 
best  wishes  for  the  prosperity  of  old  Harvard." 

Dr.  Perry  has  since  died,  Jan.  11, 1887,  aged  ninety-eight. 
He  had  been  the  senior  of  the  graduates  since  the  death,  in 
1882,  of  Joseph  Head,  of  the  Class  of  1804.  Mr.  William  R. 
Sever,  of  Kingston,  of  the  same  Class  of  1811,  is  now  the 
oldest  living  graduate  of  the  College.  He  sent  his  autograph 
to  be  kept  among  those  present  at  the  Two  Hundred  and 
Fiftieth  Anniversary. 


THE  LAW  SCHOOL  DAY. 


THE  LAW  SCHOOL  DAY. 

NOVEMBER  5,  1886. 


IN  July,  1886,  a  few  graduates  of  the  Harvard  Law  School 
met  in  Boston  to  consider  the  advisability  of  forming 
an  Association  of  the  past  members  of  the  School.  It  was 
felt  that  such  an  organization,  if  effective,  could,  by  promot- 
ing the  interests  and  increasing  the  usefulness  of  the  School, 
advance  the  cause  of  legal  education ;  that  the  Association 
would  be  of  benefit  to  its  own  members  by  promoting  mutual 
acquaintance  among  them ;  and  that  the  approaching  two 
hundred  and  fiftieth  anniversary  of  the  founding  of  Har- 
vard College  presented  a  fitting  occasion  for  inaugurating  the 
Association.  The  meeting  appointed  a  committee  on  organi- 
zation, who  entered  into  communication  with  past  members 
of  the  School,  resident  in  different  parts  of  the  United 
States  and  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada.  The  interest  in 
the  proposed  Association  proved  to  be  general,  and  Sept.  23, 
1886,  a  largely  attended  meeting  was  held  in  Boston  at 
which  the  organization  was  perfected,  and  the  following 
committees  were  appointed  to  arrange  for  an  oration  and 
a  dinner  to  be  given  at  Cambridge  Nov.  5,  1886,  and  to 
nominate  a  list  of  officers  for  the  Association.  The  meet- 
ing then  adjourned  to  meet  at  Austin  Hall  in  Cambridge, 
Nov.  5,  1886. 


56  THE    LAW    SCHOOL    DAY. 


Committee  of  $trrangement$. 

ROBERT  M.  MORSE,  JR.,  '60,  Boston,  CHAIRMAN. 

RODERICK  E.  ROMBATJER,  LL.B.    ...  '58  ...  St.  Louis. 

SOLOMON  LINCOLN,  LL.B '64-  .     .     .  Boston. 

CHARLES  C.  BEAMAN '65  ...  New  York. 

ROBERT  T.  LINCOLN '65  ...  Chicago. 

GEORGE  G.  CROCKER,  LL.B '66  ...  Boston. 

FRANK  W.  HACKETT '66  ...  Washington. 

HENRY  M.  ROGERS,  LL.B '67  ...  Boston. 

JAMES  J.  MYERS,  LL.B 72  ...  Cambridge. 

FRANCIS  RAWLE,  LL.B 71  ...  Philadelphia. 

ORVILLE  D.  BAKER,  LL.B 72  ...  Augusta,  Me. 

JOSEPH  D.  BRANNAN,  LL.B 72  ...  Cincinnati. 

WILLIAM  W.  VAUGHAN,  LL.B.      ...  73  ...  Cambridge. 

CHARLES  J.  BONAPARTE,  LL.B.      ...  74  ...  Baltimore. 

T.  CARLETON  ALLEN,  LL.B 74  ...  Fredericton,  N.  R 

JABEZ  Fox,  LL.B 75  ...  Cambridge. 

RICHARD  H.  DANA,  LL.B 77  ...  Boston. 

ABBOTT  LAWRENCE  LOWELL,  LL.B.   .     .  '80  .     .     .  Boston. 

WARREN  K.  BLODGETT,  JR.,  LL.B.    .     .  '81  .    .     .  Cambridge. 

WILLIAM  SCIIOFIELD,  LL.B '83  ...  Cambridge. 

SHERMAN  HOAR '84  ...  Waltliam,  Mass. 


Committee  on  Domination  of  Officer*. 

DARWIN  E.  WARE,  LL.B.,  '55,  Boston,  CHAIRMAN. 

EDWARD  L.  PIERCE,  LL.B '52  ...  Boston. 

ADDISON  BROWN,  LL.B '55  ...  New  York. 

ROBERT  R.  BISHOP,  LL.B '57  ...  Boston. 

MOORFIELD  STOREY '67  ...  Boston. 

GEORGE  V.  LEVERETT,  LL.B '69  ...  Boston. 

JOHN  WOODBURY  .  .  '83  .  Boston. 


On  the  llth  of  October,  1886,  the  following  letter  was 
issued  by  the  Committee  of  Arrangements,  in  response  to 
which  about  four  hundred  graduates  and  past  members  of 
the  Harvard  Law  School  attended  the  meeting  and  celebra- 
tion of  Nov.  5, 1886. 


THE    LAW    SCHOOL    DAY.  57 


HARVARD  LAW  SCHOOL  ASSOCIATION. 

BOSTON,  Oct.  11,  1886. 

DEAR  SIR, —  At  a  meeting  of  about  one  hundred  and  fifty 
former  members  of  the  Harvard  Law  School,  held  in  Boston 
September  23,  preliminary  steps  were  taken  for  the  organization 
of  the  HARVARD  LAW  SCHOOL  ASSOCIATION. 

At  this  meeting  a  Constitution  was  adopted,  and  it  was  voted 
that  the  first  general  meeting  of  the  Association  for  the  election 
of  officers  should  be  held  Friday,  November  5,  at  Cambridge,  to 
be  followed  by  an  oration  and  a  dinner  on  the  same  afternoon. 

A  Committee  on  Nominations  and  a  Committee  of  Arrange- 
ments were  appointed  to  prepare  for  the  meeting  in  November. 
Lists  of  these  committees  and  the  Constitution  are  appended. 

Louis  D.  Brandeis,  of  Boston,  was  chosen  secretary,  and  Win- 
throp  H.  Wade,  of  Boston,  was  chosen  treasurer,  to  hold  office 
till  the  November  meeting. 

The  Committee  of  Arrangements  are  now  able  to  announce 
that  the  oration  will  be  delivered  on  the  afternoon  of  Novem- 
ber 5,  by  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,  Jr.,  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Judicial  Court  of  Massachusetts,  LL.B.,  '66.  After  the  oration 
the  dinner  will  be  served  either  in  the  new  Law  School  Building 
or  in  Memorial  Hall.  James  C.  Carter,  LL.B.,  '53,  of  the  New 
York  Bar,  is  expected  to  preside  at  the  dinner,  and  there  will  be 
brief  addresses  by  distinguished  members  of  the  Association  and 
invited  guests.  The  price  of  dinner  tickets  will  be  $2.50.  The 
Committee  earnestly  request  you  to  fill  out  and  mail  the  enclosed 
postal  card  at  once,  and  to  send  the  names  and  addresses  of  as 
many  graduates  and  former  students  of  the  Law  School  as  you 
can  to  the  same  address. 

The  date,  November  5,  was  fixed  with  especial  reference  to 
the  celebration  of  the  two  hundred  and  fiftieth  anniversary  of 
the  founding  of  Harvard  College,  to  which  the  6th,  7th,  and  8th 
days  of  November  are  to  be  exclusively  devoted. 

The  Committee  hope  that  you  may  find  it  convenient  at  this 
time  to  revisit  the  scenes  of  your  professional  study,  to  meet 
your  fellow-students,  and  to  inspect  Austin  Hall,  the  present 
home  of  the  Law  School. 

They  respectfully  suggest,  also,  that  the  prosperity  of  the 
Harvard  Law  School  Association  will  largely  depend  upon  the 


58  THE    LAW    SCHOOL   DAY. 

success  of  its  first  meeting;  and  it  is  the  opinion  of  all  those 
who  have  interested  themselves  in  its  formation,  that  the  Asso- 
ciation, if  successful,  will  exert  a  powerful  influence  in  increasing 
the  prosperity  and  usefulness  of  the  School. 

The  Committee  ask,  therefore,  for  the  hearty  co-operation  of 
all,  and  especially  of  those  who  live  at  a  distance  from  Boston, 
in  order  that  all  parts  of  the  country  may  be  well  represented 
at  the  meeting. 

By  the  Committee  of  Arrangements, 

EGBERT  M.  MOUSE,  JR., 

Chairman. 

OFFICERS    OF    THE    HARVARD    LAW    SCHOOL 
ASSOCIATION, 

Elected  at  the  meeting  in  Cambridge,  November  5,  1886, 


Hon.  JAMES  C.  CARTER,  LL.B.,  ....    '53    ...    New  York. 


Hon.  WILLIAM  PRESTON,  LL.B  .....  '38  ...  Kentucky. 

Hon.  WILLIAM  M.  EVARTS      .....  '39  ...  New  York. 

Hon.  MARCUS  MORTON,  LL.B  .....  '40  ...  Massachusetts. 

Hon.  CHARLES  S.  BRADLEY     .....  '41  ...  Rhode  Island. 

Hon.  OGDEN  HOFFMAN,  LL.B  .....  '42  ...  California. 

Hon.  ALEXANDER  R.  LAWTON,  LL.B.  .     .  '42  .     .    .  Georgia. 

Hon.  JOHN  A.  PETERS   .......  '44  ...  Maine. 

Hon.  RUTHERFORD  B.  HAYES,  LL.B.  .    .  '45  .    .    .  Ohio. 

Hon.  JOHN  LOWELL,  LL.B  ......  '45  .    .    .  Massachusetts. 

Hon.  HENRY  C.  SEMPLE,  LL.B  .....  '45  ...  Alabama. 

Hon.  MANNING  F.  FORCE,  LL.B.     .         .  '48  ...  Ohio. 

Hon.  ARTHUR  W.  MACHEN,  LL.B.  ...  '51  ...  Maryland. 

Hon.  ALFRED  RUSSELL,  LL.B  .....  '52  ...  Michigan. 

Hon.  JAMES  B.  EUSTIS,  LL.B  .....  '54  ...  Louisiana. 

Hon.  JEREMIAH  SMITH  .......  '61  ...  New  Hampshire. 

Hon.  GEORGE  B.  YOUNG,  LL.B.      ...  '63  ...  Minnesota. 

Hon.  ANDREW  ALLISON,  LL.B  .....  '65  ...  Tennessee. 

Hon.  ROBERT  T.  LINCOLN  ......  '65  ...  Illinois. 

Hon.  JOHN  H.  OVERALL,  LL.B.      .     .     .  '67  .    .     .  Missouri. 

Hon.  HUGH  MCDONALD  HENRY,  LL.B.    .  '73  .    .    .  Nova  Scotia. 


THE    LAW    SCHOOL    DAY. 


(ftnmcil. 

FOR  FOUR  YEARS. 

Hon.  JAMES  M.  BARKER '63    ..    Pittsfield,  Mass. 

JOHN  L.  THORNDIKE,  LL.B '68    ..    Boston,  Mass. 

WILLIAM  SCHOFIELD,  LL.B '83    ..     Cambridge,  Mass. 

FOR  THREE   YEARS. 

THEODORE  H.  TYNDALE,  LL.B '68    ..    Boston,  Mass. 

Hon.  PATRICK  A.  COLLINS,  LL.B.  .     .    .    71    .    .    Boston,  Mass. 
FREDERICK  P.  FISH 76    ..    Cambridge,  Mass. 

FOR  TWO  YEARS. 

Hon.  FRANK  P.  GOULDING '66    ..    Worcester,  Mass. 

SAMUEL  B.  CLARKE,  LL.B 76    ..    New  York,  N.  Y. 

ABBOTT  LAWRENCE  LOWELL,  LL.B.    .    .    '80    .    .    Boston,  Mass. 

FOR  ONE   YEAR. 

Hon.  ARTHUR  L.  HUNTINGTON,  LL.B.     .    74    .    .    Salem,  Mass. 

FREDERICK  C.  S.  BARTLETi1 77    •    •    New  Bedford,  Mass. 

SHERMAN  HOAR '84    ..    Waltham,  Mass. 

WINTHROP  H.  WADE,  LL.B. .....    '84    ..    Boston,  Mass. 

Louis  D.  BRANDEIS,  LL.B 77    •    .    Boston,  Mass. 

The  Committee  of  Arrangements  having  charge  of  the 
celebration  of  the  day  made  choice  of  a  chief-marshal,  who 
selected  his  own  aids : 

CHIEF-MARSHAL. 

ROGER  WOLCOTT,  LL.B 74    ....    Boston. 

AIDS. 

CHARLES  C.  READ,  LL.B '67  ....  Cambridge. 

TIMOTHY  J.  DACEY,  LL.B 71  ....  Boston. 

AUSTEN  G.  Fox,  LL.B 71  ....  New  York. 

HENRY  G.  PICKERING,  LL.B 71  ....  Boston. 

LAURISTON  L.  SCAIFE 71  ....  Boston. 

WILLIAM  F.  WHARTON,  LL.B 73  ....  Boston. 

EDWARD  W.  HUTCHINS,  LL.B 75  ....  Boston. 

GEORGE  WIGGLESWORTH,  LL.B 78  ....  Boston. 

WILLIAM  A.  GASTON '82  ....  Boston. 

FELIX  RACKEMANN '83  ....  Milton. 

HENRY  E.  WARNER,  LL.B '85  ....  Cambridge. 

WILLIAM  A.  HAYES,  Jr., '87  ....  Cambridge. 

i  Died  Dec.  26,  1886. 


60  THE   LAW    SCHOOL   DAY. 

At  the  close  of  the  business  meeting,  the  Association 
marched  to  Sanders  Theatre,  where  the  addresses  which 
follow  were  delivered. 


PRESIDENT  CARTER'S  ADDRESS. 

GENTLEMEN  OF  THE  HARVARD  LAW-SCHOOL  ASSOCIATION: 

I  BEG  to  make  to  you  my  most  grateful  acknowledg- 
ments for  the  distinguished  honor  you  have  conferred 
upon  me  in  electing  me  to  the  office  of  president.  I 
regard  this  association  of  my  name  with  the  Harvard 
Law  School,  and  particularly  with  such  a  movement 
as  this,  as  a  most  distinguished  honor.  I  hail  this 
gathering,  composed  not  only  of  members  and  recent 
graduates  of  the  school,  but  also  containing  so  many 
men  who  are  veterans  in  the  profession.  I  hail  the 
undertaking  thus  inaugurated,  as  full  of  the  promise 
of  opportunities  for  publishing  more  widely  the  privi- 
leges, the  advantages,  which  we  suppose  the  institution 
furnishes.  I  hail  it  also  as  calculated  to  draw  more 
closely  the  ties  between  the  school  and  its  graduates, 
giving  them  opportunities  for  observing  its  methods, 
for  extending  criticism  perhaps  upon  them,  and  in  all 
suitable  ways  furnishing  to  it  that  aid  and  assistance 
which  the  graduates  of  any  educational  institution  are 
always  capable  of  affording  it. 

The  Harvard  Law  School  I  think  we  may  justly 
consider  as  occupying,  perhaps  we  ought  not  to  say 
the  first,  but  certainly  no  second  place  among  the 
institutions  of  the  country  devoted  to  legal  education. 
And  so  far  as  I  have  had  the  opportunities  for  observ- 
ing, and  so  far  as  I  have  had  the  means  of  knowing,  I 


PRESIDENT  CARTER'S  ADDRESS.  61 

believe  that  in  the  methods  which  are  pursued  here 
are  to  be  found,  in  some  respects,  greater  advantages 
for  the  study  of  the  law  than  are  anywhere  else  ex- 
hibited. And  I  think  that  the  institution  at  no  time 
in  the  course  of  its  history  has  been  so  well  provided 
and  so  well  adapted  for  purposes  of  a  legal  education 
as  now. 

This  Law  School  in  its  origin  shone,  perhaps,  with  a 
lustre  not  altogether  its  own,  but  borrowed  in  some 
degree  from  the  great  forensic  renown  of  the  distin- 
guished men  wh,o  early  became  its  professors.  But  it 
is  no  disparagement  whatever  to  the  great  names  of 
Stoiy  and  Greenleaf —  who  will  ever  be  held  in  rev- 
erent admiration  by  us  —  to  say  that  it  is  not  always 
those  who  have  attained  the  highest  places  in  the 
profession  of  the  law,  or  the  highest  seats  upon  the 
bench,  who  are  the  best  calculated  to  impart  their 
knowledge  to  others.  And  at  the  same  time  it  is 
true,  that  in  the  experience  we  have  had  for  the  last 
half  century  in  legal  education  new  methods  have 
been  found,  which  are  better  adapted  to  the  purpose 
than  those  which  were  originally  pursued. 

I  have  sometimes  heard  criticism  upon  the  School 
to  the  effect  that  it  was  too  much  given  to  the  theoret- 
ical part  of  legal  education,  and  consequently  that  its 
graduates  came  from  it  less  fitted  for  the  real  business 
and  work  of  a  professional  life.  This  impression  I 
believe  to  be  quite  erroneous ;  and  I  think  that  the 
methods  that  are  now  pursued,  so  far  as  I  understand 
them,  are  a  vast  improvement  over  those  with  which 
I  was  acquainted  when  I  was  a  member  of  the  School. 


62  THE    LAW   SCHOOL    DAY. 

What  is  it  that  students  go  to  a  law  school  to  learn  ? 
What  is  it  to  begin  the  study  of  what  we  call  "  the 
law"?  What  is  this  thing  which  we  call  "law,"  and 
with  the  administration  of  which  we  have  to  deal? 
Where  is  it  found  I  How  are  we  to  know  it  I  It  is 
not  found  in  that  code  which  was  proclaimed  amid 
the  thunders  of  Sinai.  It  is  not  immediately  and 
directly  found  in  the  precepts  of  the  Gospel.  It  is 
not  found  in  the  teachings  of  Socrates,  or  Plato,  or 
Bacon.  It  is  found,  and  it  is  alone  found,  in  those 
adjudications,  those  judgments,  which  from  time  to 
time  its  ministers  and  its  magistrates  are  called  upon 
to  make  in  determining  the  actual  rights  of  men. 

What  was  our  former  method  of  acquiring  it  ? 
Going  primarily  to  those  judgments  1  No.  For  the 
most  part  the  basis  of  legal  education  was  in  the 
study  of  text-books,  the  authors  of  which  if  they  had 
acquired  any  knowledge  of  the  law  for  themselves, 
must  have  obtained  it  by  resorting  to  those  original 
sources.  We  therefore  got  it  at  second  hand.  I 
think  the  result  of  all  investigation  concerning  the 
methods  by  which  any  science  may  be  best  acquired 
and  cultivated,  has  been  to  teach  us  to  go  to  the 
original  sources,  and  not  to  take  anything  at  second 
hand. 

Now,  is  this  method  open  to  the  objection  that  the 
study  of  cases  is  apt  to  make  the  student  a  mere  "case" 
lawyer?  Not  at  all.  The  purpose  is  to  study  the  great 
and  principal  cases  in  which  are  the  real  sources  of 
the  law,  and  to  extract  from  them  the  rule  which, 
when  discovered,  is  found  to  be  superior  to  all  cases. 


PRESIDENT  CARTER'S  ADDRESS.         63 

And  this  is  the  method  which,  as  I  understand  it,  is 
now  pursued  in  this  School.  And  so  far  as  the  prac- 
tical question  is  concerned,  whether  it  actually  fits 
those  who  go  out  from  its  walls  in  the  best  manner 
for  the  actual  practice  of  the  law,  I  may  claim  to  be 
a  competent  witness.  It  has  been  my  fortune  for 
many  years  to  have  charge  of  a  considerably  diver 
sified  legal  practice ;  and  the  most  I  have  had  to  re- 
gret is  that  it  has  overwhelmed  me  so  much  with  mere 
business  that  I  have  had  too  little  time  for  the  close 
study  of  the  law  which  my  cases  have  involved. 

It  has  been  necessary  for  me  to  have  intelligent 
assistants,  and  I  have  long  since  discovered  that  most 
valuable  aid  could  be  derived  from  the  young  gradu- 
ates of  this  School.  I  have  surrounded  myself  with 
them,  partly  for  the  reason  that  I  have  an  affection 
for  the  place,  and  also  because  I  have  found  them 
in  possession  of  a  great  amount  of  actual  acquire- 
ment, and  —  what  is  of  more  consequence  —  an  accu- 
racy and  precision  of  method  far  superior  to  anything 
which  the  students  of  my  day  exhibited. 

This  method  of  studying  the  law  by  going  to  its 
original  sources  is  no  royal  road,  —  no  primrose  path. 
It  is  full  of  difficulties.  It  requires  struggle.  If 
there  is  anything  which  is  calculated  to  try  the  hu- 
man faculties  in  the  highest  degree,  it  is  to  take  up 
the  complicated  facts  of  different  cases;  to  separate 
the  material  from  the  immaterial,  the  relevant  from 
the  irrelevant;  to  assign  to  each  element  its  due 
weight  and  limitation,  and  to  give  to  different  com- 
peting principles  and  rules  of  law  their  due  place  in 


64  THE    LAW    SCHOOL    DAY. 

the  conclusion  that  is  to  be  formed.  And  I  know,  on 
the  other  hand,  of  no  greater  intellectual  gratifications 
than  those  which  follow  from  the  solution  in  this  way 
of  the  great  problems  of  the  law  as  they  successively 
present  themselves. 

Gentlemen,  we  must  always  remain  students  of  the 
law,  and  our  truest  pleasures  are  found  in  the  devoted 
study  of  it  for  the  sake  of  excellence  alone.  We  are 
subject  to  many  temptations  which  tend  to  divert  us 
from  the  straight  path.  The  love  of  notoriety,  popu- 
lar applause,  newspaper  fame,  mere  pecuniary  suc- 
cess, all  have  a  tendency  to  divert  from  what  should 
be  the  true  professional  aim.  But  he  who  engages 
in  the  rivalries  thus  invited,  will  find  himself  out- 
stripped in  the  race  by  the  charlatan  and  quack. 
After  all,  the  only  solid  satisfaction  is  that  which 
comes  to  us  from  the  approval  and  the  applause  of 
our  own  professional  brethren,  the  witnesses  of  our 
labors,  as  the  reward  of  a  lifetime  of  effort.  The 
mightiest  of  those  names  which  adorn  the  earliest 
annals  of  our  profession, — 

"Those  ancient,  whose  resistless  eloquence 
Wielded  at  will  that  fierce  democratic, 
Shook  the  arsenal,  and  fulmin'd  over  Greece 
To  Macedon  and  Artaxerxes'  throne,"  — 

won  their  proud  pre-eminence  only  by  climbing  that 
same  steep  and  toilsome  ascent,  beset  with  difficulty 
and  conquered  only  by  struggle,  which  lies  before  — 
or  behind  —  each  one  of  you. 

But,  gentlemen,  I  keep  you  too  long  from  the  dis- 
tinguished speaker  whom  you  have  gathered  together 


JUDGE  HOLMES'S  ORATION.  65 

to  hear.  His  name  of  itself  is  sufficient  to  awaken 
expectations.  If  the  Law  were  a  mistress  no  more 
jealous  than  Medicine,  letters  might  now  hope  to  re- 
ceive a  contribution  from  the  son  like  those  so  often 
made  by  the  renowned  father.  But  the  law  will  put 
up  with  no  divided  homage.  The  great  lawyer,  the 
great  jurist,  with  difficulty  gains  "the  lover's  myrtle;" 
he  must  forever  resign  "  the  poet's  bay." 

"  How  sweet  an  Ovid  was  in  Murray  lost ! " 

But,  gentlemen,  I  think  we  may  all  safely  assure  our- 
selves that  when  he  comes  to  speak,  whatever  he  may 
choose  to  say,  our  best  attention  will  be  richly  re- 
warded. I  have  the  honor  to  present  to  you,  gentle- 
men, Mr.  Justice  HOLMES  of  the  Supreme  Judicial 
Court  of  Massachusetts. 


JUDGE  HOLMES'S  OEATION. 

IT  is  not  wonderful  that  the  graduates  of  the  Law 
School  of  Harvard  College  should  wish  to  keep  alive 
their  connection  with  it.  About  three  quarters  of  a 
century  ago  it  began  with  a  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Coiu*t  of  Massachusetts  for  its  Royall  pro- 
fessor. A  little  later,  one  of  the  most  illustrious  judges 
who  ever  sat  on  the  United  States  Supreme  Bench  — 
Mr.  Justice  Story  —  accepted  a  professorship  in  it 
created  for  him  by  Nathan  Dane.  And  from  that 
time  to  this  it  has  had  the  services  of  great  and  famous 
lawyers ;  it  has  been  the  source  of  a  large  part  of  the 
most  important  legal  literature  which  the  country  has 


66  THE    LAW   SCHOOL    DAY. 

produced;  it  has  furnished  a  world-renowned  model 
in  its  modes  of  instruction ;  and  it  has  had  among-  its 
students  future  chief- justices  and  justices,  and  leaders 
of  state  bars  and  of  the  national  bar,  too  numerous 
for  me  to  thrill  you  with  the  mention  of  their  names. 

It  has  not  taught  great  lawyers  only.  Many  who 
have  won  fame  in  other  fields  began  their  studies  here. 
Sumner  and  Phillips  were  among  the  bachelors  of 
1834.  The  orator  whom  we  shall  hear  in  a  day  or 
two  appears  in  the  list  of  1840  alongside  of  William 
Story,  and  the  Chief  Justice  of  this  State,  and  one  of 
the  Associate  Justices,  who  is  himself  not  less  known 
as  a  soldier  and  as  an  orator  than  he  is  as  a  judge. 
Perhaps,  without  revealing  family  secrets,  I  may 
whisper  that  next  Monday's  poet  also  tasted  our 
masculine  diet  before  seeking  more  easily  digested, 
if  not  more  nutritious,  food  elsewhere.  Enough.  Of 
course  we  are  proud  of  the  Harvard  Law  School. 
Of  course  we  love  every  limb  of  Harvard  College. 
Of  course  we  rejoice  to  manifest  our  brotherhood  by 
the  symbol  of  this  Association. 

I  will  say  no  more  for  the  reasons  of  our  coming 
together.  But  by  your  leave  I  will  say  a  few  words 
about  the  use  and  meaning  of  law  schools,  especially 
of  our  law  school,  and  about  its  methods  of  instruc- 
tion, as  they  appear  to  one  who  has  had  some  occasion 
to  consider  them. 

A  law  school  does  not  undertake  to  teach  success. 
That  combination  of  tact  and  will  which  gives  a  man 
immediate  prominence  among  his  fellows,  comes  from 


JUDGE  HOLMES'S  ORATION.          67 

nature,  not  from  instruction ;  and  if  it  can  be  helped 
at  all  by  advice,  such  advice  is  not  offered  here.  It 
might  be  expected  that  I  should  say  by  way  of  natural 
antithesis,  that  what  a  law  school  does  undertake  to 
teach  is  law.  But  I  am  not  ready  to  say  even  that, 
without  a  qualification.  It  seems  to  me  that  nearly 
all  the  education  which  men  can  get  from  others  is 
moral,  not  intellectual.  The  main  part  of  intellectual 
education  is  not  the  acquisition  of  facts,  but  learning 
how  to  make  facts  live.  Culture,  in  the  sense  of  fruit- 
less knowledge,  I  for  one  abhor.  The  mark  of  a 
master  is,  that  facts  which  before  lay  scattered  in  an 
inorganic  mass,  when  he  shoots  through  them  the 
magnetic  current  of  his  thought,  leap  into  an  organic 
order  and  live  and  bear  fruit.  But  you  cannot  make 
a  master  by  teaching.  He  makes  himself  by  aid  of 
his  natural  gifts. 

Education,  other  than  self-education,  lies  mainly  in 
the  shaping  of  men's  interests  and  aims.  If  you  con- 
vince a  man  that  another  way  of  looking  at  things  is 
more  profound,  another  form  of  pleasure  more  subtile 
than  that  to  which  he  has  been  accustomed,  —  if  you 
make  him  really  see  it,  —  the  very  nature  of  man  is 
such  that  he  will  desire  the  profounder  thought  and 
the  sub  tiler  joy.  So  I  say  the  business  of  a  law  school 
is  not  sufficiently  described  when  you  merely  say  that 
it  is  to  teach  law,  or  to  make  lawyers.  It  is  to  teach 
law  in  the  grand  manner,  and  to  make  great  lawyers. 

Our  country  needs  such  teaching  very  much.  I 
think  we  should  all  agree  that  the  passion  for  equality 
has  passed  far  beyond  the  political  or  even  the  social 


68  THE    LAW    SCHOOL    DAY. 

sphere.  We  are  not  only  unwilling  to  admit  that  any 
class  or  society  is  better  than  that  in  which  we  move, 
but  our  customary  attitude  towards  every  one  in 
authority  of  any  kind  is  that  he  is  only  the  lucky 
recipient  of  honor  or  salary  above  the  average  which 
any  average  man  might  as  well  receive  as  he.  When 
the  effervescence  of  democratic  negation  extends  its 
workings  beyond  the  abolition  of  external  distinctions 
of  rank  to  spiritual  things ;  when  the  passion  for  equal- 
ity is  not  content  with  founding  social  intercourse 
upon  universal  human  sympathy  and  a  community 
of  interests  in  which  all  may  share,  but  attacks  the 
lines  of  Nature  which  establish  orders  and  degrees 
among  the  souls  of  men,  —  they  are  not  only  wrong, 
but  ignobly  wrong.  Modesty  and  reverence  are  no 
less  virtues  of  freemen  than  the  democratic  feeling 
which  will  submit  neither  to  arrogance  nor  to 
servility. 

To  inculcate  those  virtues,  to  correct  the  ignoble 
excess  of  a  noble  feeling  to  which  I  have  referred, 
I  know  of  no  teachers  so  powerful  and  persuasive  as 
the  little  army  of  specialists.  They  carry  no  banners, 
they  beat  no  drums;  but  where  they  are,  men  learn 
that  bustle  and  push  are  not  the  equals  of  quiet  genius 
and  serene  mastery.  They  compel  others  who  need 
their  help  or  who  are  enlightened  by  their  teaching, 
to  obedience  and  respect.  They  set  the  example 
themselves ;  for  they  furnish  in  the  intellectual  world 
a  perfect  type  of  the  union  of  democracy  with  disci- 
pline. They  bow  to  no  one  who  seeks  to  impose  his 
authority  by  foreign  aid ;  they  hold  that  science  like 


JUDGE  HOLMES'S  ORATIOX.  69 

courage  is  never  beyond  the  necessity  of  proof,  but 
must  always  be  ready  to  prove  itself  against  all  chal- 
lengers. But  to  one  who  has  shown  himself  a  master 
they  pay  the  proud  reverence  of  men  who  know  what 
valiant  combat  means,  and  who  reserve  the  right  of 
combat  against  their  leader  even,  if  he  should  seem  to 
waver  in  the  service  of  truth,  their  only  queen. 

In  the  army  of  which  I  speak,  the  lawyers  are  not 
the  least  important  corps.  For  all  lawyers  are  special- 
ists. Not  in  the  narrow  sense  in  which  we  sometimes 
use  the  word  in  the  profession,  —  of  persons  who  con- 
fine themselves  to  a  particular  branch  of  practice,  such 
as  conveyancing  or  patents, — but  specialists  who  have 
taken  all  law  to  be  their  province ;  specialists  because 
they  have  undertaken  to  master  a  special  branch  of 
human  knowledge,  —  a  branch,  I  may  add,  which  is 
more  immediately  connected  with  all  the  highest  in- 
terests of  man  than  any  other  which  deals  with  prac- 
tical affairs. 

Lawyers,  too,  were  among  the  first  specialists  to  be 
needed  and  to  appear  in  America.  And  I  believe  it 
would  be  hard  to  exaggerate  the  goodness  of  their 
influence  in  favor  of  sane  and  orderly  thinking.  But 
lawyers  feel  the  spirit  of  the  times  like  other  people. 
They  like  others  are  forever  trying  to  discover  cheap 
and  agreeable  substitutes  for  real  things.  I  fear  that 
the  bar  has  done  its  full  share  to  exalt  that  most  hate- 
ful of  American  words  and  ideals,  "  smartness,"  as 
against  dignity  of  moral  feeling  and  profundity  of 
knowledge.  It  is  from  within  the  bar,  not  from  out- 
side, that  I  have  heard  the  new  gospel  that  learning 


TO  THE    LAW    SCHOOL    DAY. 

is  out  of  date,  and  that  the  man  for  the  times  is  no 
longer  the  thinker  and  the  scholar,  but  the  smart 
man,  unencumbered  with  other  artillery  than  the  latest 
edition  of  the  Digest  and  the  latest  revision  of  the 
Statutes. 

The  aim  of  a  law  school  should  be,  the  aim  of  the 
Harvard  Law  School  has  been,  not  to  make  men 
smart,  but  to  make  them  wise  in  their  calling,  — 
to  start  them  on  a  road  which  will  lead  them  to  the 
abode  of  the  masters.  A  law  school  should  be  at  once 
the  workshop  and  the  nursery  of  specialists  in  the 
sense  which  I  have  explained.  It  should  obtain  for 
teachers  men  in  each  generation  who  are  producing 
the  best  work  of  that  generation.  Teaching  should 
not  stop,  but  rather  should  foster,  production.  The 
"  enthusiasm  of  the  lecture  room,"  the  contagious  in- 
terest of  companionship,  should  make  the  students 
partners  in  their  teachers'  work.  The  ferment  of 
genius  in  its  creative  moment  is  quickly  imparted. 
If  a  man  is  great,  he  makes  others  believe  in  great- 
ness ;  he  makes  them  incapable  of  mean  ideals  and 
easy  self-satisfaction.  His  pupils  will  accept  no  sub- 
stitute for  realities ;  but  at  the  same  time  they  learn 
that  the  only  coin  with  which  realities  can  be  bought 
is  Life. 

Our  school  has  been  such  a  workshop  and  such  a 
nursery  as  I  describe.  What  men  it  has  turned  out  I 
have  hinted  already,  and  do  not  need  to  say;  what 
works  it  has  produced  is  known  to  all  the  world. 
From  ardent  co-operation  of  student  and  teacher  have 
sprung  Greenleaf  on  Evidence,  and  Stearns  on  Real 


JUDGE    HOLMES'S    ORATION.  71 

Actions,  and  Story's  epoch-making  Commentaries,  and 
Parsons  on  Contracts,  and  Wasliburn  on  Real  Prop- 
erty; and,  marking  a  later  epoch,  Langdell  on  Con- 
tracts and  on  Equity  Pleading,  and  Ames  on  Bills  and 
Notes,  and  Gray  on  Perpetuities,  and  I  hope  we  may 
soon  add  Thayer  on  Evidence.  You  will  notice  that 
these  books  are  very  different  in  character  from  one 
another,  but  you  will  notice  also  how  many  of  them 
have  this  in  common,  —  that  they  have  marked  and 
largely  made  an  epoch. 

There  are  plenty  of  men  nowadays  of  not  a  hun- 
dredth part  of  Story's  power  who  could  write  as  good 
statements  of  the  law  as  his,  or  better.  And  when 
some  mediocre  fluent  book  has  been  printed,  how 
often  have  we  heard  it  proclaimed,  "  Lo,  here  is  a 
greater  than  Story  ! "  But  if  you  consider  the  state 
of  legal  literature  when  Story  began  to  write,  and 
from  what  wells  of  learning  the  discursive  streams 
of  his  speech  were  fed,  I  think  you  will  be  inclined 
to  agree  with  me  that  he  has  done  more  than  any 
other  English-speaking  man  in  this  century  to  make 
the  law  luminous  and  easy  to  understand. 

But  Story's  simple  philosophizing  has  ceased  to 
satisfy  men's  minds.  I  think  it  might  be  said  with 
safety,  that  no  man  of  his  or  of  the  succeeding  genera- 
tion could  have  stated  the  law  in  a  form  that  deserved 
to  abide,  because  neither  his  nor  the  succeeding  gener- 
ation possessed  or  could  have  possessed  the  historical 
knowledge,  had  made  or  could  have  made  the  ana- 
lyses of  principles  which  are  necessary  before  the 
cardinal  doctrines  of  the  law  can  be  known  and  under- 


72  THE    LAW    SCHOOL    DAY. 

stood  in  their  precise  contours  and  in  their  innermost 


meanings. 


The  new  work  is  now  being  done.  Under  the 
influence  of  Germany  science  is  gradually  drawing 
legal  history  into  its  sphere.  The  facts  are  being 
scrutinized  by  eyes  microscopic  in  intensity  and  pano- 
ramic in  scope.  At  the  same  time,  under  the  influence 
of  our  revived  interest  in  philosophical  speculation,  a 
thousand  heads  are  analyzing  and  generalizing  the 
rules  of  law  and  the  grounds  on  which  they  stand. 
The  law  has  got  to  be  stated  over  again ;  and  I  ven- 
ture to  say  that  in  fifty  years  we  shall  have  it  in  a  form 
of  which  no  man  could  have  dreamed  fifty  years  ago. 
And  now  I  venture  to  add  my  hope  and  my  belief, 
that  when  the  day  comes  which  I  predict,  the  pro- 
fessors of  the  Harvard  Law  School  will  be  found  to 
have  had  a  hand  in  the  change  not  less  important  than 
that  which  Story  has  had  in  determining  the  form  of 
the  text-books  of  the  last  half-century. 

Corresponding  to  the  change  which  I  say  is  taking 
place,  there  has  been  another  change  in  the  mode  of 
teaching.  How  far  the  correspondence  is  conscious  I 
do  not  stop  to  inquire.  For  whatever  reason,  the  pro- 
fessors of  this  school  have  said  to  themselves  more 
definitely  than  ever  before  :  We  will  not  be  contented 
to  send  forth  students  with  nothing  but  a  ragbag  full 
of  general  principles,  —  a  throng  of  glittering  gene- 
ralities like  a  swarm  of  little  bodiless  cherubs  flutter- 
ing at  the  top  of  one  of  Correggio's  pictures.  They 
have  said  that  to  make  a  general  principle  worth  any- 
thing you  must  give  it  a  body;  you  must  show  in 


JUDGE  HOLMES'S  ORATION.  73 

what  way  and  how  far  it  would  be  applied  actually 
in  an  actual  system ;  you  must  show  how  it  has 
gradually  emerged  as  the  felt  reconciliation  of  con- 
crete instances,  no  one  of  which  established  it  in  terms. 
Finally,  you  must  show  its  historic  relations  to  other 
principles,  often  of  very  different  date  and  origin,  and 
thus  set  it  in  the  perspective  without  which  its  propor- 
tions will  never  be  truly  judged. 

In  pursuance  of  these  views  there  have  been  substi- 
tuted for  text-books  more  and  more,  so  far  as  practi- 
cable, those  books  of  cases  which  were  received  at 
first  by  many  with  a  somewhat  contemptuous  smile 
and  pitying  contrast  of  the  good  old  days,  but  which 
now,  after  fifteen  years,  bid  fair  to  revolutionize  the 
teaching  both  of  this  country  and  of  England. 

I  pause  for  a  moment  to  say  what  I  hope  it  is 
scarcely  necessary  for  me  to  say,  —  that  in  thus  giving 
in  my  adhesion  to  the  present  methods  of  instruction 
I  am  not  wanting  in  grateful  and  appreciative  recol- 
lection (alas !  it  can  be  only  recollection  now)  of 
the  earlier  teachers  under  whom  I  studied.  In  my  day 
the  dean  of  this  school  was  Professor  Parker,  the  ex- 
Chief  Justice  of  New  Hampshire,  who  I  think  was  one 
of  the  greatest  of  American  judges,  and  who  showed 
in  the  chair  the  same  qualities  that  had  made  him 
famous  on  the  bench.  His  associates  were  Parsons, 
almost  if  not  quite  a  man  of  genius,  and  gifted  with 
a  power  of  impressive  statement  which  I  do  not  know 
that  I  have  ever  seen  equalled ;  and  Washburn,  who 
taught  us  all  to  realize  the  meaning  of  the  phrase 
which  I  have  already  quoted  from  Vangerow,  the 


74  THE    LAW    SCHOOL   DAY. 

"  enthusiasm  of  the  lecture-room."  He  did  more  for 
me  than  the  learning  of  Coke  and  the  logic  of  Fearne 
could  have  done  without  his  kindly  ardor. 

To  return,  and  to  say  a  word  more  about  the  theory 
on  which  these  books  of  cases  are  used.     It  has  long 
seemed  to  me  a  striking  circumstance  that  the  ablest 
of  the  agitators  for  codification,  Sir  James  Stephen, 
and  the  originator  of  the  present  mode  of  teaching, 
Mr.  Langdell,  start  from  the  same  premises  to  reach 
seemingly  opposite  conclusions.     The  number  of  legal 
principles  is  small,  says  in  effect  Sir  James  Stephen, 
therefore  codify  them ;    the  number  of  legal  princi- 
ples is  small,  says  Mr.  Langdell,  therefore  they  may 
be  taught  through  the  cases  which  have  developed  and 
established  them.     Well,  I  think  there  is  much  force 
in  Sir  James  Stephen's  argument,  if  you  can  find  com- 
petent men  and  get  them  to  undertake  the  task ;  and 
at  any  rate  I  am  not  now  going  to  express  an  opinion 
that  he  is  wrong.     But  I  am  certain  from  my  own  ex- 
perience that  Mr.  Langdell  is  right ;  I  am  certain  that 
when  your  object  is  not  to  make  a  bouquet  of  the  law 
for  the  public,  nor  to  prune  and  graft  it  by  legislation, 
but  to  plant  its  roots  where  they  will  grow,  in  minds 
devoted  henceforth  to  that  one  end,  there  is  no  way  to 
be  compared  to  Mr.  Langdell's  way.     Why,  look  at  it 
simply  in  the  light  of  human  nature.    Does  not  a  man 
remember  a  concrete  instance  more  vividly  than  a  gen- 
eral principle  ?     And  is  not  a  principle  more  exactly 
and  intimately  grasped  as  the  unexpressed  major  pre- 
mise of  the  half-dozen  examples  which  mark  its  extent 
and  its  limits  than  it  can  be  in  any  abstract  form  of 


JUDGE  HOLMES'S  ORATIOX.  75 

words?  Expressed  or  unexpressed,  is  it  not  better 
known  when  you  have  studied  its  embryology  and 
the  lines  of  its  growth  than  when  you  merely  see 
it  lying  dead  before  you  on  the  printed  page  ? 

I  have  referred  to  my  own  experience.  During  the 
short  time  that  I  had  the  honor  of  teaching  in  the 
school,  it  fell  to  me,  among  other  things,  to  instruct 
the  first-year  men  in  Torts.  With  some  misgivings  I 
plunged  a  class  of  beginners  straight  into  Mr.  Ames's 
collection  of  cases,  and  we  began  to  discuss  them  to- 
gether in  Mr.  Langdell's  method.  The  result  was 
better  than  I  even  hoped  it  would  be.  After  a  week 
or  two,  when  the  first  confusing  novelty  was  over,  I 
found  that  my  class  examined  the  questions  proposed 
with  an  accuracy  of  view  which  they  never  could 
have  learned  from  text-books,  and  which  often  ex- 
ceeded that  to  be  found  in  the  text-books.  I  at  least, 
if  no  one  else,  gained  a  good  deal  from  our  daily 
encounters. 

My  experience  as  a  judge  has  confirmed  the  belief 
I  formed  as  a  professor.  Of  course  a  young  man 
cannot  try  or  argue  a  case  as  well  as  one  who  has  had 
years  of  experience.  Most  of  you  also  would  proba- 
bly agree  with  me  that  no  teaching  which  a  man  re- 
ceives from  others  at  all  approaches  in  importance 
what  he  does  for  himself,  and  that  one  who  has  simply 
been  a  docile  pupil  has  got  but  a  very  little  way.  But 
I  do  think  that  in  the  thoroughness  of  their  training 
and  in  the  systematic  character  of  then*  knowledge,  the 
young  men  of  the  present  day  start  better  equipped 
when  they  begin  their  practical  experience  than  it  was 


76  THE    LAW   SCHOOL    DAT. 

possible  for  their  predecessors  to  have  been.  And 
although  no  school  can  boast  a  monopoly  of  promising 
young  men,  Cambridge,  of  course,  has  its  full  propor- 
tion of  them  at  our  bar ;  and  I  do  think  that  the  meth- 
ods of  teaching  here  bear  fruits  in  their  work. 

I  sometimes  hear  a  wish  expressed  by  the  impatient 
that  the  teaching  here  should  be  more  practical.  I 
remember  that  a  very  wise  and  able  man  said  to  a 
friend  of  mine  when  he  was  beginning  his  professional 
life,  "Don't  know  too  much  law,"  and  I  think  we  all 
can  imagine  cases  where  the  warning  would  be  useful, 
But  a  far  more  useful  thing  is  what  was  said  to  me  as 
a  student  by  one  no  less  wise  and  able,  —  afterwards 
my  partner  and  always  my  friend,  —  when  I  was  talk- 
ing as  young  men  do  about  seeing  practice,  and  all 
the  other  things  which  seemed  practical  to  my  inex- 
perience, "The  business  of  a  lawyer  is  to  know  law." 
The  professors  of  this  law  school  mean  to  make  their 
students  know  law.  They  think  the  most  practical 
teaching  is  that  which  takes  their  students  to  the 
bottom  of  what  they  seek  to  know.  They  therefore 
mean  to  make  them  master  the  common  law  and  equity 
as  working  systems,  and  think  that  when  that  is  ac- 
complished they  will  have  no  trouble  with  the  im- 
provements of  the  last  half-century.  I  believe  they 
are  entirely  right,  not  only  in  the  end  they  aim  at, 
but  in  the  way  they  take  to  reach  that  end. 

Yes,  this  school  has  been,  is,  and  I  hope  long  will 
be,  a  centre  where  great  lawyers  perfect  their  achieve- 
ments, and  from  which  young  men,  even  more  inspired 
by  their  example  than  instructed  by  their  teaching,  go 


JUDGE  HOLMES'S  ORATION.  77 

forth  in  their  turn,  not  to  imitate  what  their  masters 
have  done,  but  to  live  their  own  lives  more  freely  for 
the  ferment  imparted  to  them  here.  The  men  trained 
in  this  school  may  not  always  be  the  most  knowing  in 
the  ways  of  getting  on.  The  noblest  of  them  must 
often  feel  that  they  are  committed  to  lives  of  proud 
dependence,  —  the  dependence  of  men  who  command 
no  factitious  aids  to  success,  but  rely  upon  unad- 
vertised  knowledge  and  silent  devotion ;  dependence 
upon  finding  an  appreciation  which  they  cannot  seek, 
but  dependence  proud  in  the  conviction  that  the 
knowledge  to  which  their  lives  are  consecrated  is  of 
things  which  it  concerns  the  world  to  know.  It  is  the 
dependence  of  abstract  thought,  of  science,  of  beauty, 
of  poetry  and  art,  of  every  flower  of  civilization,  iipon 
finding  a  soil  generous  enough  to  support  it.  If  it 
does  not,  it  must  die.  But  the  world  needs  the  flower 
more  than  the  flower  needs  life. 

I  said  that  a  law  school  ought  to  teach  law  in  the 
grand  manner;  that  it  had  something  more  to  do 
than  simply  to  teach  law.  I  think  we  may  claim  for 
our  school  that  it  has  not  been  wanting  in  greatness. 
I  once  heard  a  Russian  say  that  in  the  middle  class  of 
Russia  there  were  many  specialists ;  in  the  upper  class 
there  were  civilized  men.  Perhaps  in  America,  for 
reasons  which  I  have  mentioned,  we  need  specialists 
even  more  than  we  do  civilized  men.  Civilized  men 
who  are  nothing  else  are  a  little  apt  to  think  that  they 
cannot  breathe  the  American  atmosphere.  But  if  a 
man  is  a  specialist  it  is  most  desirable  that  he  should 
also  be  civilized ;  that  he  should  have  laid  in  the  out- 


78  THE   LAW   SCHOOL    DAY. 

line  of  the  other  sciences  as  well  as  the  light  and  shade 
of  his  own;  that  he  should  be  reasonable,  and  see 
things  in  their  proportion.  Nay,  more,  that  he  should 
be  passionate  as  well  as  reasonable,  —  that  he  should 
be  able  not  only  to  explain,  but  to  feel;  that  the 
ardors  of  intellectual  pursuit  should  be  relieved  by 
the  charms  of  art,  should  be  succeeded  by  the  joy  of 
life  become  an  end  in  itself. 

At  Harvard  College  is  realized  in  some  degree  the 
palpitating  manifoldness  of  a  truly  civilized  life.  Its 
aspirations  are  concealed  because  they  are  chastened 
and  instructed ;  but  I  believe  in  my  soul  that  they  are 
not  the  less  noble  that  they  are  silent.  The  golden 
light  of  the  University  is  not  confined  to  the  under- 
graduate department ;  it  is  shed  over  all  the  schools. 
He  who  has  once  seen  it  becomes  other  than  he  was, 
forever  more.  I  have  said  that  the  best  part  of  our 
education  is  moral.  It  is  the  crowning  glory  of  this 
Law  School  that  it  has  kindled  in  many  a  heart  an 
inextinguishable  fire. 

At  the  conclusion  of  Judge  Holmes's  oration,  the  members 
of  the  Association  and  their  invited  guests,  preceded  by  the 
band,  marched  to  the  Hemenway  Gymnasium,  where  the 
dinner  took  place. 


PRESIDENT  CARTER'S  ADDRESS.        79 


THE    DINNER 

AT  2.35  P.  M.  the  company,  to  the  number  of  about  four 
hundred,  sat  down  to  dinner.  Hon.  James  C.  Carter,  of  New 
York,  President  of  the  Harvard  Law  School  Association,  pre- 
sided. Upon  his  right  sat  Judge  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,  Jr., 
Prof.  C.  C.  Langdell  the  Dane  Professor,  Gen.  Alexander  R. 
Lawton  of  Georgia.  Hon.  George  0.  Shattuck,  Prof.  James  B. 
Thayer,  Hon.  E.  Rockwood  Hoar,  Judge  Thomas  M.  Cooley 
of  Michigan,  and  Prof.  James  Barr  Ames ;  on  the  left  of 
the  presiding  officer  were  President  Eliot,  Hon.  Samuel  E. 
Sewall,  Hon.  R.  M.  Morse,  Jr.,  Judge  Nathaniel  Holmes,  Hon. 
Dorman  B.  Eaton,  Hon.  Darwin  E.  Ware,  Prof.  John  C.  Gray, 
Prof.  William  A.  Keener,  and  Dr.  Mandell  Creighton  of  Em- 
manuel College,  Cambridge,  England.  Before  and  between 
the  speeches  the  Germania  Orchestra  rendered  musical  selec- 
tions. At  the  close  of  the  dinner  President  CARTER  called  the 
company  to  order. 

PRESIDENT  CARTER'S  ADDRESS. 

GENTLEMEN,  —  I  think  we  may  felicitate  ourselves 
upon  the  auspicious  commencement  of  this  associa- 
tion. At  least,  so  far  as  it  lias  gone  it  could  not  have 
been  better.  Our  friend  Judge  Holmes  spoke  in  his 
oration  of  the  grand  manner  in  which  the  law  ought 
to  be  studied  and  taught.  To  me,  who  come  back 
to  Cambridge  rarely,  and  whose  recollections  of  this 
place  are  as  it  was  —  I  won't  say  how  many  years 
ago,  —  everything  seems  to  be  grand.  From  what 
grander  building  could  we  have  marched  than  from 


80  THE    LAW    SCHOOL    DAY. 

Austin  Hall?  To  what  grander  building  could  we 
have  gone  to  listen  to  our  oration  than  the  one  in 
which  we  heard  it?  What  grander  oration  could 
we  have  had?  In  what  grander  building  could  we 
have  our  dinner  than  the  one  in  which  we  are  now 
assembled,  —  if  it  is  possible  for  anything  to  be  heard 
in  it,  which  I  somewhat  doubt. 

Well,  gentlemen,  here  we  are,  a  lot  of  lawyers  col- 
lected together  all  by  ourselves.  It  is  a  rare  occasion. 
It  is  rare  for  an  assembly  to  be  composed  exclusively 
of  lawyers.  You  know  what  they  used  to  say  of  the 
Roman  augurs,  that  whenever  they  met  each  other  in 
the  street  they  used  to  smile.  And  if  half  of  what  is 
said  of  lawyers  be  true,  we  ought  all  of  us  to  be  on  a 
broad  grin  now.  The  wits  and  satirists  of  all  ages 
have  sat  down  on  us  pretty  heavily.  We  have  been 
accused  of  being  the  fomenters  of  strife,  of  grinding 
the  faces  of  the  poor,  of  being  mere  sophists,  of  dis- 
regarding the  truth,  of  dwelling  upon  the  quips  and 
quirks  and  trifles.  There  is  no  form  of  imposture 
which  has  not  at  some  time  or  other  been  imputed  to 
us.  Well,  now,  I  suspect  that  pretty  much  all  the 
wit  and  point  of  that  lies  in  its  incongruity  and  its 
falsity. 

Occasionally,  unworthy  members  of  the  profes- 
sion do  of  course  appear;  and  the  incongruity  be- 
tween those  and  what  the  profession  is  generally 
found  to  be,  and  what  it  ought  to  be,  is  so  great 
as  to  become  ludicrous.  But  when  we  look  for  the 
real  estimate  in  which  lawyers  and  the  legal  pro- 
fession are  held  by  the  community  at  large,  we  have 


PRESIDENT  CARTER'S  ADDRESS.         81 

better  evidence  upon  which  to  rely.  I  suppose  three 
fourths  at  least  of  all  the  members  of  the  Congress  of 
the  United  States  from  the  organization  of  the  govern- 
ment have  been  lawyers.  The  statutes  of  the  United 
States  to-day,  —  are  they  not  a  monument  of  their 
learning,  their  devotion,  their  patriotism,  and  their 
skill  ?  The  great  majority  of  the  Legislatures  in  all 
the  States  of  the  Union  are,  and  ever  have  been, 
composed  of  lawyers.  The  great  executive  officers 
and  magistrates  of  the  States  are  for  the  most  part 
lawyers. 

And  what,  let  me  ask,  would  the  community  do  if 
the  profession  of  the  law  were  stricken  from  the  pur- 
suits of  human  life?  If  there  are  great  pecuniary 
trusts  to  be  reposed,  to  whom  are  they  so  frequently 
intrusted  as  to  lawyers  ?  And  how  rarely  is  the  trust 
betrayed !  Those  last  confidences  which  every  one 
hugs  to  his  bosom  are  freely  and  fully  imparted  to 
lawyers ;  and  how  seldom  is  that  trust  betrayed ! 
"Why,  I  remember,  not  very  long  ago,  that  a  reverend 
gentleman  —  whose  name,  were  I  at  liberty  to  men- 
tion it,  you  would  at  once  recognize  as  that  of  one  of 
the  most  eminent  and  distinguished  of  your  divines  — 
said  to  me  that  upon  a  certain  occasion  he  was  called 
upon  by  another  to  give  advice  upon  a  most  impor- 
tant piece  of  conduct.  He  gave  to  it  his  best  reflec- 
tion, and  came  to  his  conclusion.  But  such  was  his 
sense  of  the  importance  of  the  business,  and  such  he 
thought  to  be  its  difficulty,  that  he  could  not  feel  suffi- 
ciently assured  of  the  correctness  of  his  conclusion.  He 
wished  light  from  others.  The  question  had  nothing 


82  THE    LAW    SCHOOL   DAY. 

to  do  with  property;  nothing  to  do  with  any  legal 
right.  It  was  a  purely  moral  question,  but  deeply 
affecting  character,  deeply  affecting  reputation.  He 
did  not  go  to  the  members  of  his  own  profession ; 
he  went  neither  to  theologians  nor  to  moralists.  He 
went  to  a  lawyer,  and  among  lawyers  to  one  whose 
name,  were  I  at  liberty  to  mention  that,  you  would 
recognize  as  one  of  the  most  distinguished  among 
you,  —  and  not  one  of  those  who  would  be  consid- 
ered as  of  the  spiritually  minded  sort,  but  a  strictly 
business,  professional  lawyer.  He  submitted  the  prob- 
lem to  him,  and  received  an  answer  confirming  his 
own  conclusion,  but  accompanied  with  reasons  so 
luminous  and  so  satisfactory  that  all  doubt  was  ban- 
ished from  his  mind.  We  have  some  right  to  say, 
therefore,  that  the  teachings  of  the  law,  as  they  are 
pronounced  by  its  highest  ministers,  inform  us  quid 
sit  pulchrum,  quid  rectum.,  quid  turpe,  quid  utile,  quid 
non  a  good  deal  better  than  those  of  Chrysippus  or 
Grantor. 

Now,  why  is  this  ?  Surely  not  for  the  reason  that 
lawyers  are  any  better  than  other  classes  of  men :  no 
one  of  us  surely  will  set  up  a  pretence  of  that  sort. 
It  is,  I  imagine,  because  our  pursuits,  our  thoughts, 
our  labors  have  to  do  with  the  direct,  the  immediate, 
the  tangible  interests  of  mankind,  —  with  property, 
with  liberty,  and  with  life.  It  is  because  upon  the 
strength  of  our  determination  property  passes  from 
one  hand  to  another,  or  the  question  is  settled  whether 
one  shall  occupy  the  cell  of  a  penitentiary  or  breathe 
the  air  of  freedom.  It  is  because  those  all-important 


PRESIDENT  CARTER'S  ADDRESS.         83 

present  interests  have  ever  refused,  and  will  forever 
refuse,  to  submit  to  any  other  determinations  than 
those  founded  upon  the  everlasting  basis  of  truth 
and  right,  or  so  much  of  that  everlasting  basis  as 
can  be  apprehended  and  applied  by  t^ie  wisest  and 
the  best  of  our  race. 

Now,  gentlemen,  I  have  already  made  my  speech 
over  in  yonder  building,  and  I  am  not  going  to  inflict 
upon  you  another.  I  find  myself  upon  this  elevated 
platform,  and  it  looks  to  me  for  all  the  world  as  if  this 
were  a  bench  of  judges  here,  and  I  the  Chief  Justice, 
and  you  members  of  the  Bar.  I  shall  therefore  treat 
these  gentlemen  on  my  right  and  left  as  puisne  jus- 
tices, and  I  shall  not  consult  them  as  to  the  order  of 
proceedings  here.  They  will  of  course  speak  when 
they  are  spoken  to,  and  give  their  opinions  when  they 
are  called  upon.  We  have  in  the  city  in  which  my 
labors  are  spent  what  they  call  a  short  calendar, — 
and  it  is  called  on  Friday,  too,  —  and  it  means  causes 
that  take  up  very  little  time  indeed,  and  it  means 
causes  for  the  most  part  that  have  no  merits.  I  pro- 
pose to  take  up  that  short  calendar.  From  time  to 
time  I  shall  call  those  cases  that  are  set  down  on  it. 
The  calendar  was  not  made  up  by  me,  but  by  the 
clerk  of  the  court.  And  I  think  —  and  you  must  all 
agree  with  me  upon  this  occasion  —  that  the  first 
honors  are  due  to  that  great  school  of  the  law  to 
which  we  all  of  us,  or  most  of  us,  owe  so  much. 
I  shall,  therefore,  first  present  to  you  Professor 
LANGDELL,  the  Dane  Professor. 


84  THE    LAW    SCHOOL    DAY. 

Professor  LANGDELL,  upon  arising,  was  received  with  pro- 
longed applause  and  three  rousing  cheers.  When  permitted 
to  proceed,  he  spoke  as  follows :  — 


PEOFESSOR  LANGDELL'S  ADDEESS. 
GENTLEMEN  OF  THE  HARVARD  LAW  SCHOOL  ASSOCIATION: 

I  am  very  grateful  for  this  unexpected  greeting. 
You  will  be  surprised  to  learn  that  this  is  the  second 
time  that  your  President  has  called  upon  me  to  speak 
for  the  Harvard  Law  School.  The  first  time  was 
nearly  seventeen  years  ago,  when  I  was  about  to  as- 
sume the  duties  of  Dane  professor.  And  I  do  not 
know  that  I  can  do  better  than  begin  now  where  I 
left  off  then.  On  that  occasion  I  called  attention  to 
the  anomalous  condition  of  legal  education  in  English- 
speaking  countries,  —  the  anomaly  consisting  in  the  fact 
that  in  those  countries  a  knowledge  of  law  had  been 
acquired,  as  a  rule,  only  by  or  in  connection  with  its 
practice  and  administration,  while  in  all  the  rest  of 
Christendom  law  has  always  been  taught  and  studied 
in  universities.  And  I  ventured  to  express  the  opin- 
ion, that  the  true  interests  of  legal  education  in  this 
country  required  that  in  this  respect  we  should  not 
follow  longer  in  the  footsteps  of  England,  but  should 
bring  ourselves  into  harmony  with  the  rest  of  the  civ- 
ilized world. 

Since  that  time  I  have  not  concerned  myself  with 
legal  education  outside  of  the  Harvard  Law  School; 
but  I  have  tried  to  do  my  part  towards  making  the 
teaching  and  the  study  of  law  in  that  School  worthy 


PROFESSOR  LANGDELL'S  ADDRESS.  85 

of  a  university ;  towards  making  the  venerable  insti- 
tution of  which  we  are  celebrating  the  two  hundred 
and  fiftieth  anniversary  a  true  university,  and  the  Law 
School  not  the  least  creditable  of  its  departments ;  in 
short,  towards  placing  the  Law  School,  so  far  as  dif- 
ferences of  circumstances  would  permit,  in  the  posi- 
tion occupied  by  the  Law  Faculties  in  the  universities 
of  continental  Europe.  And  what  I  say  of  myself  in 
this  respect  I  may,  with  at  least  equal  truth,  say  of  all 
my  associates. 

To  accomplish  these  objects,  so  far  as  they  de- 
pended upon  the  Law  School,  it  was  indispensable  to 
establish  at  least  two  things :  first,  that  law  is  a 
science ;  secondly,  that  all  the  available  materials  of 
that  science  are  contained  in  printed  books.  If  law 
be  not  a  science,  a  university  will  best  consult  its  own 
dignity  in  declining  to  teach  it.  If  it  be  not  a  science, 
it  is  a  species  of  handicraft,  and  may  best  be  learned 
by  serving  an  apprenticeship  to  one  who  practises  it. 
If  it  be  a  science,  it  will  scarcely  be  disputed  that  it  is 
one  of  the  greatest  and  most  difficult  of  sciences,  and 
that  it  needs  all  the  light  that  the  most  enlightened 
seat  of  learning  can  throw  upon  it.  Again,  law  can 
only  be  learned  and  taught  in  a  university  by  means 
of  printed  books.  If,  therefore,  there  are  other  and  bet- 
ter means  of  teaching  and  learning  law  than  printed 
books,  or  if  printed  books  can  only  be  used  to  the 
best  advantage  in  connection  with  other  means,  —  for 
instance,  the  work  of  a  lawyer's  office,  or  attendance 
upon  the  proceedings  of  courts  of  justice,  —  it  must 
be  confessed  that  such  means  cannot  be  provided  by  a 


86  THE   LAW    SCHOOL   DAY. 

university.  But  if  printed  books  are  the  ultimate 
sources  of  all  legal  knowledge ;  if  every  student  who 
would  obtain  any  mastery  of  law  as  a  science  must 
resort  to  these  ultimate  sources ;  and  if  the  only  assist- 
ance which  it  is  possible  for  the  learner  to  receive  is 
such  as  can  be  afforded  by  teachers  who  have  trav- 
elled the  same  road  before  him,  —  then  a  university, 
and  a  university  alone,  can  furnish  every  possible 
facility  for  teaching  and  learning  law.  I  wish  to 
emphasize  the  fact  that  a  teacher  of  law  should  be  a 
person  who  accompanies  his  pupils  on  a  road  which 
is  new  to  them,  but  with  which  he  is  well  acquainted 
from  having  often  travelled  it  before.  What  qualifies 
a  person,  therefore,  to  teach  law  is  not  experience  in 
the  work  of  a  lawyer's  office,  not  experience  in  deal- 
ing with  men,  not  experience  in  the  trial  or  argument 
of  causes,  —  not  experience,  in  short,  in  using  law,  but 
experience  in  learning  law  :  not  the  experience  of  the 
Roman  advocate  or  of  the  Roman  praetor,  still  less 
of  the  Roman  procurator,  but  the  experience  of  the 
Roman  juris-consult. 

My  associates  and  myself,  therefore,  have  con- 
stantly acted  upon  the  view  that  law  is  a  science,  and 
that  it  must  be  learned  from  books.  Accordingly,  the 
Law  Library  has  been  the  object  of  our  greatest  and 
most  constant  solicitude.  We  have  not  done  for  it  all 
that  we  should  have  been  glad  to  do,  but  we  have 
done  much.  Indeed,  in  the  library  of  to-day  one 
would  find  it  difficult  to  recognize  the  library  of  seven- 
teen years  ago.  We  have  also  constantly  inculcated 
the  idea  that  the  library  is  the  proper  workshop  of 


PROFESSOR  LANGDELL'S  ADDRESS.  87 

professors  and  students  alike  ;  that  it  is  to  us  all  that 
the  laboratories  of  the  university  are  to  the  chemists 
and  physicists,  all  that  the  museum  of  natural  history 
is  to  the  zoologists,  all  that  the  botanical  garden  is  to 
the  botanists. 

From  what  I  have  already  said  it  easily  follows, 
first,  that  a  good  academic  training,  especially  in  the 
study  of  language,  is  a  necessary  qualification  for  the 
successful  study  of  law ;  secondly,  that  the  study  of 
law  should  be  regular,  systematic,  and  earnest,  not 
intermittent,  desultory,  or  perfunctory ;  thirdly,  that 
the  study  should  be  prosecuted  for  a  length  of  time 
bearing  some  reasonable  proportion  to  the  magnitude 
and  difficulty  of  the  subject.  Accordingly,  to  secure 
the  first  of  these  objects,  we  have  established  an  exam- 
ination for  admission  for  such  as  are  not  graduates. 
To  secure  the  third,  we  have  made  three  years  of 
study  necessary  in  all  cases  for  a  degree.  To  secure 
the  second,  we  have  done  several  things.  First,  we 
have  established  a  course  of  study  which  we  require 
to  be  pursued  in  the  prescribed  order.  Secondly,  we 
have  established  annual  examinations  to  be  held  at  the 
end  of  each  year  in  the  work  of  that  year.  Thirdly,  we 
require  every  candidate  for  a  degree  to  pass  his  exam- 
inations in  the  studies  of  the  first  year  at  the  end  of 
his  first  year  as  a  condition  of  being  admitted  into  the 
second  year,  and  in  the  studies  of  the  second  year  as 
a  condition  of  being  admitted  into  the  third  year ;  and 
we  do  not  permit  any  one  to  pass  his  examinations  in 
the  studies  of  any  year  unless  he  has  been  regularly 
admitted  into  that  year  at  the  beginning  of  the  year. 


88  THE    LAW    SCHOOL    DAT. 

In  other  words,  we  do  not  permit  any  one  to  pass 
examinations  in  any  studies  except  those  of  the  year 
to  which  he  belongs.  Fourthly,  we  have  increased 
the  amount  of  instruction,  in  the  last  seventeen  years, 
from  ten  hours  a  week  to  thirty-six  hours  a  week. 
This  enables  us  to  give  the  whole  of  the  three  years' 
course  every  year,  thus  giving  to  each  class  its  appro- 
priate instruction. 

The  result  of  all  these  measures  is  that  the  School  is 
strictly  divided  into  three  classes,  each  class  doing  the 
work  which  belongs  to  its  year,  and  every  man  having 
the  strongest  possible  inducements  to  do  his  work  as 
it  should  be  done  and  when  it  should  be  done. 

Let  it  not  be  supposed  that  we  are  unmindful  of  the 
work  of  our  predecessors ;  we  should  indeed  be  un- 
grateful if  we  were.  We  do  not  forget  that  they 
began  with  nothing,  while  we  have  enjoyed  the  fruits 
of  all  their  labors.  We  do  not  wish  to  disguise  the 
fact  that  we  could  not  have  done  our  work,  had  we 
not  had  the  labors  of  our  predecessors  to  build  upon 
as  a  foundation. 

Nor  are  we  unmindful  of  the  support  and  encour- 
agement which  we  have  constantly  received  from  the 
President  of  the  University.  He  has  never  hesitated, 
wavered,  or  faltered  when  any  responsibility  was  to 
be  assumed  or  work  to  be  done. 

Lastly,  we  are  not  unmindful  of  the  support  we 
have  received  from  the  students  of  the  School,  both 
while  they  were  in  the  School  and  since  they  have 
left  it.  Without  their  support  and  co-operation,  the 
various  measures  to  which  I  have  referred  (many  of 


HON.   SAMUEL  E.   SEW  ALL'S  ADDRESS.  89 

which  could  not  have  been  expected  to  be  popular 
measures)  could  never  have  been  maintained.  It  has 
been  in  a  great  degree  the  eagerness  with  which  they 
have  always  encountered  difficulties,  the  ability  with 
which  they  have  followed  the  subtlest  lines  of  reason- 
ing, and  detected  the  slightest  flaws  or  sophistries  in 
argument,  and  the  persistence  with  which  they  have 
refused  to  be  satisfied  so  long  as  any  doubt  remained 
in  their  minds  to  be  cleared  up,  that  has  given  to 
the  instructors  such  success  as  they  have  achieved. 
Finally,  it  is  almost  wholly  to  their  testimony,  both 
while  in  the  School  and  after  leaving  it,  that  the 
School  is  indebted  for  such  public  recognition  as  it 
has  received. 

THE  PRESIDENT  :  Gentlemen,  the  origin  of  our  School  does 
not  go  back  into  the  remotest  antiquity.  I  rather  supposed 
myself  to  be  about  the  oldest  graduate  ;  but  I  find  that  there 
are  others  here  who  surpass  me  in  that  particular.  We  are 
fortunate  in  having  among  us  a  gentleman  who  entered  the 
School  at  its  very  origin,  and  who,  having  passed  through  a 
long  career  of  usefulness  in  his  profession,  remains  at  a  green 
old  age  to  take  satisfaction  in  our  present  enterprise.  I  beg 
to  present  to  you  Hon.  SAMUEL  E.  SEWALL. 

Mr.  Sewall  received  a  very  enthusiastic  greeting,  at  the 
conclusion  of  which  he  said :  — 


HON.   SAMUEL  E.   SEWALL. 

MR.  PRESIDENT,  —  It  gives  me  the  highest  pleasure 
to  meet  so  large  an  assembly  of  lawyers,  especially 
when  they  are  engaged  in  so  noble  a  work  as  the 


90  THE    LAW    SCHOOL    DAY. 

improvement  of  legal  education,  and  assisting  the 
Harvard  Law  School.  When  I  look  back  upon  my 
early  entrance  upon  the  profession,  I  see  that  the 
state  of  law  at  that  time,  especially  the  remedial  part 
of  it,  was  wretched.  I  seem  to  have  lived  in  the  dark 
ages.  The  first  principle  was  that  no  man,  excepting 
in  certain  special  cases,  could  be  a  witness  for  himself. 
That  was  the  strong  principle  on  which  the  law  was 
based.  And  no  person  that  had  the  slightest  interest 
in  a  case  could  be  a  witness  for  the  party  to  be  bene- 
fited by  his  testimony.  The  first  principle,  at  that 
time,  of  remedial  law  was,  in  England  and  all  over 
the  United  States,  to  exclude  one  of  the  best  means 
of  obtaining  evidence  and  getting  at  truth.  Wise 
men  seemed  to  think,  in  those  days,  that  to  exclude 
any  sort  of  evidence  was  to  assist  at  getting  at  the 
truth,  because  all  men  were  liars. 

That,  you  know,  is  all  changed.  Then  the  next 
miserable  thing  in  our  law  was  the  state  of  pleading. 
The  artificial  logical  system,  by  which  it  was  sup- 
posed that  justice  was  promoted,  proved  in  practice  a 
complete  failure;  and  every  person  who  practised  at 
that  time  will  admit,  I  think,  that  it  was  a  terrible 
period.  Either  a  plaintiff  or  defendant  might  be 
driven  out  of  court  upon  a  point  of  pleading  which 
had  nothing  to  do  with  the  real  merits  of  the  action 
or  the  defence.  Now,  I  repeat,  that  was  a  wretched 
state  of  things. 

Then,  also,  we  may  look  a  little  further.  We  find 
that  the  Supreme  Court  had  not  full  equity  juris- 
diction. Their  equity  jurisdiction  was  exceedingly 


HON.   SAMUEL  E.   SEW  ALL'S   ADDRESS.  91 

meagre ;  and  it  frequently  happened  that  a  man  had 
a  good  case  in  law,  —  that  is,  had  a  right  which  was 
recognized  by  all  the  courts,  —  but  the  remedies  of 
the  common  law  were  entirely  insufficient  to  vindicate 
those  rights.  He  could  not  get  an  injunction  in  many 
cases;  he  could  not  bring  an  action  to  enforce  the 
specific  performance  of  a  contract ;  and  in  many  ways 
in  which  the  direct  remedies  of  equity  would  be  use- 
ful the  common  law  refused  to  act.  This  was  ac- 
knowledged by  the  courts,  and  has  all  been  remedied 
since  by  our  Supreme  Court  gaining  full  equity 
jurisdiction. 

Then  there  is  another  thing  which  at  that  time  was 
very  bad.  We  had  no  Court  of  Insolvency.  Fre- 
quently nothing  was  done  when  a  man  failed ;  but  a 
scramble  of  the  creditors  to  attach  his  property  en- 
sued. If  he  made  an  assignment,  the  assignment  was 
not  always  just,  —  that  is,  it  did  not  put  all  the  cred- 
itors upon  an  equality.  There  has  been  no  remedy 
known  for  this  except  an  insolvency  system.  A  na- 
tional bankrupt  act  would  be  more  perfect  if  we 
could  get  one ;  but,  so  far  as  the  State  goes,  our 
insolvency  system  is  a  very  good  one. 

All  these  defects  in  legal  remedies  have,  as  you 
know,  been  to  a  great  extent  removed. 

I  might  go  further,  and  specify  other  branches  of 
the  law  that  have  been  improved ;  but  I  do  not  think 
it  would  be  just  to  trespass  upon  your  time  in  that 
way.  It  seems  to  me  indeed,  that,  taking  it  alto- 
gether, the  present  state  of  the  law  in  Massachusetts, 
as  amended  by  statute,  is  as  great  an  improvement 


92  THE    LAW    SCHOOL    DAY. 

upon  the  old  system  as  that  magnificent  Austin  Hall 
is  over  the  humble  place  in  which  I  studied  law. 

There  is  one  branch  of  the  law,  however,  which 
has  been  greatly  expanded  since  I  began  practice,  and 
that  is  the  abstruse  doctrine  of  fees  and  retainers, 
which  has  been  studied  with  great  success,  not  only 
in  this  State,  but,  I  believe,  still  more  in  our  sister 
State  of  New  York.  In  that  State,  indeed,  the  re- 
searches of  the  profession  have  really  thrown  a  golden 
light  on  this  subject. 

THE  PRESIDENT  :  I  will  not  at  this  time  enter  into  any 
controversy  with  my  venerable  friend  in  regard  to  New  York 
practices.  I  must  allow  him  to  have  his  way  in  that  partic- 
ular ;  besides,  I  suspect  there  is  great  truth  in  it.  That 
comity,  gentlemen,  which  is  taught  by  the  law,  and  which  I 
hope  will  always  be  practised,  advises  us,  and  for  other  rea- 
sons it  is  entirely  agreeable,  that  we  should  hear,  if  possible, 
some  gentlemen  of  the  legal  profession  in  other  parts  of  the 
country.  We  now  have  with  us  a  distinguished  gentleman 
from  Michigan.  I  beg  to  introduce  to  you  Hon.  THOMAS  M. 
COOLEY,  late  Chief  Justice  of  Michigan. 

Judge  Cooley,  on  rising,  was  greeted  with  applause.  He 
said :  — 


HON.   THOMAS  M.   COOLEY. 

COMING  from  a  distant  State  to  look  in  upon  Har- 
vard in  the  day  of  its  festivity,  I  have  something  of 
that  feeling  which  we  may  suppose  would  have  thrilled 
the  explorer,  Ponce  de  Leon,  if  in  his  search  for  the 
fountain  of  youth  he  had  found  the  myth  a  reality, 
and  been  permitted  a  sight  of  the  waters  of  perennial 


HON.   THOMAS  M.   COOLEY'S   ADDRESS.  93 

renovation.  For  here,  indeed,  we  stand  in  the  pres- 
ence of  a  true  fountain  of  perpetual  youth.  Empires 
will  be  built  up  and  be  overthrown,  but  Harvard  goes 
on  forever,  with  a  perpetual  renewal  of  lusty  youth, 
and  a  perpetual  taking  on  of  new  vigor  and  new  capa- 
bilities. For  Harvard  there  is  neither  fear  of  time, 
nor  doubt  of  time's  beneficence ;  and  while  trees  grow 
and  waters  run,  this  school  of  learning  will  be  noting 
the  vicissitudes  of  nations,  as  they  rise  and  fall,  and 
calmly  teaching  the  moral  of  their  story  to  the  youth 
of  successive  generations. 

But  the  Law  School  of  Harvard,  which  more  im- 
mediately receives  our  attention  to-day,  has  a  life  and 
a  vigor  of  its  own,  which  has  impressed  the  political 
institutions  of  the  country  more  than  most  of  us  per- 
haps have  realized.  You  who  have  gathered  in  this 
hall  for  good  fellowship  and  pleasant  reminiscence, 
though  yourselves  a  part  of  its  strength  arid  its  great- 
ness, will  very  naturally  have  the  Law  School  in  mind 
in  its  personal  rather  than  its  general  aspects;  but 
one  who  unfortunately  cannot  claim  the  personal  re- 
lation, but  who  nevertheless  for  many  years  has 
observed  how  Harvard,  by  its  teachings  and  by  the 
leadership  of  strong  minds,  has  built  itself  into  the 
political  institutions  of  the  land,  making  every  com- 
monwealth and  every  municipality  the  better  for  its 
sound  law  and  wholesome  constitutional  doctrine,  must 
be  permitted  to  look  beyond  the  membership,  and  to 
say  a  word  of  results  which  have  been  the  most  strik- 
ing and  impressive  of  all  its  grand  realities.  Those 
who  are  of  the  brotherhood  may  take  delight  in  the 


94  THE    LAW    SCHOOL    DAY. 

men  who,  in  the  forum  or  the  senate,  have  made  the 
Law  School  famous ;  but  one  who  is  not  of  the  house- 
hold may  as  an  American  indulge  his  patriotic  pride 
in  contemplating  what  it  has  done  for  the  whole 
country,  and  in  confident  anticipation  of  what  it  will 
do  hereafter.  Its  beneficent  influence  has  not  been 
bounded  by  State  lines,  or  limited  to  sectional  divi- 
sions. The  most  adventurous  pioneer  who  pene- 
trates the  remote  wilderness  is  likely,  if  his  rights 
are  brought  in  controversy,  to  find  them  determined 
on  the  authority  of  Harvard's  great  teachers ;  and  the 
political  philosopher  who  studies  the  constitutional 
unity  in  diversity  which  the  founders  of  the  Republic 
hoped  for  but  did  not  live  to  realize,  will  remember 
that  the  teachings  of  the  Harvard  Law  School  led 
steadily  up  to  the  great  consummation,  and  that  there 
went  out  from  it  an  influence,  born  not  less  of  con- 
viction than  of  sentiment,  which  in  the  hour  of  na- 
tional peril  was  as  necessary  to  unity  as  the  army 
itself.  Indeed,  it  was  the  firm  belief  in  the  Federal 
Constitution  as  an  instrument  of  indissoluble  union 
that  made  an  invincible  army  possible ;  so  that  it  is 
no  small  part  of  the  just  renown  of  Harvard  that  its 
legal  oracles  perceived  the  truth  from  the  first,  and 
maintained  the  faith,  and  taught  it  until  it  became 
irresistible. 

It  has  been  my  fortune  to  be  to  some  extent  in 
various  ways  a  teacher  of  the  law ;  and  in  what  I 
have  done  in  that  field  I  have  taken  pleasure  in  seek- 
ing wisdom  from  Harvard,  and  in  accepting  its  guid- 
ance, —  whether  in  presenting  the  principles  of  right 


HON.  THOMAS  M.  COOLEY'S  ADDRESS.       95 

which  lie  at  the  foundation  of  our  inherited  institu- 
tions, or  in  pointing  out  the  necessary  dependence  of 
true  liberty  upon  steady  administration  of  law,  or  in 
inculcating  the  nobility  of  the  lawyer's  calling,  which 
should  be  at  once  the  effective  instrument  of  justice 
and  of  true  benevolence.  If  my  efforts  have  not  been 
in  vain,  I  have  done  something  to  make  the  fact  ob- 
vious, that,  aside  from  physical  needs,  the  State  is 
most  of  all  dependent  for  the  happiness  of  its  people 
upon  a  clear  recognition  and  ready  acceptance  of  the 
rules  which  determine  and  protect  our  rights.  The 
sense  of  security,  upon  which  public  content  not  less 
than  public  liberty  depends,  must  spring  mainly  from 
a  steady  administration  of  just  laws ;  and  we  fail  to 
appreciate  the  dignity  of  our  profession  if  we  look 
for  it  either  in  profundity  of  learning  or  in  forensic 
triumphs.  These,  however  striking  and  notable,  are 
only  means  to  the  great  end  for  which  the  profession 
exists.  Its  reason  for  being  must  be  found  in  the 
effective  aid  it  renders  to  justice,  and  in  the  sense  it 
gives  of  public  security  through  its  steady  support  of 
public  order. 

These  are  commonplaces,  but  the  strength  of  the 
law  lies  in  its  commonplace  character ;  and  it  becomes 
feeble  and  untrustworthy  when  it  expresses  something 
different  from  the  common  thoughts  of  men.  Harvard 
in  the  past  has  been  a  great  school  of  the  common 
law ;  and  it  will  be  a  great  school  of  a  nobler  common 
law  in  the  future,  as  the  common  law  improves  with 
an  improving  and  elevating  humanity.  So  may  it 
be  !  And  we  in  the  distant  West,  whether  between  the 


96  THE    LAW    SCHOOL    DAY. 

great  lakes,  or  on  the  boundless  prairies,  or  over  the 
snow-crowned  mountains,  will  bare  our  heads  to  it 
reverently  as  we  behold  it  still  "  nourishing  a  youth 
sublime,"  while  its  "  centuries  behind  it  like  a  fruitful 
land  repose." 

THE  PRESIDENT  :  Of  course  we  are  all  of  the  opinion  that 
the  Law  School  is  by  far  the  most  important  department  of  the 
University ;  but  at  the  same  time  we  must  not  forget  that  the 
University  does  exist,  and  should  be  noticed  on  this  occasion. 
Allow  me,  therefore,  to  present  to  you  President  ELIOT. 


PKESIDENT   ELIOT. 

As  President  Eliot  rose  he  was  greeted  with  tremendous 
applause  and  "  Fair  Harvard."  After  the  applause  had  sub- 
sided, he  said  :  — 

MR.  PRESIDENT  AND  GENTLEMEN,  —  Formerly  it  was 
not  the  custom  for  the  President  of  Harvard  College 
to  have  anything  to  do  with  the  professional  schools. 
I  remember  the  first  time  I  went  into  Dane  Hall  after 
I  was  elected  President.  It  was  in  the  autumn  of 
1869,  a  few  weeks  after  the  term  began.  I  knocked 
at  a  door,  which  many  of  you  remember,  —  the  first 
door  on  the  right  after  going  through  the  outside  door 
of  the  Hall,  —  and,  entering,  received  the  usual  salu- 
tation of  the  ever  genial  Governor  Washburn,  "  Oh, 
how  are  you  ?  Take  a  chair,"  —  this  without  look- 
ing at  me  at  all.  "When  he  saw  who  it  was,  he  held  up 
both  his  hands  with  his  favorite  gesture,  and  said,  "  I 
declare,  I  never  before  saw  a  President  of  Harvard 


PRESIDENT  ELIOT'S  ADDRESS.  97 

College  in  this  building  !  "  Still,  all  precedent  to  the 
contrary  notwithstanding,  I  did  propose  to  make  my- 
self acquainted  with  the  needs  and  plans  of  all  the 
departments,  and  particularly  of  the  Law  School  as 
one  of  the  most  important.  Then  and  there  I  took  a 
lesson  under  one  of  the  kindest  and  most  sympathetic 
of  teachers. 

The  next  winter  Professor  Parsons,  one  of  the  veter- 
ans of  the  School,  resigned,  and  the  Dane  professorship 
became  vacant.  Then  I  remembered  that  when  I  was 
a  junior  in  college,  in  the  year  1851-1852,  and  used 
to  go  often  in  the  early  evening  to  the  room  of  a  friend 
who  was  in  the  Divinity  School,  I  there  heard  a  young 
man  who  was  making  the  notes  to  "  Parsons  on  Con- 
tracts "  talk  about  law.  He  was  generally  eating  his 
supper  at  the  time,  standing  up  in  front  of  the  fire 
and  eating  with  good  appetite  a  bowl  of  brown  bread 
and  milk.  I  was  a  mere  boy,  only  eighteen  years  old ; 
but  it  was  given  to  me  to  understand  that  I  was  listen- 
ing to  a  man  of  genius.  In  the  year  1870  I  recalled 
the  remarkable  quality  of  that  young  man's  exposi- 
tions, sought  him  in  New  York,  and  induced  him  to 
become  Dane  professor.  So  he  became  Professor 
Langdell.  He  then  told  me,  in  1870,  a  great  many 
of  the  things  he  has  told  you  this  afternoon :  I  have 
heard  most  of  his  speech  before.  He  told  me  that 
law  was  a  science:  I  was  quite  prepared  to  believe 
it.  He  told  me  that  the  way  to  study  a  science  was 
to  go  to  the  original  sources.  I  knew  that  was  true, 
for  I  had  been  brought  up  in  the  science  of  chemistry 
myself;  and  one  of  the  first  rules  of  a  conscientious 


98  THE   LAW    SCHOOL    DAY. 

student  of  science  is  never  to  take  a  fact  or  a  principle 
out  of  second-hand  treatises,  but  to  go  to  the  original 
memoir  of  the  discoverer  of  that  fact  or  principle. 
Out  of  these  two  fundamental  propositions,  —  that  law 
is  a  science,  and  that  a  science  is  to  be  studied  in  its 
sources,  —  there  gradually  grew,  first,  a  new  method 
of  teaching  law ;  and  secondly,  a  reconstruction  of  the 
curriculum  of  the  School. 

So,  with  great  patience,  in  the  course  of  fifteen  or  six- 
teen years,  chiefly,  as  Professor  Langdell  has  pointed 
out,  by  the  steady  devotion  of  the  professors  to  a  pol- 
icy of  thoroughness,  and  through  the  zeal  and  intel- 
ligence with  which  that  policy  has  been  apprehended 
and  adopted  by  the  most  successful  students  of  the 
School,  —  gradually,  as  I  say,  building  on  all  that  was 
good  in  the  past,  this  School  has  been  converted  into  a 
scientific  school  of  law  without  losing  its  best  qualities 
as  a  practical  school  of  law.  I  have  witnessed  no 
change  in  the  University  during  the  last  seventeen 
years  which  is  more  satisfactory  to  all  those  who 
have  taken  part  in  it,  or  more  important  with  refer- 
ence to  the  ultimate  interests  of  the  community,  than 
this  development. 

I  need  not  say  that  I  have  seen  four  professors 
added  to  the  Faculty  since  Professor  Langdell's  ac- 
cession ;  and  if  genius  be  a  remarkable  capacity  for 
work,  they  are  all  men  of  genius. 

Gentlemen,  in  the  presence  of  this  distinguished 
assembly  of  lawyers  it  would  be  unbecoming  in  me, 
who  am  the  only  layman  present,  to  say  more.  No 
University  event  has  been  more  agreeable  to  me 


GEN.  ALEXANDER  K.  LAWTON'S  ADDRESS.  99 

during  the  last  seventeen  years  than  the  institution  of 
this  Association.  For  it  tells  all  of  us  who  have  our 
hearts  in  this  School  and  earnestly  desire  its  future 
prosperity,  that  the  School  is  to  receive  that  without 
which  no  professional  school  can  greatly  prosper,  —  the 
cordial  support  of  the  profession  which  it  feeds. 

THE  PRESIDENT:  I  think,  gentlemen,  that  it  was  always 
one  of  the  passions,  so  to  speak,  of  those  who  have  presided 
over  the  destinies  of  the  Law  School  to  cultivate  the  senti- 
ment of  the  unity  of  our  nation.  Some  of  them  passed  away 
before  that  fearful  conflict  came  which  rent  it  in  twain.  I 
think,  however,  it  is  a  most  fortunate  circumstance  that  we 
inaugurate  the  present  movement  with  a  reunited  land,  which 
gives  us  the  advantage  of  hearing  from  those  former  members 
of  the  School  who  came  from  the  South,  —  a  pleasure  of  which 
we  might  otherwise  be  deprived.  And  I  now  have  the  pleasure 
of  introducing  to  you  Gen.  ALEXANDER  R.  LAWTON,  of  Georgia, 
who  graduated  from  the  Law  School  in  1842. 


GEN.   ALEXANDER  R.  LAWTON. 

As  General  Lawton  rose,  Mr.  Roger  Wolcott  proposed 
"  three  cheers  for  General  Lawton,  of  Georgia,"  which  were 
vigorously  given,  and  were  followed  by  loud  applause.  When 
this  had  subsided,  General  LAWTON  said :  — 

IT  seems  that  my  place  in  the  "  short  calendar " 
has  been  reached.  I  promise  to  keep  within  the  time 
prescribed.  You  will  doubtless  discover  also  that  my 
part  is  in  keeping  with  that  other  characteristic  as- 
cribed to  the  short  calendar  by  our  President,  — 
"  there  is  very  little  in  it." 


100  THE    LAW    SCHOOL    DAY. 

When  I  was  kindly  invited  to  join  with  those  who 
had  been  members  of  the  Harvard  Law  School  in 
forming  this  Association,  I  was  much  impressed  by  a 
sentence  in  the  address  of  your  presiding  officer  at  the 
preliminary  meeting,  as  reported  in  a  newspaper  which 
reached  me  at  the  same  time.  "  Fortunately,"  said 
he,  "there  is  now  no  serious  danger  of  a  physical 
disruption  of  this  great  government,  but  possibly  of 
a  chemical  disintegration  for  want  of  that  connection 
and  association  with  and  knowledge  of  each  other 
which  lead  to  mutual  confidence  and  affection,"  —  and 
gave  that  as  a  good  reason  for  thus  calling  us  together. 
I  believe  it  was  the  gentleman  on  my  right  [turning  to 
Hon.  George  0.  Shattuck]  who  uttered  this  sentiment, 
and  I  heartily  indorse  and  respond  to  every  word  of 
it.  It  seems  to  me  that,  next  to  the  promotion  of  the 
highest  order  of  legal  education,  the  very  object  for 
which  we  should  come  together  is  to  supply  that  de- 
ficiency and  avert  that  danger. 

How  much  better  do  we  of  the  North  and  the  South 
really  know  each  other  now  than  we  did  twenty -five 
years  ago,  before  the  great  collision  took  place !  We 
have  learned  by  contact ;  and  the  world  now  knows, 
as  matter  of  history,  that  it  was  not  all  temper  and 
ebullition  on  the  one  side,  nor  all  calculation  and 
money-loving  on  the  other,  —  as  many  on  both  sides 
had  believed.  The  great  struggle  has  demonstrated 
that  sentiment  existed  and  controlled  in  the  highest 
degree  in  this  colder  region,  where  money-loving  and 
money-getting  were  supposed  by  some  to  have  absolute 
sway,  —  that  under  a  warmer  sun  heroic  endurance  of 


GEN.  ALEXANDER  R.   LAWTON'S  ADDRESS.         101 

suffering,  of  loss,  of  poverty,  of  disappointment,  was 
exhibited  to  an  extent  rarely  if  ever  seen  before  in  the 
history  of  war,  where  ebullitions  of  temper  and  momen- 
tary displays  of  courage  were  believed  to  constitute  the 
great  gifts  of  that  people.  I  invade  not  the  domain  of 
politics,  and  only  allude  to  sectional  strife  that  we  may 
discover  how  much  has  been  accomplished  by  actual 
association,  better  knowledge,  and  even  physical  con- 
tact with  each  other,  —  though  much  of  that  contact 
may  have  occurred  on  the  field  of  battle. 

Having  learned  more  fully  to  appreciate  the  differ- 
ences caused  by  origin,  climate,  early  training,  occu- 
pation, and  other  belongings,  we  now  know  that  it  is 
not  possible,  nor  indeed  desirable,  in  a  country  with 
such  an  area  as  this  —  thirty-eight  States  and  numer- 
ous Territories  —  for  all  to  be  alike  in  feelings,  views, 
habits,  and  manners.  Thank  God  !  we  can  now  come 
together  without  explanation  or  apology,  and  confi- 
dently expect  that  these  minor  differences  will  not 
merely  be  tolerated  but  appreciated,  in  order  that, 
where  unity  and  concentration  are  of  greatest  im- 
portance, we  may  the  more  readily  move  on  together 
in  solid  phalanx. 

For  my  part,  gentlemen,  having  enjoyed  the  advan- 
tages of  the  Harvard  Law  School  in  the  last  days  of 
Story  and  Greenleaf,  you  will  pardon  me  if  I  am  not 
only  loyal  to  their  memories,  but  also  to  their  methods 
of  teaching,  from  which  I  derived  not  only  such  sincere 
pleasure,  but  so  large  a  part  of  whatever  professional 
training  I  ever  received.  Without  referring,  except 
in  praise,  to  your  present  methods  of  instruction,  in 


102  THE    LAW    SCHOOL    DAY. 

this  presence,  I  stand  by  the  men  and  the  methods  of 
that  day.  Unlike  the  distinguished  gentleman  on  my 
left  [Judge  Cooley],  I  am  moved  by  pleasant  memories 
and  " personal  experience"  amid  these  surroundings, 
and  cannot  refer  to  them  without  emotion.  What  a 
privilege  to  sit  under  the  teachings  of  Story  and 
Greenleaf !  No  man  with  intellect  or  soul  could  fail 
to  appreciate  it.  I  speak  not  here  of  those  grander 
gifts  and  attainments  which  gave  to  Story  his  world- 
wide reputation ;  but  who  that  ever  felt  their  influ- 
ence can  forget  his  genial  manner,  happy  temper,  and 
charming  methods  of  beguiling  you  into  a  love  of 
the  law  I  Some  of  you  have  seen  him  preside  at  a 
Moot  Court,  when  he  would  say,  "  Gentlemen,  this 
is  the  High  Court  of  Errors  and  Appeals  from  all 
other  courts  in  the -world;  "  then  he  would  add,  "Tell 
me  not  of  the  last  decided  case  having  overruled  any 
great  principle,  —  not  at  all.  Give  me  the  principle, 
even  if  you  find  it  laid  down  in  the  Institutes  of  Hin- 
du Law."  Pardon  me  for  enjoying  the  conviction 
that  such  methods  were  not  vicious,  even  though  an- 
tiquated !  I  well  remember  in  what  terms  of  exalted 
praise  the  Chief  Justice  of  England  spoke  of  Green- 
leaf,  at  an  entertainment  where  it  was  my  fortune  to 
be  present.  He  declined  to  regard  his  fame  as  all  be- 
longing to  us,  but  said  that  England  claimed  him  as 
well,  and  that  "  wherever  there  is  an  English-speaking 
people  living  under  English  law,  Greenleaf  is  recog- 
nized as  high  authority."  It  was  through  these  men 
—  their  example  and  their  teachings  —  that  I  was 
brought  into  loving  association  with  Harvard  and  its 


GEN.   ALEXANDER  R.  LAWTON'S  ADDRESS.         103 

surroundings.  I  can  never  forget  and  only  desire  to 
perpetuate  them.  I  travel  not  far  out  of  this  line  of 
thought  when  I  add,  that  the  advantages  of  Harvard 
in  all  its  departments  are  most  happily  affected  by 
social  surroundings  and  a  literary  atmosphere.  The 
most  cultivated  community  in  America  adds  all  its 
attractions  to  the  sterner  opportunities  within  college 
walls,  and  these  unite  to  reach  the  happiest  results. 

In  attaching  so  much  importance  to  this  "face  to 
face  "  instruction,  we  may  be  met  by  the  scholar  with 
a  protest.  "  Come  with  me  to  the  library,"  he  says ; 
"  there  learn  from  books,  through  which  the  great,  the 
wise,  the  gifted  of  earth,  not  as  they  lived  in  mate- 
rial forms  with  the  frailties  of  our  common  humanity 
about  them,  but  as  in  moments  of  purest  inspiration 
and  sublimest  achievement  made  .their  thoughts  and 
themselves  immortal."  I  still  venture  to  insist  on 
the  greater  advantages  of  that  method  of  instruc- 
tion, where  the  voice  and  eye  and  ear  all  combine  to 
stimulate  and  enlighten,  and  the  human  countenance, 
with  its  magnetic  power,  leads  on  to  affection,  desire, 
and  accomplishment. 

One  word  more,  and  I  take  my  seat.  Gentlemen  of 
the  legal  profession,  during  that  period  of  darkness 
familiarly  known  as  the  "  reconstruction  period "  the 
first  ray  of  light  to  illumine  it  was  flashed  forth  from 
the  judicial  department  of  the  government.  When 
that  South-land  was  under  military-proconsular  gov- 
ernment, and  divided  into  "  Districts  Number  One, 
Two,  Three,"  we  trembled  for  the  autonomy  of  the 
States,  and  feared  lest  the  lines  of  State  authority  had 


104  THE    LAW    SCHOOL    DAY. 

become  so  dim  that  they  might  nevermore  be  seen 
by  that  unhappy  people.  Then  it  was  that  out  of 
our  profession,  in  a  case  at  law  earnestly  argued  and 
solemnly  decided,  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States  electrified  the  country  and  gladdened  our  hearts 
by  the  announcement  that  this  is  "  an  indissoluble 
Union  of  indestructible  States."  Who  so  bold  as  to 
seriously  dispute  it,  after  the  highest  Court  in  the 
land,  with  the  recent  past  in  view,  thus  proclaimed 
the  fundamental  law  of  this  dual  government  I  Noth- 
ing is  so  powerful  to  convince  or  restrain  as  a  formal 
judicial  decision  reached  through  regular  channels. 
Nothing  that  Congress  could  have  said,  no  utterances 
from  pulpit  or  public  meeting,  could  have  been  so 
comforting  or  reassuring  in  that  hour  of  suffering 
and  uncertainty.  And  thus  are  we  permitted  to  claim 
for  our  noble  profession  the  first  rank  in  the  final 
disposition  of  great  and  pressing  questions. 

Brethren  of  the  Bar,  what  event  can  make  us  feel 
more  proud  of  our  profession? 

I  fear  that  I  have  been  beguiled  by  my  theme  to 
break  my  promise  and  forget  the  limit  of  time  as- 
signed me.  May  we  often  meet  again  as  we  do  to- 
day !  I  came  with  happy  memories  of  Harvard  and 
its  belongings,  in  the  long-gone  past.  I  shall  now  go 
away  with  relations  to  it  made  still  happier  and  more 
tender  by  the  events  and  recollections  of  to-day. 

THE  PRESIDENT  :  Gentlemen,  the  great  and  principal  object, 
after  all,  of  a  legal  education  is  to  minister  to  the  actual  busi- 
ness of  life,  and  to  create  a  profession  the  members  of  which 
in  the  actual  business  of  life  shall  be  able  to  bear  their  part. 


HON.  GEORGE  O.  SHATTUCK'S  ADDRESS.     105 

And  it  is  very  important  that  that  class  of  men  should  cor- 
rectly appreciate  and  be  correctly  appreciated  by  this  School. 
I  am  going  to  call  upon  a  gentleman  who  is  a  representative 
of  that  class.  I  beg  to  present  Hon.  GEORGE  0.  SHATTUCK, 
of  Boston. 


HON.  GEORGE  0.  SHATTUCK. 

GENTLEMEN  OF  THE  HARVARD  LAW-SCHOOL  ASSOCIATION  : 

THE  Bar  took  no  part  in  laying  the  foundations  of 
Harvard  College.  We  can  make  no  claim  here  to-day 
by  reason  of  that  service.  Although  some  of  the  men 
—  those  eminent  and  sagacious  men  —  who  promoted 
the  founding  of  this  college  had  read  law  in  England, 
the  atmosphere  was  not  favorable  to  the  practice  of  the 
law,  and  in  1636  there  were  no  lawyers  in  the  infant 
colony.  It  was  most  unfortunate  for  the  colony.  No 
man  can  read  the  gloomy  records  of  the  seventeenth 
century  without  regret  that  those  dismal  years  of 
poverty  and  theological  strife  were  not  illumined  by 
the  gladsome  light  of  jurisprudence.  So  feeble  were 
the  beginnings,  that  Harvard  College  had  arrived  at 
the  age  of  more  than  fifty  years  before  she  gave  birth 
to  one  properly  educated  lawyer.  Judge  Benjamin 
Lynde  is  believed  to  have  been  the  first.  It  was  not 
until  after  the  Revolution,  after  the  college  had  arrived 
at  the  ripe  age  of  one  hundred  and  forty-eight  years, 
that  she  admitted  a  lawyer  to  her  councils  to  take  part 
as  a  member  of  the  corporation.  The  man  who  re- 
ceived this  honor  was  John  Lowell,  and  from  that  day 
to  this  the  name  has  been  illustrious  in  the  annals  of 


106  THE    LAW    SCHOOL    DAY. 

the  college ;  and  if  I  may  quote  the  opinion  of  Dr. 
Walker,  given  twenty-five  years  ago,  it  ought  to  stand 
first  among  the  benefactors  of  Harvard  College  and  of 
the  city  of  Boston. 

From  that  day,  when  the  college  first  received  the 
wise  counsel  of  one  of  our  brethren,  the  Bar  has  never 
been  without  a  strong  representation  in  its  manage- 
ment. For  a  century  the  Bar  has  given  its  best  to 
the  college.  In  the  corporation  have  been  Theophilus 
Parsons,  Christopher  Gore,  Charles  Jackson,  Harrison 
Gray  Otis,  Joseph  Story,  Lemuel  Shaw,  Benjamin  R. 
Curtis,  Charles  G.  Loring,  George  T.  Bigelow,  and 
others  among  the  living  whom  I  will  not  name.  Chris- 
topher Gore  was  for  many  years  the  largest  benefactor 
of  the  college.  Since  the  overseers  have  been  elected 
by  the  alumni,  the  majority  of  that  body  have  been 
bred  to  the  law.  Some  of  them,  it  is  true,  have  wan- 
dered from  its  rugged  paths  into  the  more  inviting 
fields  of  literature  and  politics,  but  I  can  safely  say 
that  the  great  educational  movement  of  the  last  ten 
years  has  been  supported  by  our  profession;  and  if 
any  wholesome  limitations  have  been  placed  on  the 
autocratic  power  which  with  so  much  wisdom  and 
vigor  now  rules  the  college,  our  fraternity  have  had 
a  large  share  in  imposing  them.  And  while  our  pro- 
fession has  thus  by  slow  and  painful  steps  climbed  to 
its  place  of  power  and  influence  in  the  University,  and 
has  rendered  it  some  service,  who  can  tell  what  the 
University  has  done  for  us  ?  Even  before  it  recognized 
the  members  of  our  profession  and  admitted  them 
to  its  management,  it  had  given  us  Otis,  Adams  — 


FRANK  W.  HACKETT'S  ADDRESS.        107 

Samuel  and  John  —  and  the  Quincys,  the  great  lead- 
ers of  the  Revolution.  But  why  do  our  hearts  warm 
with  gratitude  to-day  ?  It  is  not  because  the  college 
has  done  much  for  our  profession ;  it  is  not  that  it 
has  given  us  a  few  great  lights,  more  or  less  illus- 
trious ;  but  it  is  because  we,  with  the  thousands  who 
have  been  within  its  walls,  feel  that  we  have  lived 
better,  richer,  and  stronger  lives  because  in  the  days 
of  our  youth  we  sat  in  her  seats,  and  listened  to  her 
words  of  wisdom. 

THE  PRESIDENT  :  I  have  in  mind  one  of  our  enthusiastic 
members  who  has  carried  the  renown  of  Harvard  to  a  dis- 
tance from  home.  I  think  you  will  like  to  hear  from  him  on 
this  occasion.  If  he  is  here  I  would  like  to  introduce  to  you 
FRANK  W.  HACKETT,  Esq.,  of  the  Washington  Bar. 


FKANK  W.  HACKETT. 

MR.  PRESIDENT,  —  Believing  that  I  possess  a  fair 
share  of  that  diffidence  which  is  the  crowning  glory 
of  our  profession,  I  hardly  know  what  to  do.  Under 
ordinary  circumstances  I  should  have  carefully  re- 
frained from  any  response  whatever,  and  should  have 
sought  by  disappearing  to  avoid  answering  your  very 
flattering  and  unmerited  introduction.  But,  sir,  I  will 
carry  out  the  suggestion  which  you  have  so  happily 
made,  that  you  are  upon  the  bench  as  a  Chief  Justice. 
I  shall  take  the  liberty  of  using  a  term  which  is  much 
more  familiar  to  me  than  that  of  president,  and  I  shall 
address  you  as  "Your  Honor." 


108  THE    LAW    SCHOOL    DAY. 

I  feel  upon  this  occasion,  if  your  Honor  please,  that 
I  have  been  retained  by  my  brethren  around  me  here 
to  argue  their  case  in  response  to  what  we  have  heard 
from  the  bench.  We  are  a  pretty  good-natured  set  of 
fellows,  but  we  are  not  accustomed  to  be  talked  at  for 
two  hours  without  being  given  some  chance  to  reply. 
Although  I  feel  myself  wholly  unequal  to  such  a 
task,  I  feel  it  my  duty  at  least  to  undertake  it.  I 
was  reminded,  when  considering  the  solid  chunks  of 
wisdom  which  have  come  from  that  quarter,  of  the 
opening  speech  with  which  a  young  limb  of  the  law 
addressed  the  court  early  in  his  career.  He  said : 
"  Your  Honors  do  not  sit  there  like  marble  statues, 
to  be  wafted  about  by  every  idle  breeze."  Let  me 
remind  you  that  you  have  an  advantage,  because 
you  have  been  sitting  with  your  backs  to  the  clock, 
whereas  it  has  been  staring  us  in  the  face. 

Lawyers  are  equal  to  every  occasion.  Although 
accustomed  to  speak  in  the  court-house,  they  seem 
to  do  quite  as  well  in  the  gymnasium.  I  never  have 
had  an  opportunity  myself  to  speak  or  eat  in  a  gym- 
nasium before,  but  it  seems  a  very  comfortable  sort 
of  place.  I  am  struck  with  the  fact  that  they  have 
very  appropriately  located  me  alongside  of  the  heavy 
weights.  I  am  totally  unaware  of  the  reason  why  I 
have  been  called  up.  I  did  prepare  a  speech  some 
twenty  years  ago,  but  not  having  been  called  upon 
at  that  time,  or  since,  it  has  become  I  fear  a  little 
antique.  However,  being  on  my  feet,  I  want  to  ex- 
plain one  thing.  I  am  given  to  understand  that  the 
city  where  I  live  has  a  pretty  bad  reputation.  I  want 


FRANK  W.  HACKETT'S  ADDRESS.       109 

to  explain  why  I  found  the  atmosphere  of  Boston 
altogether  too  pure  for  me,  and  so  emigrated  to 
Washington. 

My  classmate,  of  whom  I  never  was  so  proud  as  at 
this  moment,  happily  alluded  in  his  oration  this  morn- 
ing to  the  necessity  of  practical  education  in  a  law 
school.  Now  I  want  you  distinctly  to  understand 
that  a  few  of  us  got  a  practical  education  here  that 
was  somewhat  unique.  I  doubt  whether  many  of 
you  gentlemen  present  have  had  an  opportunity  to 
study  criminal  law  in  the  dock.  That  great  blessing 
was  conferred  on  me.  I  will  make  a  short  story  of  it. 
Passing  innocently  through  the  college  grounds  one 
night  (these  fellows,  by  the  way,  invariably  happen  to 
be  innocent !),  by  some  complication  I  found  myself  at 
the  station  house.  I  never  had  given  much  attention 
to  the  subject  of  bail,  but  it  became  to  me  then  a  very 
practical  question.  It  was  two  o'clock  in  the  morning 
before  I  found  my  way  to  my  domicile.  I  had  re- 
ceived a  pressing  invitation  that  night  to  meet  Judge 
Ladd  at  nine  o'clock  the  next  morning.  I  was  there ; 
and  a  large  part  of  the  Law  School  honored  me  by 
their  presence  on  that  occasion.  A  cruel  and  unus- 
ual punishment  was  inflicted  by  Mr.  Justice  Ladd  in 
the  shape  of  a  moral  lecture  of  about  half  an  hour. 
That  night  was  the  turning  point  of  my  career.  I 
emigrated. 

That  I  may  not  convey  a  wrong  impression,  I  want 
to  state,  before  I  sit  down,  that  we  have  some  people 
there  of  whom  we  are  proud.  When  I  started  out  on 
a  collecting  expedition  —  the  first  business  of  that 


110  THE    LAW    SCHOOL    DAY. 

nature  that  I  have  had  for  some  time  —  among  the 
Harvard  Law  School  graduates,  although  they  are 
not  numerous,  I  could  not  help  being  struck  with  the 
character  that  they  exhibited.  We  have  on  our  rolls 
an  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States ;  two  Cabinet  Officers  ;  the  Chief  Jus- 
tice of  the  Court  of  Claims ;  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  District  of  Columbia  ;  an  Assistant  Attor- 
ney-General of  the  United  States,  and  an  Assistant 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury;  and  —  modesty  forbids 
my  making  further  mention.  The  rest  of  us,  I  believe, 
are  not  altogether  unknown. 

THE  PRESIDENT  :  I  have  down  on  the  calendar  here  a  pro- 
fessor who  has  protested  against  being  called  upon  ;  but  I 
must  follow  out  the  programme,  and  present  to  you  Professor 
JOHN  C.  GRAY.  His  known  antipathy  to  the  perpetuities  will 
at  least  insure  us  a  short  speech. 

Professor  Gray  was  received  with  hearty  applause. 


PEOFESSOE  JOHN  C.   GEAY. 

ME.  CHAIRMAN  AND  GENTLEMEN,  — I  certainly  under- 
stood from  his  Honor  that  I  was  not  to  be  called  upon. 
Nearly  everything  that  can  be  said  about  the  School  has 
been  said,  and  there  really  is  nothing  for  me  to  add. 

Mr.  Justice  Holmes  hit  what  I  think  is  the  merit  of 
the  School,  so  far  as  it  has  any  merit,  that  we  try  to 
teach  the  law  in  a  large  manner,  but  not,  on  that 
account,  in  any  the  less  practical  way.  •  If  any  gentle- 
men present  doubt  about  the  practical  merit  of  our 
teaching,  or  if  they  have  any  friends  who  doubt  about 


PROFESSOR  JOHN  C.  GRAY'S  ADDRESS.  Ill 

it,  I  would  commend  to  them  the  little  tract  on  which 
our  examination  papers  are  printed  at  the  end  of 
every  year.  If  they  will  look  over  those  papers,  —  I 
do  not  say  it  of  every  question,  perhaps  not  of  every 
paper,  —  but  if  they  will  look  at  those  papers  taken 
together,  they  will  see  that  the  questions  relate  not 
to  fancy  or  to  merely  theoretical  points ;  they  will  see 
that  any  man  who  can  answer  all  these  papers  —  as 
many  students  whom  we  turn  out  every  year  can 
answer  them  —  is  well  fitted  to  meet  the  real  ques- 
tions which  arise  in  practice. 

When  a  doubt  occurs  to  me  whether  sometimes,  as 
is  the  danger  in  academic  teaching,  we  are  not  getting 
too  far  away  from  the  world  around  us,  I  think  of 
these  papers,  and  feel  satisfied  that  what  we  teach 
closely  touches  real  life. 

When  I  was  a  law  student  I  read  twenty  or  thirty 
text-books  through :  I  fear  little  of  them  remained  in 
my  mind.  I  had  to  begin  again  with  the  study  of 
particular  cases  and  learn  my  law  in  that  way.  We 
try  to  save  our  students  that  experience,  and  start 
them  in  the  way  of  practical  learning  three  years 
earlier  than  if,  as  is  so  often  the  case,  they  had  to 
acquire  such  learning  after  they  have  been  admitted 
to  the  Bar. 

THE  PRESIDENT  :  Well,  now,  gentlemen,  the  shades  of  night 
are  closing  about  us.  1  had  intended  calling  upon  a  very  old 
friend  of  the  University  and  this  School,  hut  he  has  protested 
against  it.  But  perhaps  Judge  HOAR  will  now  play  — 

[At  this  point  the  President  glanced  towards  Judge  Hoar, 
who  was  looking  at  him  with  a  countenance  apparently 


112  THE   LAW   SCHOOL   DAY. 

expressive  of  great  displeasure.  The  company  noticed  this 
little  by-play,  and  broke  into  loud  laughter  and  applause. 
Whereupon  the  President  resumed :] 

I  was  going  to  say  that  perhaps  Judge  HOAR  will  play  the 
office  of  crier,  and  adjourn  the  court ;  but  he  may  extend  his 
remarks  if  he  desires. 

Judge  Hoar  was  received  with  most  enthusiastic  applause. 


HON.  E.  R.  HOAE. 

I  EXPECTED,  Mr.  President,  that  you  were  calling 
me  up  as  a  reminiscence,  —  a  capacity  which,  on  re- 
flection, after  what  I  have  heard  to-day,  I  am  tolerably 
well  qualified  to  fill.  I  feel  a  good  deal  like  the  old 
friend  of  mine  who  went  to  a  public  dinner  on  one 
occasion,  and  they  said  he  was  a  most  remarkable 
old  gentleman ;  that  before  dinner  he  remembered 
General  Washington,  and  that  after  dinner  he  remem- 
bered Christopher  Columbus. 

I  was  reminded,  by  what  was  said  by  our  orator 
to-day,  that  I  have  personally  known  every  instructor 
in  the  law  at  this  University  from  the  beginning.  I 
knew,  as  a  boy,  Chief  Justice  Parker.  I  knew  Pro- 
fessor Stearns  very  well,  as  a  boy  and  as  a  young  man. 
I  had  the  pleasure  of  some  acquaintance  with  that 
model  teacher,  whose  light  went  out  too  early  for  this 
institution  and  for  the  society  around  him,  —  John 
Hooker  Ashmun,  whose  epitaph  at  Mt.  Auburn  con- 
tains that  summary  of  the  character  of  a  great  lawyer: 
"  He  had  the  beauty  of  accuracy  in  his  understanding, 
and  the  beauty  of  uprightness  in  his  character."  I 
was  here,  sharing  with  the  gentleman  from  Georgia 


HON.   E.   R.   HOAR'S  ADDRESS.  113 

on  my  left,  who  has  addressed  you,  in  the  instruction 
of  Story  and  Greenleaf ;  and  I  left  the  Law  School  to 
go  into  the  office  of  one  who  subsequently  became 
one  of  your  most  valuable  instructors,  Emory  Wash- 
burn.  My  relations  to  this  institution  are  therefore 
very  strong  and  tender.  I  have  had  the  pleasure  twice 
before  of  attending  a  dinner  of  the  graduates  of  the 
institution  and  members  of  the  Law  School.  I  do 
not  suppose  that  many  of  the  younger  part  of  this 
audience  know  that  such  a  thing  ever  occurred  be- 
fore. But  it  was  tried  on  two  occasions ;  and  I  hope 
this  third  experiment  will  differ  from  those  in  this, 
—  that  you  will  not  allow  it  to  die  out  for  want  of 
speedy  repetition. 

I  cannot  say  that  in  our  day  we  used  to  have  the 
School  divided  quite  so  accurately  into  three  distinct 
classes  as  Professor  Langdell  insists  that  it  now  is. 
He  put  me  in  mind  a  little  of  what  a  friend  of  mine, 
who  was  a  lawyer  in  this  neighborhood,  told  me 
when,  the  year  before  he  began  his  studies  as  a  law- 
yer, he  went  to  a  neighboring  theological  institution 
(not  in  Cambridge)  for  the  purpose  of  studying  theol- 
ogy, although  he  intended  afterward  to  be  a  lawyer. 
I  asked  him  what  sort  of  folks  he  found  there  to  as- 
sociate with.  Well,  he  said,  that  school  was  carefully 
divided  into  three  classes.  The  first  had  piety  with- 
out talents;  the  second  had  talents  without  piety;  and 
the  third  had  neither. 

It  is  too  late  to  go  on  and  make  a  speech.  Yet  as 
one  of  the  side  judges,  to  carry  out  the  figure  of  the 
presiding  officer,  I  will  simply  say  that  I  concur  in  the 

8 


114  THE    LAW    SCHOOL    DAY. 

opinion  that  he  delivered  in  another  place,  and  en- 
tirely concur  in  the  opinion  that  he  expressed  here, — 
that  he  would  better  not  say  a  great  deal  more,  and 
that  his  example  be  generally  followed  by  his  asso- 
ciates. If  I  am  to  close  the  meeting,  I  think  I  prefer 
to  do  it,  instead  of  in  the  ordinary  phrase  of  a  crier, 
by  pronouncing  a  benediction  in  words  which  have 
frequently,  through  my  long  professional  career,  ex- 
perience, and  acquaintance,  been  brought  to  my  mind 
as  the  chief  consolation  and  reward  of  lawyers,  — 
"  Blessed  are  the  peacemakers." 

THE  PRESIDENT  :  If  you  are  inclined  to  give  one  cheer  for 
the  Harvard  Law  School  and  the  Harvard  Law  School  Asso- 
ciation, our  marshal  will  lead. 

The  cheers  were  given  with  a  will,  and  the  gathering  broke 
up  at  5: 15  P.  M. 


NAMES    REGISTERED.  115 

REGISTERED    AT    THE    LAW    SCHOOL. 

NOVEMBER  5,  1886. 


THE  names  without  occupation  are  almost  entirely  those  of  lawyers,  though  a  few  signers 
failed  to  fill  out  the  blank  in  respect  to  this  point. 

Abbot,  Edwin   Hale,    Counsellor  and    Trustee  of 

Railways Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Allen,  Thomas  Carleton,  Clerk  Supreme  Ct.,  N.  B.  Fredericton,  N.  B. 

Angell,  Elgin  Adelbert Cleveland,  O. 

Appleton,  John  Henry Cambridge. 

Avery,  Edward Boston. 

Ayers,  George  David Maiden. 

Babson,  Thomas  McCrate Boston. 

Bachelder,  Thomas  Cogswell South  Boston. 

Bailey,  Harrison Fitchburg. 

Bailey,  Hollis  Russell Boston. 

Ball,  George  Homer Worcester. 

Barnes,  Charles  Maynard Boston. 

Bartlett,  Charles  Hammat Bangor,  Me. 

Batchelder,  Samuel Cambridge. 

Baum,  James  Henry,  Pottery  Business    ....  East  Liverpool,  0. 
Bendelari,   Giorgio  Anacleto    Corrado,    Professor 

Modern  Languages,  Yale  University  ....  New  Haven,  Conn. 

Bent,  Samuel  Arthur Boston. 

Bicknell,  Edward Boston. 

Biddle,  Edward  John,  "  Neiospaperman  "     ,     .     .  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Bishop,  Robert  Roberts Newton. 

Blackmar,  Wilmon  Whilldin Boston. 

Blodgett,  Warren  Kendall,  Jr Boston. 

Bolles,  Frank,  Secretary  Harvard  College     .     .     .  Cambridge. 

Bonaparte,  Charles  Joseph Baltimore,  Md. 

Bouve,  Walter  Lincoln Hingham. 

Bradford,  George  Hillard Roxbury. 

Bradish,  Frank  Eliot Boston. 

Brooks,  James  Willson,  Business Cambridge. 

Brown,  Howard  Kinmonth Framingham. 

Brown,  William    Bailey  Clark,  Student  Harvard 

Law  School Independence,  Mo. 


116  THE    LAW    SCHOOL    DAY. 

Brown,  William  Reynolds,  Real  Estate    ....  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Brown,  John  Merrill Boston. 

Brush,  Abraham  Stephens Boston. 

Buffum,  Walter  Nutting Boston. 

Bullard,  John  Richards Dedham. 

Burnham,  Telford Chicago,  111. 

Casas,  William  Beltran  de  las Maiden. 

Caverly,  Robert  Boody,   Writing  of  Books     .     .     .  Lowell. 

Child,  Linus  Mason Boston. 

Churchill,  Asaph Boston. 

Churchill,  Charles  Marshall  Spring Milton. 

Clifford,  Charles  Warren New  Bedford. 

Clifford,  Walter New  Bedford. 

Cole,  John  Hanun New  York,  N.  Y. 

Cook,  Frank  Gaylord Cambridge. 

Coolidge,  Joseph  Randolph,  Retired Boston. 

Coolidge,  William  Henry Natick. 

Crocker,  George  Glover Boston. 

Cummings,  Samuel  Wells,  Real  Estate    ....  Boston. 

Gushing,  Livingston Weston. 

Cushman,  Archibald  Falconer New  York,  N.  Y. 

Dacey,  Timothy  John Boston. 

Dana,  James Boston. 

Dana,  Richard  Henry Boston. 

Danforth,  Henry  Gold Rochester,  N.  Y. 

Davis,  Charles  Thornton,  Student Newton. 

Davis,  Edward  Livingston Worcester. 

Davis,  Simon Boston. 

Deming,  Horace  Edward New  York,  N.  Y. 

Denniston,  Arthur  Clark Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Dewey,  George  Tufts Worcester. 

Dickson,  Joseph St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Du  Bois,  Loren  Griswold Boston. 

Dudley,  Sanford  Harrison Cambridge. 

Duff,  William  Frederick Boston. 

Duggan,  Roland  Augustus Atlantic. 

Dunbar,  Charles  Franklin,  Prof.  Harv.  Univ.  .     .  Cambridge. 

Dyer,  Micah,  Jr Dorchester  (Boston). 

Eaton,  Dorman  Bridgman New  York,  N.  Y. 

Eaton,  George  Herbert Lawrence. 

Ela,  Richard,  Agent  Standard  Turning  Works  .     .  Cambridge. 

Ellis,  Ralph  Waterbury Springfield. 

Elting,  Irving Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 

Emery,  Samuel  Hopkins,  Jr Concord. 

Emery,  Woodbury,  Post-Office Boston. 

Emery,  Woodward Cambridge. 

Ensign,  Charles  Sidney Newton. 


NAMES    REGISTERED.  117 

Estabrook,  George  William Boston. 

Everett,  William,  Schoolmaster Quincy. 

Farley,  James  Phillips,  Jr Beverly  Farms. 

Fisher,  Horace  Newton,  Consul  of  Chili  ....  Boston. 

Fox,  Austen  George New  York,  N.  Y. 

Fox,  Jabez Cambridge. 

Fuller,  Henry  Weld Boston. 

Gaston,  William  Alexander Boston. 

Gould,  John  Melville,  Lawyer  and  Librarian     .     .  Newton. 

Gove,  William  Henry Salem. 

Grant,  Ronald  Cameron St.  John,  N.  B. 

Gray,  Morris Chestnut  Hill. 

Gray,  Reginald Boston. 

Green,  James Worcester. 

Gregory,  Charles  Augustus Chicago,  111. 

Gregory,  Francis  Brooke Fredericton,  N.  B. 

Grinnell,  Charles  Edward Boston. 

Griswold,  Freeman  Clark Greenfield. 

Hackett,  Frank  Warren Washington,  D.  C. 

Hale,  Abraham  Garland  Randall Rock  Bottom. 

Hamlin,  Charles  Sumner Roxbury. 

Harding,  Emor  Herbert Boston. 

Harden,  Henry  Winthrop New  York,  N.  Y. 

Hartwell,  Alfred  Stedman South  Natick. 

Haskins,  David  Greene,  Jr Cambridge. 

Hathaway,  Amos  Lawrence Boston. 

Hemenway,  Charles  Morrison Sotnerville. 

Hoar,  Samuel Concord. 

Hoar,  Sherman Waltham. 

Holden,  Joshua  Bennett Boston. 

Holway,  Melvin  Smith Augusta,  Me. 

Homer,  Thomas  Johnston Roxbury. 

Howe,  Archibald  Murray Cambridge. 

Rowland,  William  Russell Cambridge. 

Hudson,  Woodward Concord. 

Hulse,  Samuel  Vaughan Newark,  N.  J. 

Huntington,  Arthur  Lord Salem. 

Hutchins,  Edward  Webster Boston. 

Hutchinson,  Gardiner  Spring,  Merchant      .     .     .  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Ingalsbe,  Grenville  Mellen Sandy  Hill,  N.  Y. . 

Jacobs,  Justin  Allen,  City  Clerk Cambridge. 

James,  George  Abbot Nahant. 

Jones,  Arthur  Earl Cambridge. 

Jones,  Leonard  Augustus,  Lawyer  and  Author  .     .  Boston. 

Keasbey,  Edward  Quinton Newark,  N.  J. 

Kendall,  Robert  Bruce Chicago,  111. 

Kent,  Edward,  Student  of  Law New  York,  N.  Y. 


118  THE    LAW    SCHOOL   DAY. 

Keyes,  Charles  Oilman Jamaica  Plain. 

Keyes,  Prescott Concord. 

Kidder,  Camillas  George New  York,  N.  Y. 

Knowlton,  Thomas  Oaks New  Boston,  N.  H. 

Ladd,  Babson  Savilian Boston. 

Lathrop,  John Boston. 

Lawrence,  George  Porter Cambridge. 

Lawrence,  Rosewell  Bigelow Medford. 

Lawrence,  William  Badger Medford. 

Levy,  Harry  Milton,  Merchant Cincinnati,  O. 

Lincoln,  Arthur Boston. 

Lincoln,  Solomon Boston. 

Loring,  Augustus  Peabody Boston. 

Loring,  William  Caleb Boston. 

Lothrop,  Arthur  Prescott Taunton. 

Lowell,  Abbott  Lawrence Boston. 

Lowell,  John Chestnut  Hill. 

McClure,  Edward  Woodbridge Concord. 

McCoy,  Walter  Irving New  York,  N.  Y. 

McDaniel,  Samuel  Walton Cambridge. 

Mclnnes,  Edwin  Guthrie Maiden. 

Mclntire,  Charles  John Cambridge. 

Mclntire,  Fred Somerville. 

Mack,  Alfred Cincinnati,  O. 

Mack,  Julian  William,  Student  Harvard  Law  School  Cincinnati,  O. 

McKeever,  Henry  Francis Boston. 

Mansfield,  Ex  Sumner Brookline. 

Marrett,  Lorenzo     .     .     .          Cambridgeport. 

Merrill,  Charles  Benjamin Portland,  Me. 

Milliken,  Frank  Albion New  Bedford. 

Mi  not,  Laurence,  Student Boston. 

Minot,  Robert  Sedgwick Boston 

Morison,  John  Holmes Boston. 

Morse,  Nathan Boston. 

Morse,  Robert  McNeil,  Jr Boston. 

Morton,  Marcus,  Jr.     - Andover. 

Motte,  Ellis  Loring Boston. 

Munroe,  William  Adams Cambridge. 

Myers,  James  Jefferson Cambridge. 

Nettleton,  Edward  Payson Boston. 

Nickerson,  George  Augustus Boston. 

Norcross,  Grenville  Howland Boston. 

Norcross,  Otis Boston. 

Norris,  Samuel,  Jr Bristol,  R.  I. 

Ordronaux,  John Roslyn,  N.  Y. 

Otis,  Albert  Boyd Boston. 

Otterson,  James  F.  J Marlborough. 


NAMES   REGISTERED.  119 

Parkman,  Henry Boston. 

Parmenter,  James  Parker Arlington. 

Parmenter,  William  Hale,  Shoe  Manufacturer  .     .  Boston. 
Patterson,  Rev.  George  Herbert,  Rector,  Berkeley 

School Providence,  R.  L 

Payson,  Edward  Payson Boston. 

Pellew,  George Boston. 

Phillips,  Willard  Quincy Paris,  France. 

Pickering,  Henry  Goddard Boston. 

Pierce,  Edward  Peter Fitchburg. 

Pinney,  George  Miller New  York,  N.  Y. 

Poor,  Albert .  Boston. 

Prentiss,  John Boston. 

Putnam,  Henry  Ware Boston. 

Rackemann,  Charles  Sedgwick Boston. 

Rackeinann,  Felix Boston. 

Rand,  Edward  Lathrop Cambridge. 

Rawle,  Francis Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Raymond,  Robert  Fulton New  Bedford. 

Read,  Charles  Coolidge Cambridge. 

Reardon ,  John  Joseph Holyoke. 

Reed,  Charles  Montgomery Boston. 

Reed,  Frederick Boston. 

Reed,  Joseph  Wheeler Maynard. 

Richards,  William  Reuben Boston. 

Richardson,  William  Minard Cambridge. 

Riley,  Thomas Boston. 

Robinson,  Nelson  Lemuel Canton,  N.  Y. 

Ropes,  John  Codman Boston. 

Sampson,  Alden,  Literature New  York,  N.  Y. 

Saunders,  Charles  Gurley Boston. 

Sears,  Philip  Howes Boston. 

Sewall,  Samuel  Edmund Melrose. 

Simmons,  John  Franklin Abington. 

Smith,  Henry  Augustus Roxbury. 

Smith,  Robert  Dickson Boston. 

Smith,  William  Henry  Leland,  Retired  ....  Boston. 

Spaulding,  John Boston. 

Spelman,  Henry  Munson Cambridge. 

Stackpole,  Joseph  Lewis Boston. 

Starbuck,  Henry  Pease New  York,  N.  Y. 

Starr,  Benjamin  Charles Cleveland,  O. 

Stevens,  Charles  Frank Worcester. 

Storer,  John  Humphreys,  Real  Estate      ....  Boston. 

Sullivan,  Cornelius  Patrick Boston. 

Sullivan,  Jeremiah  Henry,  Clerk East  Cambridge. 

Sullivan,  Richard Boston. 


120  THE   LAW   SCHOOL   DAY. 

Suter,  Hales  Wallace Boston. 

Swift,  Henry  Walton Boston. 

Taussig,  Frank  William,  Professor  Harv.  Univ.    .  Cambridge. 

Thacher,  Stephen Boston. 

Thayer,  Albert  Smith New  York,  N.  Y. 

Thompson,  Lucian  Bisbee Boston. 

Thorndike,  Samuel  Lothrop Cambridge. 

Tiffany,  Francis  Buchanan Boston. 

Tompson,  Edward  William  Emery Brookline. 

Towne,  Trueman  Benjamin Boston. 

Tuttle,  William  Henry  Harrison Arlington. 

Tyler,  John  Ford Boston. 

Underwood,  Adin  Ballou Boston. 

Van  Slyck,  Cyrus  Manchester Providence,  R.  I. 

Vaughan,  William  Warren Boston. 

Wadsworth,  Alexander  Fairfield Boston. 

Wakefield,  John  Lathrop Dedham. 

Wales,  George  Worcester Burlington,  Vt. 

Ware,  Charles  Eliot,  Jr Fitchburg. 

Warner,  Henry  Eldridge Cambridge. 

Warner,  Joseph  Bangs Cambridge. 

Waterhouse,  Frank  Shepard Portland,  Me. 

Wendell,  Barrett,  Instructor  in  Harvard  College      .  Boston. 

Wenzell,  Henry  Burleigh St.  Paul,  Minn. 

Weston,  Melville  Moore Boston. 

Wharton,  William  Fisher Boston. 

White,  Moses  Perkins Cambridge. 

Wigglesworth,  George Boston. 

Willard,  Joseph Boston. 

Wilson,  Frank Sanford,  Me. 

Wilson,  John  Thomas Winchester. 

Winkler,  Alexander,  Student  Harvard  Law  School  .  Cincinnati,  O. 

Winslow,  John Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Wood,  Stephen  Blake Roxbury. 

Woodruff,  Thomas  Tyson Boston. 

Worthington,  Erastus,  Clerk  of  Courts     ....  Dedham. 

Young,  Alexander,  Literature Boston. 


THE    UNDERGRADUATES'    DAY. 


THE  Students  of  the  College  assembled  in  Sanders  Theatre, 
and  after  a  prayer  by  the  Rev.  ANDEEW  PRESTON  PEABODY, 
D.D.,  listened  to  the  following  addresses  and  poems. 


THE 

UNDERGRADUATES'    DAY. 

NOVEMBER  6,  1886. 


ORATION. 

BY  FRANKLIN  ELMER  ELLSWORTH  HAMILTON. 
CLASS  OP  1887. 

THE  anniversary  which  we  are  met  this  morning 
to  observe  is  one  of  extraordinary  significance.  We 
commemorate  the  quarter-millennium  of  a  University 
which,  "  first  among  equals,"  has  striven  to  give  form 
to  American  education ;  we  commemorate  the  triumph 
of  Puritan  life,  and  the  widening  success  of  that 
struggle  of  Puritanism  which,  running  through  eight 
generations,  would  perfect  a  form  of  education  dis- 
tinctively Puritan,  yet  wholly  American.  We  com- 
memorate the  progress  of  that  idea  of  liberality  in 
education  which,  cherished  first  and  most  ardently  at 
Harvard,  has  passed  from  her  to  every  kindred  Ameri- 
can institution.  While  commemorating  the  work  of 
Harvard  University,  we  foresee  the  inevitable  fulfil- 
ment of  her  hopes,  and  therefore  celebrate  the  natal 
day  of  a  University  at  once  the  oldest  and  the  newest 
in  the  land.  Newest,  I  say,  as  well  as  oldest;  for 


124  THE  UNDERGRADUATES'  DAY. 

Harvard  University  from  the  days  of  Increase  Mather 
has  maintained  as  a  fundamental  principle  that  a  Uni- 
versity founded  "for  Christ  and  the  Church,"  and 
holding  the  motto  "  Truth,"  ought  in  no  wise  to  depart 
from  the  path  marked  out  in  that  famous  resolve, 
Libere  philosophari,  made  so  early  in  her  history.  It 
has  been  her  endeavor  during  more  than  two  centuries 
to  think  without  bigotry,  and  to  train  men  who  not 
only  shall  think  but  also  shall  act  in  that  spirit  of 
advance  which  seeks  to  keep  pace  with  the  spirit 
of  the  age. 

It  is  wise,  upon  an  occasion  like  this,  that  we  should 
seek  instruction  rather  in  the  past  than  in  the  present. 
And  through  these  two  and  a  half  centuries  we  are 
carried  back  into  the  morning  of  our  national  life, 
back  into  those  sober  religious  days  of  sturdy  New 
England  Puritanism,  where  we  find  ourselves  with 
men  who  in  the  spirit  of  their  Cromwell  have  deter- 
mined to  secure  forever  on  these  quiet  shores  a  retreat 
from  "  The  King's  return  to  his  own  again."  For  "  it 
was,"  as  our  own  poet  says,  "  the  drums  of  Naseby  and 
D unbar  that  gathered  the  minute  men  on  Lexington 
Common ;  it  was  the  red  dint  of  the  axe  in  Charles's 
block  that  marked  ONE  in  our  era."  What  marvel, 
then,  that  we  see  these  men  of  duty,  —  with  their  motto 
11  faith  in  God,  faith  in  man,  faith  in  work,"  —  "  taking 
orders  for  a  college  at  Newtown,"  and  appropriating 
for  its  establishment  "a  year's  rate  of  the  whole 
colony,"  that,  so  runs  the  record,  "  the  Commonwealth 
may  be  furnished  with  knowing  and  understanding 
men,  and  the  churches  with  an  able  ministry."  Yet 


FRANKLIN  E.   E.   HAMILTON'S    ORATION.  125 

this  was  "the  first  occasion  on  which  a  people  ever 
taxed  themselves  to  found  a  place  of  education." 

Follow  the  life  and  work  of  that  little  seminary 
during  those  first  years  of  poverty  and  suffering, 
dependent  for  very  existence  upon  a  precarious  be- 
nevolence, and  tossed  upon  every  sea  of  political 
and  religious  controversy  that  rocked  the  province. 
Though  led  at  times  into  error,  and  once  —  during 
the  frenzy  of  the  Salem  Witchcraft  —  even  tempted 
to  persecution,  still  she  remains  true  to  the  motto 
on  her  walls,  raising  higher  and  higher  the  standard  of 
the  literature  of  the  country,  and  sending  forth  from 
her  doors  larger  and  wiser  men.  Long  before  the  re- 
sistance to  the  Stamp  Act,  before  the  fearless  voice  of 
Patrick  Henry  rang  out,  before  Faneuil  Hall  had 
thrown  open  its  doors  to  an  eloquent  patriotism,  a 
graduate  of  Harvard  in  his  Commencement  Thesis 
"announced  the  whole  doctrine  of  the  Revolution" 
in  words  that  sounded  like  a  tocsin  through  the  land. 
And  as  if  in  answer  to  the  summons,  there  passed 
from  the  college  halls  in  quick  succession  an  Otis, 
a  Warren,  a  John  Hancock,  a  Quincy,  and  a  younger 
Adams. 

We  are  told  that  at  the  period  of  the  Revolution 
even  the  undergraduates  caught  the  inspiration  of  the 
times,  and  that  their  declamations  and  forensic  dis- 
putes breathed  the  uncompromising  spirit  of  liberty. 
With  the  enthusiasm  of  the  hour,  they  voted  unani- 
mously to  take  their  degrees  clothed  only  in  the 
manufactures  of  their  native  land;  and  when  Wash- 
ington, on  Cambridge  green,  took  command  of  the 


126  THE   UNDERGRADUATES'   DAY. 

American  army,  the  students  forsook  the  college  in 
a  body  that  its  halls  might  shelter  the  patriot  troops. 
Pass  through  the  transept  of  this  Hall,  raised  as  a 
memorial  to  those  sons  of  Harvard  who  fell  in  the  last 
war,  and  there,  on  the  tablets  upon  the  walls,  read  a 
Mother's  proud  testimony  to  the  patriotism  of  her 
twelve  hundred  and  thirty-two  volunteers,  who  as  one 
man  followed  their  flag  to  the  front,  and  trace  her 
tribute  to  the  memory  of  her  three  hundred  and  sixty- 
one  martyrs  who  gave  their  lives  for  the  cause.  Nor 
let  us  forget  at  this  hour  and  in  this  place  that  the 
gray  covered  as  devoted  hearts  as  the  blue,  and  that 
many  a  soldier  of  the  South  who  fell  on  the  field  of 
battle  claimed  Harvard  as  his  Alma  Mater. 

Thus  it  has  ever  been  in  the  history  of  the  Univer- 
sity. In  the  necessitous  provincial  days  fostering  a 
spirit  of  fortitude ;  in  the  early  crisis  of  Independence 
inspiring  to  patriotism;  in  the  hour  of  national  trial 
admonishing  to  duty,  —  she  has  always  taught  her 
students  to  study,  not  only  the  wisdom  of  the  past, 
but  also  the  lessons  of  the  present  and  the  more  per- 
plexing problems  of  the  future.  And  for  this  reason, 
if  for  no  other,  Harvard  stands  where  she  does  to-day, 
as  the  representative  University  of  the  representative 
Republic.  The  reforms  of  which  she  is  a  leading  ex- 
ponent are  simply  the  necessary  outcome  of  the  call 
of  a  nation  for  an  enlargement  of  the  higher  education. 
Constantly  has  the  University,  down  through  the  long 
list  of  her  honored  faculties,  endeavored  to  meet  the 
educational  needs  of  the  country ;  and  it  has  been  this 
endeavor  which  has  assured  to  Harvard  the  eminent 


FRANKLIN  E.   E.  HAMILTON'S  ORATION.          127 

success  that  she  now  enjoys.  Thus,  although  an 
outgrowth  of  Puritanism,  she  nevertheless  has  sought 
to  become  a  cosmopolitan  University  in  a  country  by 
no  means  Puritan ;  and  though  surrounded  and  often 
restrained  by  conservative  influences  of  the  most 
positive  character,  she  has  struggled  continually  not 
to  be  conservative.  And  as  the  school  at  Newtown, 
founded  originally  as  a  Theological  Seminary,  soon  be- 
came in  compliance  with  the  country's  need  a  college, 
so  later  when  it  was  discovered,  to  the  amazement 
of  many,  that  all  education  is  not  comprehended  in 

Lingua,  Tropus,  Ratio,  Numerus,  Tonus,  Angulus,  Astra, 

the  college  broadened  into  a  university,  —  a  university 
so  extensive  that  in  her  instruction  to-day  we  see  the 
most  recent  sciences  placed  upon  an  equality  with 
mathematics  and  the  classics. 

The  University  now  has  reached  another  great 
epoch  in  her  work,  with  the  adoption  of  reforms  as 
startling  to  the  present  conservative  conception  of 
education  as  they  may  appear  destructive  to  the  time- 
honored  significance  of  the  academic  degree.  But 
much  of  this  alarm  arises  from  the  failure  of  the  Amer- 
ican college  in  the  past  to  keep  pace  with  the  nation's 
spirit  and  growth.  The  attempt  upon  the  part  of 
Harvard  to  meet  the  demands  of  a  growing  people 
very  naturally  has  given  much  occasion  for  criticism. 
The  origin  of  such  criticism,  however,  is  by  no  means 
recent.  We  read  that  "many  godly  men  of  the 
Province,"  even  in  the  seventeenth  century,  "  con- 
ceived a  great  sorrow"  from  a  like  cause.  And 


128  THE   UNDERGRADUATES'  DAY. 

even  earlier,  the  one  Indian  youth,  whom  tradition 
recalls  as  having  received  a  degree  by  the  side  of  his 
Puritan  brothers,  doubtless  heard  the  same  question 
discussed. 

But  the  very  criticism  of  a  progressive  institution 
evidences  the  necessity  for  education  in  the  future  to 
meet  the  demands  of  an  advancing,  practical  life.  Is 
it  not  high  time  that  a  country  like  our  own,  which 
has  given  to  the  world  such  signal  triumphs  of  non- 
collegiate  training  in  the  pursuits  of  industry,  and  has 
witnessed  in  mechanics  and  engineering  the  proudest 
attainments  of  inventive  genius,  should  offer  to  her 
sons  a  university  training  adapted  to  fit  them  as  well 
for  a  life  of  manly  work  as  for  a  life  of  cultivated 
leisure1?  The  call  for  collegiate  students  to  interest 
themselves  less  in  what  concerns  them  as  mere  cata- 
logues of  books  than  in  that  which  concerns  them  as 
"  men,  and  leaders  of  men,"  was  heard,  in  this  very 
Hall,  in  that  scathing  arraignment  of  the  American 
scholar  which  is  finding  in  the  broadening  claims  of 
education  its  justification  and  confirmation. 

It  was  the  hope  of  the  founders  of  the  University 
that  "  so  long  as  New  England  or  America  hath  a 
name  on  the  earth's  surface,"  the  fame  and  fruit  of 
their  work  should  be  "  blessed."  Two  centuries  and 
a  half  have  passed  away  since  the  college,  which  in 
the  words  of  one  of  her  most  famous  presidents  now 
stands 

"...  like  a  Pharos  founded  on  a  rock," 

was  planted,  at  the  promptings  of  weakness,  in  a  new 
land  among  a  free  people.  On  this  anniversary  morn- 


FRANKLIN  E.   E.   HAMILTON'S  ORATION.  129 

ing  we  know  how  she  has  stood  during  successive 
generations,  as  inflexible  in  purpose  as  when  a  humble 
Puritan  "School  of  the  Prophets"  she  listened  to  the 
preaching  of  her  first  president,  the  devout  Dunster. 
She  has  trained  clergymen,'  schoolmasters,  soldiers, 
statesmen,  mechanics.  Through  her  quarter-millen- 
nium they  have  entered  her  doors,  received  her  in- 
struction, and  passed  on  to  their  work.  And,  as  in 
the  beginning,  these  walls  re-echo  still  the  footsteps  of 
the  ambitious  pressing  on  toward  the  future.  Would 
that,  if  but  for  a  moment,  we  might  recall  the  departed 
of  good  and  great  Harvard's  line,  that  we  might  con- 
jure from  the  "  doggerel  dirge  and  Latin  epitaph " 
some  fitting  memorial  to  the  many  who  have  gathered 
in  these  halls  and  lingered  among  the  shadows  of  these 
elms  !  But,  no ;  they  are  forgotten.  Of  John  Harvard 
himself  the  most  meagre  traditions  remain,  and  only 
his  munificence  to  our  University  preserves  from  ob- 
livion his  name.  "  He  died  upon  a  date  misstated 
upon  his  monument,  —  a  monument  which  does  not 
mark  his  grave  ! " 

Looking  back  through  this  quarter-millennium,  can 
we  not  see  that  the  work  of  the  University  has  been 
the  work  of  a  people,  —  a  work  marked  at  times,  it  is 
true,  by  prejudice  and  intolerance,  at  times  by  liber- 
ality and  magnanimity ;  now  betraying  feeble  strug- 
gles and  powerful  temptations,  now  recalling  waves 
of  enthusiasm  "  on  whose  crumbling  crests  we  some- 
times see  nations  lifted  for  a  gleaming  moment"? 
Can  we  not  see  how  her  influence  has  grown  from  her 
work  ?  Consider  for  a  moment  that  influence.  Each 

9 


130  THE   UNDERGRADUATES'  DAY. 

generation  as  it  has  passed  lias  bequeathed  to  the 
University  some  ample  accumulation  of  wealth,  some 
new  lesson  of  "  Truth "  learned,  some  old  problem  of 
life  solved.  Nobly  has  she  repaid  her  bequests !  Not 
the  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts  alone,  but  the 
whole  country,  through  State  and  Territory,  has  been 
furnished  from  her  graduates  "with  knowing  and 
understanding  men,  and  the  churches  with  an  able 
ministry."  In  1699  it  was  truly,  if  somewhat  quaintly, 
said  to  the  General  Court  by  the  Earl  of  Bellamont, 
while  Governor  of  Massachusetts,  "It  is  a  very  great 
advantage  you  have  above  other  provinces,  that  your 
youth  are  not  put  to  travel  for  learning,  but  have  the 
Muses  at  their  doors."  For  this  advantage,  keeping 
pace  with  the  increase  of  population  and  wealth,  has 
given  to  the  State  of  Massachusetts  a  foremost  place 
in  refinement  and  learning,  and  to  her  metropolis  a 
classic  name.  The  influence  of  Harvard  has  been  fun- 
damental, for  she  has  promoted  a  freedom  of  thought ; 
through  her  call  for  an  earnest  individuality  she  has 
inspired  her  sons  to  more  courageous  persistence  as 
pioneers  of  intellectual  reforms.  In  the  privations  of 
poverty  the  instruction  at  Harvard  has  always  encour- 
aged a  noble  ambition  and  effort,  as  in  prosperity  it 
has  lent  new  meaning  to  affluence  and  culture.  In 
sectarian  disputes  and  political  reformations,  during 
"the  vicissitudes  of  the  infant  settlements,"  through 
the  perilous  struggles  of  a  patriotic  resistance  to  in- 
justice, amid  the  fires  of  a  civil  strife  testing  a  great 
social  principle,  Harvard  University,  whether  tried 
by  penury  or  endangered  by  a  prosperous  growth, 


FRANKLIN  E.   E.   HAMILTON'S  ORATION.  131 

has  stood  throughout  a  conscientious  champion  of 
" Truth"  and  a  fearless  preacher  "for  Christ  and  the 
Church." 

Some  future  orator,  on  some  distant  anniversary, 
will  recall,  perhaps,  this  day.  I  charge  him  to  forget 
not,  in  the  gratulations  of  that  occasion,  the  Puritan 
founders  of  Harvard.  Let  their  memory  as  a  widening 
influence  through  his  words  reach  on  and  out  like  the 
light  of  the  setting  sun,  though  they  themselves  have 
passed  from  us  and  risen  on  another  and  subliiner  life. 
But  if  there  is  yet  one  lesson  to  be  drawn  from  this 
hour  it  is  surely  this,  —  that  the  future  history  of  Har- 
vard, like  the  voice  of  our  widest  usefulness,  calls  to 
us,  as  the  students  of  a  great  University,  for  the  best 
work  and  noblest  living;  to  make,  as  says  Carlyle, 
some  nook  of  God's  creation  a  little  fruitfuller,  some 
human  hearts  a  little  manfuller.  And  as  Harvard, 
at  once  the  oldest  and  the  newest,  —  Harvard  first 
among  equals,  but  ever  first,  —  passes  from  us  into  the 
future,  let  us  recall  again  those  burning  words  spoken 
so  recently  to  us  here :  "  Your  country  needs  a  new 
enthusiasm.  To  whom  but  to  you,  her  young  men, 
shall  she  look  to  give  it  her?  You  are  the  trustees 
of  posterity.  On  whom  else  shall  she  call  to  wake  the 
deep  slumber  of  careless  opinions ;  to  startle  the  torpor 
of  an  immoral  acquiescence;  to  kindle  burning  aspi- 
rations ;  to  set  noble  examples ;  to  cleanse  the  Augean 
stables  of  politics  and  trade ;  to  shame  false  ideals  of 
life ;  to  deepen  the  lessening  sense  of  the  sacredness 
of  marriage;  to  make  your  Press  nobler  and  less 
frivolous ;  to  make  the  aims  of  society  more  earnest ; 


132  THE    UNDERGRADUATES'  DAY. 

to  make  homes  pure ;  to  make  life  simple ;  to  defy 
the  petty  and  arrogant  tyrannies  of  the  thing  which 
calls  itself  public  opinion;  to  trample  on  the  base 
omnipotence  of  gold  ?  She  calls  to  you !  Will  you 
hear  her  voice,  or  will  you  too  make,  like  the  young 
ruler,  the  great  refusal  I " 


POEM. 

BY  FKANCIS  STEKNE  PALMER. 

CLASS  OF  1887. 

LONG  years  ago,  the  stern  New  England  rock 

A  wizard  smote,  and  straightway  forth  did  gush  — 

Here  in  this  wilderness  that  felt  the  shock  — 
A  fountain,  filling  all  the  forest's  hush 

With  joy.     Our  College  was  that  woodland  spring ; 
The  Puritan  it  was  who  there  made  flow 

A  fount  that  in  the  years  to  come  should  swing 
Its  mighty  tide  through  all  the  land,  and  show 
How  great  is  truth  to  conquer  wrong  and  woe. 

More  than  two  centuries  with  frost  and  snow 
Of  fierce  New  England  winters  now  have  gone  ; 

The  stream  grows  hoar  with  time,  and  yet  its  flow 
Is  still  as  young  as  on  its  birthday's  dawn,  — 

As  young  as  youth  eternal,  a  fountain  still 
Of  youth,  new  and  fresh,  yesterday,  to-day, 

To-morrow ;  flowing,  changing  at  its  will : 

Though  men  sometime  its  course  would  turn  or  stay, 
Still  with  the  nation's  life  it  makes  its  way. 


FRANCIS  S.  PALMER'S  POEM.  133 

Our  stream  to-day  its  narrow  banks  o'erflows  ; 

Deserted  ruins  on  its  course  appear 
That  tell  where  once  the  towers  of  temples  rose ; 

And  yet  its  waters  still  are  fresh  and  clear 
With  purity,  and  savor  of  the  spring 

Eock-born,  and  of  the  forest-flowing  rill : 
And  still  those  youths  are  here  who  first  did  bring 

Their  sober  minds  unto  the  college  mill, 

Though  now  they  do  not  go  in  ruff  or  frill. 

Behold  the  modern  Puritan  !     His  talk 

Is  all  of  matters  grave,  his  face  sedate ; 
He  moves,  and  't  is  a  most  majestic  stalk  ! 

His  flashing  eye  could  rule  a  troubled  state  ; 
He  yearns  to  serve  his  country,  and  meanwhile 

For  college  offices  has  no  distaste ; 
And  yet,  forsooth,  let  him  provoke  no  smile  : 

JT  is  only  sad  that  in  our  age  he  'a  placed, 

And  that  so  much  stern  virtue  goes  to  waste. 

And  those  young  princes  of  the  native  race 
Whom  our  forefathers  vainly  tried  to  tame, 

Does  haze  that  fills  the  distant  years  efface 
Their  savage  splendor,  or  is  it  wont  to  flame 

Across  the  sober  tints  of  college  life, 

When  some  young  magnate  of  the  West  arrays 

Himself  in  gorgeousness,  his  dress  all  rife 
In  bright,  barbaric  hues,  and  so  essays 
The  war-dance,  and  the  tomahawk  displays  ? 

Our  College  in  the  years  that  saw  her  young, 
And  like  young  mothers  full  of  love  and  care 

And  foolish  fear,  around  her  children  flung 

Her  arms  too  close,  nor  granted  them  that  share 

Of  trust  and  freedom  they  with  justice  craved ; 
But  growing  wiser  as  the  years  went  by, 

She  loosed  the  petty  irksome  bonds,  and  saved 
Their  love  for  her,  and  taught  them  to  descry- 
In  her  a  friend  and  not  a  crafty  spy. 


134  THE    UNDERGRADUATES'  DAY. 

Many  brave  hopes  Fair  Harvard's  fountain  fed, 
And  great  achievements  on  its  stream  were  borne ; 

Men  who  in  stirring  times  the  State  have  led, 
And  names  by  poets,  thinkers,  workers,  worn,  — 
All  these  were  ours,  and  our  bright  list  adorn. 

One  name  the  fountain  claims  its  own  and  keeps : 
Life's  river  may  not  bear  that  name  away  ; 

Joyous  and  loving  as  sunshine  which  leaps 
About  the  stream  and  gilds  its  dancing  spray, 

This  one  the  true  embodiment  doth  seem 

Of  youth  eternal ;  and  while  the  fountain's  play 

Doth  last,  his  ever  kindly  wit  shall  gleam 
Within  its  pools,  the  while  his  laughing  voice 
Doth  make  the  murm'ring  waters  to  rejoice. 

No  need  to  tell  his  name,  for  you  all  know  it,  — 
Our  Doctor,  Autocrat,  and  Poet. 

The  shining  sun  not  always  maketh  bright 

Our  stream  ;  there  was  a  time  when  war  swept  o'er 

The  shudd'ring  land,  when  face  to  face  met  Eight 
And  Wrong ;  and  then  the  river  onward  bore 

Its  tide  of  youth  and  hope,  all  dark  and  stained 
With  blood  shed  by  its  bravest  and  its  best. 

The  later  Puritan,  whose  heart  regained 

Its  ancient  zeal,  opposed  his  stubborn  breast, 
And  by  his  side  were  heroes  of  the  West. 

The  gilded  youth  were  also  there  to  show 
Good  metal  lay  beneath  the  outward  dross  ; 

And  all  went  forth  against  the  country's  foe, 
Nor  did  they  heed  of  life  and  limb  the  loss, 

But  were  the  foremost  in  the  fierce  affray ; 
And  many  died,  and  dying  so,  died  well, 

And  Harvard  hon'ring  all,  and  fain  to  pay 
Her  debt  of  love  to  those  who  fought  and  fell, 
Hath  built  a  stately  Hall  her  love  to  tell. 


EDGAR  J.   RICH'S  ADDRESS.  135 

Pray  Heaven  that  war  may  never  come  again 
To  fill  the  nation's  heart  with  grief  and  hate ! 

But  strife  will  come,  and  with  it  woe  and  pain ; 
And  bloodless  battles  will  be  fought  as  great 

As  those  of  war,  and  men  will  freely  spend 
Their  lives  to  add  unto  the  truth  some  light ; 

And  in  this  strife  must  Harvard  join  and  lend 
Her  learning  and  her  zeal  to  those  that  fight 
Against  all  evil  things  and  to  uphold  the  right. 

Old  Harvard's  stream  must  ever  onward  sweep, 
Still  wid'ning,  blessing,  lab'ring,  singing,  strong 

With  youth,  joyous  with  hope,  and  broad  and  deep 
With  wisdom  gathered  from  the  years  which  throng 

Its  past ;  and  yet  'midst  all  this  honor  fair 
And  power  which  to  its  age  and  works  belong, 

It  still  must  keep  and  guard  with  fondest  care 
The  purity  of  that  clear  fount  which  gushed 
From  out  the  rock  when  all  was  new  and  forest-hushed. 


ADDRESS  TO  UNDERGRADUATES. 

BY  EDGAR  JUDSON  RICH. 
CLASS  OF  1887. 

FELLOW-STUDENTS,  —  In  this  age  of  Darwinianism 
and  Spencerianism,  when  it  is  the  fashion  for  writers 
and  orators  to  trace  the  growth  of  the  infinitely  com- 
plex from  the  inconceivably  simple,  an  occasion  like 
this  would  be  sadly  incomplete  without  an  attempt  to 
apply  the  principles  of  evolution  to  some  appropriate 
object.  And  on  this  occasion,  when  we  the  unweaned 
children  are  gathered  together  to  celebrate  the  two 


136  THE  UNDERGRADUATES'  DAY. 

hundred  and  fiftieth  birthday  of  our  revered  mother, 
what  more  grateful  service  could  we  render  her  than 
to  show  how  much  better  and  wiser  than  her  elder 
children  are  we,  her  latest  born.  Let  then  the  "  Evo- 
lution of  the  Harvard  Student "  be  the  burden  of  my 
remarks. 

It  must  be  remembered  that  the  Harvard  student 
and  the  rest  of  mankind  sprang  from  the  same  stalk  ; 
that  the  separation  did  not  take  place  until  about  the 
year  1636,  when  our  branch  of  the  family  rose  into 
ethereal  heights  in  the  vain  hope  that  sometime  it 
might  be  able  to  commune  with  the  gods  of  high 
Olympus  in  their  own  tongue. 

Consider  this  Harvard  student  for  a  moment  func- 
tionally. He  appears  to  us  under  three  distinct  forms : 
first,  as  a  creature  addicted  to  study  —  in  a  moderate 
degree ;  secondly,  as  a  creature  supposed  to  pray ; 
and  thirdly,  —  about  which,  in  those  early  times  at 
least,  there  can  be  no  conjecture,  —  as  a  creature  most 
prone  to  transgression.  We  will  now  trace  out  his 
evolution  along  each  of  these  principal  lines  of  de- 
velopment, beginning  with  the  last. 

Our  early  fathers  were  firm  believers  in  the  total 
depravity  of  mankind.  If  at  any  time  a  brother's 
faith  in  this  doctrine  seemed  weak,  he  was  exhorted 
to  look  at  the  young  men  of  the  college,  upon  whose 
souls  the  Devil  still  held  tenacious  grip.  Upon  the 
college  authorities  responsibility  bore  heavily.  It  was 
an  axiom  with  them,  that  if  there  was  a  choice  between 
right  and  wrong,  the  student  would  always  do  wrong ; 


EDGAR  J.   RICH'S  ADDRESS.  137 

if  there  was  no  wrong  to  be  done  within  easy  reach,  he 
would  go  out  of  his  way  to  find  it,  —  as  if  to  prove  the 
truth  of  the  fundamental  theological  dogma  of  the  day. 
The  college  exercised  great  ingenuity  in  attempting  to 
anticipate  the  student.  A  list  of  all  conceivable  offen- 
ces was  drawn  up,  and  the  penalty  for  each  affixed. 
Some  offences  were  punishable  with  expulsion,  some 
with  suspension,  some  with  flogging,  some  with  cuf- 
fing ;  a  list  of  fifty-two  minor  offences  with  fines,  rang- 
ing from  a  penny  for  tardiness  at  prayers  to  £2  105. 
for  absence  from  town  a  month  without  leave.  Flog- 
ging was  administered  by  the  President,  in  the  pres- 
ence of  faculty  and  students.  In  order  to  realize  the 
picturesqueness  of  this  performance,  imagine  such  a 
case  of  discipline  brought  down  to  our  time,  and  this 
place  the  scene  of  the  punishment.  The  members  of 
the  faculty  are  ranged  on  the  platform,  and  you,  the 
students,  are  summoned  to  witness  and  to  take  warn- 
ing. The  culprit  is  brought  forward.  Our  worthy 
President  invokes  divine  blessing ;  then,  with  all 
solemnity,  flogs  or  cuffs  the  student,  as  the  nature  of 
his  offence  demands ;  and,  finally,  petitions  the  Al- 
mighty to  give  the  offender  a  new  heart,  and  to  bring 
him  into  the  fold  of  the  righteous. 

The  system  of  fines  is  still  more  amusing.  We  can 
picture  to  ourselves  the  mischief-loving  student  going 
through  a  mental  calculation  in  order  to  ascertain  in 
what  way  a  given  sum  of  money  invested  in  fines 
would  yield  the  greatest  return  in  fun:  whether  he 
should  get  drunk,  or  thrash  a  fellow- student,  or  lie  to 
the  Dean,  or  cut  a  recitation,  or  swap  jack-knives  with- 


138  THE  UNDERGRADUATES'  DAY. 

out  the  consent  of  the  proctor,  —  all  of  these  offences 
being  punishable  by  the  same  fine,  one  shilling  and 
sixpence. 

These  absurd  methods  of  punishment  gradually  died 
out ;  but  it  was  not  until  about  the  time  of  the  Revo- 
lution that  flogging  fell  entirely  into  desuetude,  and 
it  was  some  time  in  the  present  century  before  the 
system  of  fines  was  wholly  discontinued.  The  faculty 
became  less  autocratic  and  more  rational  in  their  gov- 
ernment. It  dawned  upon  them  by  degrees  that  a  stu- 
dent might  have  an  iota  of  reason  and  common-sense. 
And  as  years  rolled  on,  as  the  student  became  less  of 
a  child  in  age,  greater  freedom  of  action  was  allowed 
him.  The  liberal  form  of  government  did  not  reach 
its  ideality,  however,  until  the  year  1885,  when  the 
conference  committee,  —  peace  be  to  its  ashes  !  —  was 
established.  But  this  much-abused  conference  com- 
mittee has  not  lived  in  vain,  if  it  has  only  shown  that 
there  is  little  or  nothing  in  Harvard  College  requiring 
the  attention  of  such  a  body.  Its  very  uselessness  in- 
dicates the  ideal  condition  of  college  discipline. 

Let  us  now  look  at  the  student  on  another  side  of 
his  nature,  —  the  religious  side ;  and  here  we  will  at- 
tempt to  trace  briefly  his  evolution  and  his  growth. 
Founded  as  our  college  was  by  the  stern  Puritan  for 
the  purpose  largely  of  educating  men  for  the  Christian 
ministry,  we  should  naturally  expect  that  the  spiritual 
needs  of  the  student  would  receive  the  most  careful 
attention.  Presidents  and  professors  were  chosen  with 
regard  to  their  theological  views ;  the  curriculum  was 


EDGAR  J.   RICH'S   ADDRESS.  139 

shaped  to  meet  the  religious  wants  of  the  student. 
Religious  exercises  were  frequent  and  compulsory ; 
prayers  were  held  twice  a  day,  and  absence  from 
service  was  punished  with  a  fine.  At  the  morning 
service,  held  in  winter  by  candle-light,  the  student 
was  obliged  to  read  a  portion  of  the  Old  Testament 
out  of  the  Hebrew  into  the  Greek ;  and  at  evening 
prayers,  a  portion  of  the  New  Testament  out  of  the 
English  into  the  Greek.  One  marvels  that  under  such 
a  stultifying  system  of  worship  a  student  emerged 
from  college  with  a  spark  of  religious  fervor  in 
him !  But,  like  prescribed  Latin  and  Greek,  pre- 
scribed religion  was  slowly  abandoned,  until,  at  the 
beginning  of  this  memorable  year  in  Harvard's  an- 
nals, the  last  vestiges  of  an  antiquated  and  unnatural 
system  have  disappeared. 

These  changes,  which  we  choose  to  call  growth, 
are  trumpeted  abroad  by  hostile  critics  as  a  depart- 
ure which  brings  with  it  the  decay  of  religious  life  at 
Harvard.  It  is  the  death-blow  to  compulsory  reli- 
gion, but  it  is  the  signal  for  the  re-awakening  of  true 
religion.  To-day  there  is  in  this  college  a  greater 
respect  for  religion,  a  purer  and  nobler  religious  life, 
than  there  was  two  hundred  years  ago,  when  religion 
was  secondary  to  theology ;  than  one  hundred  years 
ago,  when  religion  was  tempered  with  fear ;  than 
fifty  years  ago,  when  religion  was  subservient  to 
policy ;  than  yesterday,  when  religion  by  reason  of 
its  compulsion  was  fast  losing  its  hold  upon  the  stu- 
dents. The  attitude  of  the  religious  papers  upon  this 
question  is  deserving  of  the  severest  censure.  Their 


140  THE  UNDERGRADUATES'  DAY. 

utterances  are  maliciously  false ;  they  display  a  temper 
becoming  the  bigoted  sectarian,  but  not  the  humble 
Christian.  Let  them  know,  and  all  the  world  besides, 
that  religion  is  not  dead  at  Harvard;  that  on  the 
contrary,  under  a  voluntary  system,  it  is  entering 
upon  a  new  and  purer  life. 

Those  who  would  enforce  religion  mistake  the  nature 
of  religion,  and  more  especially  the  nature  of  the  per- 
sons upon  whom  they  would  enforce  it.  The  most 
and  the  best  which  a  college  can  do  for  the  spiritual 
wants  of  the  student,  is  to  give  him  opportunities  of 
listening  to  the  great  teachers  of  the  land.  And 
what  college  has  done  more  in  this  direction  than 
Harvard  I 

But  we  have  not  yet  considered  the  student  in  the 
light  in  which  he  is  usually  regarded  by  the  outside 
world,  —  that  is,  as  a  cultivated,  learned,  and  wise  man. 
Let  us  then  see  in  what  ways  he  has  acquired  this 
culture,  learning,  and  wisdom  at  different  periods  in 
the  history  of  the  college.  In  the  laws  of  the  college, 
printed  in  1646,  we  find  the  following,  referring  to  the 
qualifications  for  admission:  "When  any  scholar  is 
able  to  read  Tully,  or  such  like  classical  Latin  author, 
ex  tempore,  and  make  and  speak  true  Latin  in  verse  and 
prose,  and  decline  the  paradigms  of  nouns  and  verbs 
in  the  Greek  tongue,  then  may  he  be  admitted  into 
the  college ;  nor  shall  any  claim  admission  before  such 
qualifications."  Thus,  during  almost  the  entire  first  cen- 
tury of  our  college's  existence,  a  student  need  only  talk 
gibberish  Latin,  write  doggerel  Latin  verse,  show  some 


EDGAR  J.  RICH'S  ADDRESS.  141 

familiarity  with  Greek  grammar,  in  order  to  gain  ad- 
mission to  the  first  institution  of  learning  in  the  land  ! 
But  woe  unto  the  student  who  found  himself  here  with- 
out a  pretty  thorough  training  in  those  meagre  require- 
ments !  Once  under  the  authority  of  the  college  he 
could  not,  by  a  vigorously  enforced  statute,  use  his 
mother  tongue  except  in  public  declamation.  If  he 
could  not  give  in  choice  Latin  a  reasonable  excuse  for 
failure  at  recitation,  he  suffered  double  penalties ;  if  he 
failed  to  ask  in  Latin  for  food  at  the  commons,  he  went 
away  hungry.  But  the  students  had  the  satisfaction 
of  knowing  that  the  inflictors  of  this  refined  torture 
were  themselves  sometimes  put  to  the  test.  It  is  re- 
lated that  an  honored  president  of  this  University,  once 
desiring  the  ejection  of  a  dog  which  had  strayed  into 
evening  prayers,  called  out  in  angry  tone,  "  Exclude 
canem,  et,  et  —  shut  the  door  !" 

After  four  years  spent  in  learning  a  few  cant  con- 
versational Latin  phrases,  and  in  acquiring  a  smatter- 
ing of  Greek  and  of  Hebrew,  the  student  was  ready  to 
receive  his  first  degree.  If,  upon  examination,  it  were 
found  that  he  could  "  read  the  original  of  the  Old  and 
New  Testament  into  the  Latin  tongue  and  resolve  them 
logically,"  he  became  by  the  authority  of  the  college  a 
Bachelor  of  Arts. 

What  can  be  said  in  defence  of  a  curriculum  so  nar- 
row, so  ill-suited  to  make  men  educated,  much  less 
useful  I  This,  —  that  at  a  time  when  natural  phenom- 
ena were  just  beginning  to  be  investigated  with  intelli- 
gence, when  our  literature  was  but  in  its  infancy,  when 
philosophy  had  hardly  emerged  from  scholasticism, 


142  THE  UNDERGRADUATES'  DAY. 

when  history  was  yet  unwritten,  our  college  offered 
to  her  children  the  best  that  the  age  could  give.  And 
we  are  proud  to  say  that  this  is  a  policy  which  our 
Alma  Mater  has  ever  followed.  As  science  advanced, 
as  philosophy  became  infused  with  an  interest  more 
human,  as  literature  was  written  and  history  recorded, 
she  gladly  opened  her  doors  to  the  new  light,  and  gave 
her  children  a  glimpse  of  a  world  of  learning  hitherto 
unknown.  Gradually  the  ancient  requirements  were 
modified  and  broadened,  until  now  the  college  offers 
to  the  student  a  course  of  study  the  best  calculated  of 
any  in  the  land  to  make  her  graduates  educated,  intel- 
ligent, and  useful  men.  Those  who  leave  her  doors 
now  are  not  pedantic  mincers  of  elegant  Latin  phrases, 
nor  dilettante  and  captious  lookers-on  in  a  world  of 
action,  but  men  possessed  of  a  knowledge  which  can 
rectify  wrong  and  accomplish  results,  —  men  who 
become  powers  in  the  religious,  the  social,  and  the 
political  worlds. 

But  the  question  suggests  itself,  May  not  our  col- 
lege in  thus  broadening  its  curriculum,  and  in  giving 
almost  absolute  freedom  of  choice  in  the  selection  of 
studies,  have  gone  too  far?  This  is  not  the  time  to 
criticise  flippantly,  or  to  air  personal  whims;  but  I 
know  that  I  voice  the  sentiments  of  hundreds  of  under- 
graduates and  of  graduates,  when  I  say  that  our  col- 
lege has  made  some  serious  mistakes.  If  it  be  the 
chief  purpose  of  a  college  course  to  give  a  liberal  edu- 
cation, —  and  that  I  conceive  is  its  purpose,  —  there 
must  be  certain  studies  essential  to  such  an  education. 
Latin,  as  an  indispensable  aid  to  the  study  of  law,  of 


EDGAR  J.   RICH'S  ADDRESS.  143 

medicine,  and  of  science,  as  the  basis  of  almost  all 
modern  languages,  as  the  very  sap  of  the  English  lan- 
guage, should  be  required  of  every  scholar  seeking 
admission  to  college.  But  the  elements  of  the  lan- 
guage once  mastered,  I  confess  it  seems  like  mere 
pedantry  to  pursue  the  study  further;  for  the  disci- 
pline which  Latin  gives  has  already  been  largely  ac- 
quired ;  and  as  to  its  literature  —  see  to  it  that  you 
have  first  become  familiar  with  the  infinitely  grander 
literature  of  your  own  language.  Relegate  Latin  to 
the  preparatory  schools,  but  insist  upon  it  there. 

Again,  there  are  studies  universally  admitted  as 
essential  to  a  liberal  education  which  should  be  pur- 
sued after  the  student  has  entered  college.  In  the 
place  formerly  occupied  by  prescribed  Greek,  Latin, 
and  mathematics,  let  us  have  prescribed  philosophy, 
political  economy,  and  English  literature,  and  also  his- 
tory and  science,  if  the  elements  of  these  subjects  can- 
not be  required  for  admission.  All  these  studies  need 
not  occupy  half  of  the  college  course ;  and  the  indis- 
putable advantages  of  an  elective  system  would  not  be 
lost.  In  answer  to  these  criticisms  I  know  it  can  be 
said  that  where  the  option  lies  between  Greek  and 
Latin,  Latin  will  almost  invariably  be  chosen ;  and 
that  those  studies  which  we  would  prescribe  are  now, 
as  a  matter  of  fact,  pursued  by  a  large  majority  of 
students.  But  there  will  be  those  who  will  know 
nothing  of  Latin,  and  there  will  be  those  who  will  be 
ignorant  of  those  other  essential  subjects ;  and  then 
there  will  be  men  graduated  from  this  college  who 
will  not  be  liberally  educated. 


144  THE  UNDERGRADUATES'  DAY. 

But  perhaps  we  criticise  too  severely,  when  we  con- 
sider what  stupendous  strides  our  college  has  made 
towards  attaining  an  ideal  system  of  education.  She 
has  outstripped  all  rivals,  who,  while  criticising  her 
vehemently  for  every  advance,  are  finally  compelled 
to  follow  tardily  in  her  footsteps. 

A  word  to  close.  With  all  this  advance  in  methods 
of  discipline ;  with  this  enlarging  and  quickening  of 
the  religious  life ;  with  this  tremendous  progress  in  the 
curriculum  work,  —  with  all  this,  has  there  been  a  cor- 
responding advance  in  the  manhood  of  the  student  1 
For  this,  after  all,  is  the  test  of  the  efficiency  of  every 
educational  system.  If  self-reliance,  sincerity,  earnest- 
ness, are  elements  of  manhood,  then  there  has  been 
advance ;  for  there  never  was  a  time  when  students 
were  more  self-reliant,  more  sincere,  more  earnest, 
than  they  are  to-day ;  and  this  year  will  go  down  to 
posterity  as  a  year  memorable,  not  so  much  because 
it  marks  the  quarter-millennium  of  the  existence  of 
the  college,  as  because  it  marks  the  culmination  of 
an  educational  policy  the  equal  of  which  to  produce 
true  manhood  cannot  be  found  in  this  land,  or  in 
any  other  land. 


LLOYD  McKIM  GARRISON'S  ODE.  145 


ODE. 

BY  LLOYD  McKIM  GARRISON. 

CLASS  OF  1888. 

MOTHER,  peerless,  immortal,  our  lips  but  repeat 

The  words  so  oft  spoken  before, 
As  we  timidly,  rev'rently,  kneel  at  thy  feet 

And  ask  for  thy  blessing  once  more. 
Our  fathers  rejoiced  at  thy  dawn  overcast  j 

We  exult  in  thy  radiant  day  ; 
So,  our  sons  and  their  sons,  when  our  glories  are  past, 

And  our  names  as  forgotten  as  they  : 

For  though  mountain  and  river  should  part  thee  for  aye 

From  the  child  thou  hast  reared  at  thy  knee, 
The  niche  that  he  keeps  in  his  heart  is  too  high 

To  be  filled  by  another  than  thee. 
The  centuries  fade,  like  a  mist  from  the  glass  ; 

We  are  gone,  —  why,  we  know  not,  nor  where  ; 
Yet  as  ever  we  wearily  halt  as  we  pass, 

We  behold  thee  still  young  and  still  fair. 


10 


FOUNDATION    DAY. 


THERE  were  two  services  in  Appleton  Chapel,  —  in  the 
morning,  when  the  Kev.  FRANCIS  G.  PEABODY,  Plummer 
Professor  of  Christian  Morals,  delivered  the  sermon ;  and 
in  the  evening,  when  the  Rev.  PHILLIPS  BROOKS,  D.D., 
made  the  discourse. 


FOUNDATION  DAY. 

SUNDAY,  NOVEMBER  7,  1886. 


A    SERMON. 

BY  THE  REV.  FRANCIS  GREENWOOD  PEABODY, 

Plummer  Professor  of  Christian  Morals. 


EVES'  SO    WOULD  HE  HAVE   REMOVED    THEE  OUT  OP  A  STRAIT  INTO  A 
BROAD  PLACE.  —  Job  XXXvi.  16. 

THERE  is  but  one  note  to  strike  throughout  our 
worship  to-day.  It  is  the  note  of  thanksgiving.  We 
are  here  simply  to  thank  our  God  for  the  wonderful 
and  increasing  multitude  of  blessings  through  which 
our  University  has  been  led,  — for  the  blessings  which 
she  has  been  permitted  to  receive,  and  the  blessings 
which  she  has  been  able  to  bestow.  We  thank  God 
for  his  influence  on  the  hearts  of  our  ancestors,  so 
moving  them  that  they  waited  neither  for  days  of 
prosperity  nor  peace  to  found  this  college,  but,  fear- 
ing God's  displeasure  visited  upon  ignorance  more 
than  they  feared  their  own  poverty  or  their  savage 
enemies,  set  apart  "a  year's  rate  of  the  whole  colony" 
to  establish  a  place  of  learning.  We  thank  God  that 
we  can  fairly  join  with  the  historian  of  the  University 


150  FOUNDATION    DAY. 

in  believing  that  "  for  a  like  spirit  under  like  circum- 
stances history  will  be  searched  in  vain."  We  thank 
God  for  the  marvellous  contrasts  of  the  present  and 
the  past,  for  the  strange  deliverances  from  perilous 
controversies,  for  the  widening  of  the  intellectual  hori- 
zon and  the  increase  of  spiritual  liberty  which  have 
been  witnessed  here.  We  thank  God  to-day  that  by 
ways  which  the  wisdom  of  our  ancestors  could  not 
have  conceived,  and  from  which  their  hearts  would 
have  recoiled,  we  have  been  brought  "out  of  a  strait 
into  a  broad  place." 

It  is  not  for  to-day,  or  for  a  service  of  worship,  to 
trace  in  detail  the  story  of  these  heroic  beginnings 
and  this  dramatic  growth.  We  are  all  waiting  with 
a  great  expectation  for  this  story  as  it  will  be  told 
to-morrow  in  lyric  prose  and  eloquent  verse.  But, 
after  all,  the  most  striking  and  central  part  of  this 
history  remains  the  peculiar  property  of  this  day 
and  of  our  service  of  worship.  For  the  story  of  those 
early  days,  though  it  abounds  in  political  and  intel- 
lectual interest,  is  in  its  central  element  nothing  else 
than  a  chapter  of  religious  history.  Its  hopes  and 
heroisms  are  those  of  the  religious  life ;  its  controver- 
sies and  dissensions  are  those  of  the  theologians.  We 
remember  to-day  that  the  college  was  founded  for  the 
specific  purpose  of  rearing  fit  persons  for  the  Christian 
ministry,  or,  as  the  first  appeal  for  help  announced, 
"that  the  Commonwealth  may  be  furnished  with 
knowing  and  understanding  men,  and  the  churches 
with  an  able  ministry."  This  specific  purpose  directed 
the  whole  early  history  which  we  commemorate.  In 


REV.  FRANCIS   G.   PEABODY'S  SERMON.  151 

the  first  list  of  college  regulations,  —  called,  as  now 
seems  curious,  "the  liberties"  of  the  college, — the 
first  rules  are  these :  "  Every  scholar  shall  consider 
the  main  end  of  his  life  and  study  to  know  God  and 
Jesus  Christ.  Every  one  shall  so  exercise  himself  in 
reading  the  Scriptures  twice  a  day,  that  they  be  ready 
to  give  an  accoiint  of  their  proficiency.  And  all  soph- 
isters  and  bachelors  shall  publicly  repeat  sermons  in 
the  hall  whenever  they  are  called  forth."  Such  was 
the  college  from  within;  and  when,  somewhat  later, 
there  was  doubt  in  the  community  as  to  its  adminis- 
tration, and  ten  articles  were  proposed  for  a  visitation 
of  its  affairs,  seven  of  these  articles  had  exclusive  ref- 
erence to  its  religious  and  moral  condition.  "  Whether 
the  Holy  Scriptures  be  daily  read  in  the  hall,  and  how 
often  expounded  ?  How  are  the  Saturday  exercises 
performed,  and  are  the  great  concerns  of  their  souls 
duly  inculcated  in  the  youths  ?  " 

What,  then,  do  we  see  in  this  primitive  Puritan 
college  ?  We  see  one  central  characteristic,  whose 
dignity  even  these  narrow  and  mechanical  regulations 
cannot  hide.  It  is  an  institution  founded  by  men  in 
whom  the  sense  of  God  is  the  controlling  impulse,  and 
to  whom  his  glory  is  the  end  of  education.  When 
the  families  of  the  colony  brought  out  of  their  poverty 
their  offerings  to  the  college,  —  the  one  of  five  shill- 
ings, and  the  other  of  a  few  sheep,  and  the  other  the 
fourth  part  of  a  bushel  of  corn,  or  "  something  equiva- 
lent thereto," — it  was  not  as  an  offering  to  culture,  but 
as  an  offering  to  religion  and  for  a  holy  end.  It  was 
the  widow  casting  her  mite  into  the  treasury  of  the 


152  FOUNDATION    DAY. 

temple  for  the  sake  of  the  faith  which  'she  desired  to 
have  fitly  preached. 

It  is,  therefore,  a  fortunate  coincidence  that  our 
day  of  commemoration  falls  upon  our  day  of  worship, 
and  that  we  are  called,  first  of  all,  to  take  up  our 
great  theme  in  the  language  of  religion.  The  Uni- 
versity has  wisely  invited  her  graduates,  wherever 
they  are  serving  her  to-day  in  the  Christian  min- 
istry, to  direct  their  thoughts  toward  this  history  of 
their  college ;  and  we  rejoice  to  think  how  the  whole 
continent  is  this  morning  girdled  with  these  prayers 
of  filial  love.  A  University  with  such  a  history  can 
never  be  indifferent  or  neutral  to  the  problems  of  faith 
and  duty.  She  may  change  her  methods,  but  never 
her  desire.  She  has  had  set  before  her  by  her  found- 
ers an  ideal  of  education  as  a  work  to  do  in  the  sight 
of  God,  —  education  under  religious  responsibility ; 
education  as  a  means  to  character.  We  thank  God 
for  this ;  and  we  survey  this  history  aright  only  when 
we  look  at  it,  first  of  all,  in  the  spirit  of  worship  and 
under  the  power  of  prayer. 

Let  us  then  dismiss  from  our  minds  to-day  the  other 
aspects  of  this  history,  and  consider  only  the  relations 
of  the  University  to  the  moral  and  religious  life.  Let 
us  trace  the  wonderful  contrasts  which  present  them- 
selves in  this  central  concern,  —  the  gains,  the  losses, 
and  the  lessons  of  religious  faith  which  are  to  be  seen  in 
this  great  transition  from  "  a  strait  into  a  broad  place." 
Let  us  set  over  against  each  other  the  way  of  the  higher 
life,  as  it  seems  to  have  been  in  a  Puritan  college  and 
as  it  ought  to  be  in  a  modern  university. 


REV.  FRANCIS  G.  PEABODY'S  SERMON.      153 

The  Puritan  State  out  of  which  our  college  sprang 
presents  a  curious  paradox.  On  the  one  hand,  it  is 
among  the  most  heroic,  devout,  and  fruitful  incidents 
of  history;  on  the  other  hand,  it  is  among  the  most 
hopeless,  Quixotic,  and  fruitless  dreams  of  religious 
enthusiasm.  Its  spirit  was  the  sense  of  responsibility 
to  God  in  every  detail  of  social  and  political  life ;  its 
form  was  the  illusory  scheme  of  a  State  based  on  the 
Old  Testament.  In  its  spirit,  we  can  compare  it  only 
with  that  intimate  recognition  of  a  living  God  which 
makes  Hebrew  history  sacred  history.  In  its  form, 
we  must  compare  it  with  those  visionary  communities 
which  have  been  so  confidently  proposed,  from  the 
days  of  Plato's  Republic  to  the  days  of  Brook  Farm. 
Thus,  the  Puritan  State  was  at  once  a  conspicuous 
failure  and  a  magnificent  success.  The  Puritan  failed 
in  the  purpose  on  which  he  had  set  his  heart;  and 
he  would  look  with  bewilderment,  if  not  with  horror, 
on  the  community  which  he  himself  created.  Yet  the 
very  qualities  in  him  which  made  him  sure  to  fail  are 
the  very  qualities  which  have  been  perpetuated,  and 
which  it  would  be  our  social  ruin  to  lose. 

It  is  easy  to  trace  the  elements  of  this  strange 
contradiction.  On  the  one  hand  stands  the  form  of 
Puritanism.  These  men  meant  to  build  a  State  which 
should  reproduce  the  theocracy  of  the  Hebrews.  They 
seemed  to  themselves  a  chosen  people,  driven  forth 
into  a  new  land  with  no  guidance  but  that  of  Jehovah. 
"  They  guided  their  legislation,"  as  one  historian 
has  said,  "  with  a  Jewish  austerity,  and  reinforced 
their  authority  by  Old  Testament  texts."  Repeating 


154  FOUNDATION    DAY. 

thus  the  theocracy  of  the  Hebrews,  they  were  bound 
to  repeat  the  intolerance  of  the  Hebrews.  It  was 
a  question  between  serving  God  and  serving  Baal. 
The  logic  of  their  situation  sent  Roger  Williams 
to  Rhode  Island  and  the  Quakers  to  the  gallows. 
If  the  State  was  but  the  instrument  of  the  Church, 
then  the  limitation  of  the  franchise  to  church  mem- 
bers became  a  matter  of  course.  "  In  England," 
says  John  Cotton,  "  none  but  members  of  the  Church 
of  England  are  intrusted  with  the  management  of 
affairs ;  in  Popish  countries,  none  but  such  as  are 
Catholics ;  in  Turkey,  none  but  men  devoted  to  Maho- 
met. Yea !  these  very  Indians  that  worship  the  Devil 
will  not  be  under  the  government  of  any  sagamores 
but  such  as  join  with  them  in  the  observance  of  their 
1  powwows '  and  idolatries.  So  that  it  seems  to  be  a 
principle  imprinted  in  the  minds  of  men,  that  such  a 
form  of  government  as  best  serves  to  establish  their 
religion  should  be  established  in  the  civil  state." 
Thus,  the  limited  franchise  might  be  an  inexpedient 
measure,  .but  it  was  an  inevitable  one.  It  was  the 
corollary  of  the  unfaltering  conviction  that  the  will 
of  God  had  been  revealed  in  a  peculiar  way.  "  Thus 
stands  the  case,"  said  Governor  Winthrop,  "  between 
God  and  us.  We  are  entered  into  a  covenant  with  him 
for  this  work.  We  have  taken  out  a  commission." 

It  is  evident  that  a  commonwealth  like  this,  though 
it  might  be  a  lofty  dream,  was  a  dream  impossible 
of  realization.  Like  the  charge  at  Balaklava,  it  was 
magnificent,  but  it  was  predestined  to  defeat.  It 
might  be  consistent  for  church  members  alone  to  vote, 


REV.   FRANCIS  G.  PEABODY'S  SERMON.  155 

but  the  time  soon  would  come  when  it  would  be  im- 
possible. The  choice  had  to  be  made  between  yield- 
ing the  form  and  wrecking  the  State ;  and  the  form 
was  yielded:  Thus  it  happens  that  those  who  could 
not  secure  to  us  what  they  wanted  to  secure,  yet  se- 
cured to  us  something  infinitely  more  precious.  The 
limitation  of  the  vote  passed  away,  but  the  vote  re- 
mained. The  Puritan  meant  to  give  us  church  suf- 
frage :  he  really  gave  us  the  free  ballot.  He  meant 
to  found  a  peculiar  people :  he  really  founded  a  free 
State. 

Such  was  the  form  of  the  Puritan  State.  It  was 
set  in  "  a  strait  place."  The  principles  which  it  held 
could  not  fairly  disclose  themselves  until  the  form 
was  broken.  Puritanism  came  over  like  one  of  the 
hyacinth  bulbs  which  this  generation  imports.  It  was 
a  colorless,  gnarly,  flowerless  thing;  and  those  who 
brought  it  never  seemed  to  have  realized  the  beauty 
and  fragrance  which  might  issue  from  it.  Kept  in  the 
box  which  brought  it  over,  it  was  as  unpromising  a 
plant  as  ever  crossed  the  ocean.  Set  forth  in  the  sun- 
shine of  freedom  and  in  congenial  soil,  it  has  brought 
forth  a  flower  which  a  Puritan  might  have  thought 
almost  too  fair.  Even  within  the  form,  as  it  first 
appeared,  lay  this  potency  for  large  results.  Half- 
hidden  beneath  this  narrowness  of  expression,  there 
already  worked  a  spirit  as  different  from  dogmatic  in- 
tolerance as  a  blossom  is  from  a  bulb :  it  is  a  spirit  of 
the  most  straightforward  and  simple  piety.  There 
never  was  a  Christian  congregation  founded  whose 
covenant  was  simpler  or  more  adapted  to  all  time  than 


156  FOUNDATION   DAY. 

the  covenant  made  six  weeks  after  the  landing  of  Gov- 
ernor Winthrop,  and  still  inscribed  upon  the  walls  of 
the  First  Church  of  Boston.  There  never  was  a  nobler 
exposition  of  the  principles  of  Christian  society  than  in 
Winthrop's  discourse  written  upon  his  voyage.  It  re- 
moves the  whole  community  "  out  of  a  strait  into  a 
broad  place."  "  The  only  way  to  avoid  shipwreck," 
he  says,  "  and  to  provide  for  our  prosperity  is  to  follow 
the  counsel  of  Micah,  *  to  do  justly,  to  love  mercy, 
and  to  walk  humbly  with  our  God.'  For  this  work 
we  must  be  knit  together  as  one  man.  We  must  up- 
hold a  familiar  commerce  together,  in  all  meekness, 
gentleness,  patience,  and  liberality.  So  shall  we  keep 
the  unity  of  the  spirit  in  the  bond  of  peace.  We  shall 
find  that  the  God  of  Israel  is  among  us,  so  that  men 
shall  say  of  succeeding  plantations,  *  The  Lord  made  it 
like  to  that  of  New  England.' " 

What,  then,  might  happen  when  a  community  like 
this,  with  this  conflict  within  itself  of  an  impracticable 
scheme  and  a  noble  ideal,  felt  the  duty  laid  upon  it  of 
founding  a  college?  There  might  lie  before  the  col- 
lege either  the  way  of  the  Puritan  form  or  the  way  of 
the  Puritan  spirit.  The  college  might  develop  along 
the  line  of  intolerance  and  narrowness,  or  along  the 
line  of  a  simple  sense  of  responsibility  to  God.  Noth- 
ing could  seem  more  uncertain  than  the  way  which 
the  college  might  take.  It  becomes  at  once  the 
centre  of  controversy  between  the  ecclesiastics  and 
the  liberal-minded.  Its  history  becomes  of  dramatic 
interest.  We  wonder  how  soon  it  will  be  overwhelmed 
with  dogmatic  tests,  or  administered  out  of  party  in- 


REV.   FRANCIS  G.  PEABODY'S  SERMON.  157 

terests.  We  see  it  led  to  the  very  brink  of  these  fatal 
issues.  It  startles  us  to  think  what  kind  of  a  college 
we  might  have  inherited,  if  certain  words  then  ac- 
cepted by  all  had  crept  into  its  charter,  or  if,  as  so 
nearly,  Cotton  Mather  had  succeeded  his  father  as 
president.  "  I  am  informed,"  he  says  in  his  wrath, 
"  that  yesterday  the  six  men  who  call  themselves  the 
corporation  of  the  college  met,  and,  contrary  to  the 
epidemical  expectation  of  the  country,  chose  a  modest 
young  man,  of  whose  piety  (and  little  else)  every  one 
gives  a  laudable  character.  I  always  foretold  these 
two  things  of  the  corporation :  first,  that  if  it  were 
possible  for  them  to  steer  clear  of  me,  they  will  do  so ; 
secondly,  that  if  it  were  possible  for  them  to  act  fool- 
ishly, they  will  do  so." 

Thus  from  the  very  outset  the  peril  of  bigotry 
beset  the  college.  Its  officials  were  judged,  not 
according  to  their  learning,  but  according  to  their 
orthodoxy.  The  first  president  was  indicted  by  the 
grand  jury,  convicted,  and  dismissed  from  his  posi- 
tion and  his  house  in  the  dead  of  winter,  being 
sent  forth  without  a  home,  with  his  wife  sick,  and, 
as  he  says,  "  his  youngest  child  extremely  so," 
not  because  he  was  not  a  virtuous,  humble,  and 
learned  man,  but  because,  as  Cotton  Mather  said, 
he  had  fallen  "  into  the  briers  of  anti-psedo-bap- 
tisrn."  The  second  president  did  not,  indeed,  like 
Dunster,  hold  that  only  adults  should  be  bap- 
tized. His  heresy  consisted  in  believing  that  in  bap- 
tism sprinkling  was  insufficient,  and  that  the  infant 
should  be  washed  all  over,  —  "an  opinion,"  says  the 


158  FOUNDATION   DAY. 

historian,  "not  tolerable  in  this  cold  region,  and  im- 
practicable in  certain  seasons  of  the  year."  It  was 
for  such  a  conviction  as  this  that  President  Chauncy 
suffered  all  his  long  life,  finally  representing  to  the 
General  Court  "that  he  was  without  land  to  keep 
a  horse  or  a  cow  upon,  or  habitation  to  be  dry  or 
warm  in ;  whereas,  in  English  universities,  the  pres- 
ident is  allowed  diet  as  well  as  stipend  according  to 
his  wants."  And  it  was  no  doubt  his  view  of  bap- 
tism which  made  the  committee  of  the  General  Court 
report  on  this  petition,  "that  they  conceived  the 
country  has  done  honorably  toward  the  petitioner, 
and  that  his  parity  with  English  colleges  is  not  per- 
tinent." Here  is  the  way  in  which  the  college  seemed 
at  first  inevitably  led,  —  the  way  of  doctrinal  tests 
and  sectarian  animosity.  It  was  "a  strait  place"  to 
which  it  seemed  directed,  —  a  place  of  contention, 
first  between  the  various  factions  of  one  sect,  and 
then  no  less  between  the  prevailing  sect  and  the 
vigorous  movement  of  Anglicanism.  It  is  safe  to 
say  that  if  this  way  of  development  had  been  taken, 
we  should  have  little  to  celebrate  to-day.  But,  by 
a  guidance  which  seems  miraculous  at  such  a  time, 
the  college  was  led  of  God  "out  of  a  strait  into  a 
broad  place."  It  seems  fairly  incredible  that  at  the 
very  time  when  the  orthodoxy  of  its  officers  was 
thus  suspected,  and  the  religious  opinions  of  its  stu- 
dents a  constant  matter  of  concern,  there  should  not 
appear  in  any  charter  of  the  college  a  single  word  of 
doctrinal  test  or  sectarian  tendency.  The  first  con- 
stitution of  the  college  dedicates  it  to  "  piety,  moral- 


REV.  FRANCIS  G.  PEABODY'S  SERMON.  159 

ity,  and  learning."  The  charter  of  1650  announces 
as  its  object  "  the  education  of  the  English  and  In- 
dian youth  of  this  country  in  knowledge  and  godli- 
ness;" and  in  1643  the  college  seal  was  adopted, 
with  its  motto  "  Veritas "  written  across  the  open 
books.  Piety,  morality,  godliness,  and  truth,  —  these 
are  the  four  great  words  which  mark  the  earliest  offi- 
cial utterances  of  this  college  to  religion.  Discuss 
and  bicker  as  its  governors  might  concerning  its  tem- 
porary affairs,  it  seems  as  if  they  were  sobered  and 
lifted  in  their  thought  when  they  dealt  with  the 
permanent  conditions  of  the  institution,  with  the  same 
sense  of  awful  responsibility  toward  these  young  souls 
which  has  kept  every  administration  of  the  college 
ever  since  above  all  suspicion  of  sectarian  purpose 
or  strategy.  We  are  led  in  these  utterances  out  of 
the  temporary  form  of  Puritanism  into  the  higher 
spirit  of  Puritanism.  The  incidents  of  the  college 
were  determined  by  the  one :  its  continuous  devel- 
opment was  determined  by  the  other.  Piety,  mo- 
rality, godliness,  and  truth,  —  to  these  ends,  for  which 
our  ancestors  founded  this  institution  and  made  room 
for  it  in  the  "  strait  place  "  of  their  struggling  life,  — 
to  these  ends  we  dedicate  her  life  once  more  to-day. 
We  know,  as  they  knew,  that  she  can  serve  the  State 
only  as  she  rears  her  students  in  piety  and  morality. 
We  know,  as  they  knew,  that  her  permanent  pros- 
perity must  come  through  her  increase  of  godliness; 
and  we  believe,  with  a  completeness  which  perhaps 
they  could  not  have  confessed,  that  the  first  religious 
duty  of  a  university  is  loyalty  to  truth. 


160  FOUNDATION    DAY. 

Such  is  the  story  of  religion  in  its  official  and 
organic  relation  to  the  college.  It  is  a  history  of 
strange  deliverances.  Superficially  looked  at,  it  might 
not  seem  a  story  which  ministers  could  tell  with  satis- 
faction ;  for  it  must  be  admitted  to  be  a  story  of  the 
continuous  decline  of  clerical  influence.  Slowly  the 
government  of  the  college  passed  from  the  hands  of 
the  ministers ;  slowly  it  grew  less  and  less  a  theological 
school.  But  in  reality  no  greater  service  could  be  done 
by  an  institution  of  learning  to  the  Christian  ministry 
than  by  taking  the  institution  out  of  the  ministers'  hands. 
It  was  the  only  way  of  permitting  to  the  ministry  its 
share  in  the  growth  of  the  world's  thought.  It  was 
the  only  way  in  which  the  college  could  be  changed 
from  rearing  a  strait  ministry  to  the  more  noble 
task  of  rearing  a  broad  ministry.  Those  who  believe 
in  religion  must  believe  that  it  does  not  ask  of  a  uni- 
versity a  peculiar  or  exclusive  care,  but  that  it  asks 
only  a  fair  chance  for  welcome  and  for  discipline.  Once 
more,  the  Puritan  builded  better  than  he  knew.  He 
failed  in  his  absorbing  scheme  of  a  seminary  pecul- 
iarly devoted  to  Biblical  instruction ;  but  he  laid  the 
foundation  of  a  type  of  religion  much  more  likely 
to  endure  than  his  own,  whose  corner-stones,  placed 
by  his  own  hands,  are  piety,  morality,  godliness,  and 
truth. 

But,  after  all,  these  official  and  organic  aspects  of 
the  college  are  less  interesting  to  us  to-day  than  are 
its  lessons  concerning  personal  and  individual  life. 
That  which  concerns  us  in  our  worship  is  not  so  much 


REV.  FRANCIS  G.   PEABODY'S  SERMON.  161 

the  institution  as  the  souls  which  compose  it.  Let  us 
turn  from  the  college  as  a  whole  to  the  story  of  its 
students'  lives.  What  are  the  transitions  which  we 
there  notice  ?  How  has  it  been  with  this  army  of 
young  men  1  Has  student  life  in  these  days  anything 
yet  to  learn  of  faith  or  duty  of  those  primitive  times  I 
These  are  the  questions  which  interest  us  to-day.  It 
is  the  spiritual  history  of  the  college  which  we  are 
tracing,  and  that  is  a  matter  of  personal  character  and 
individual  faith. 

The  first  thing  that  is  noteworthy  in  this  history 
of  personal  character  is  the  fact  that  the  same  depres- 
sing judgments  were  then  passed  upon  student  life 
which  we  are  in  the  habit  of  hearing  now.  To  a  cer- 
tain class  of  minds  their  own  age  always  appears  an 
age  of  peculiar  degeneracy.  Many  persons  feel  this 
now  about  our  college,  many  persons  always  have  felt 
so,  and  the  gossip  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  years  ago 
might  almost  be  taken  as  the  gossip  of  to-day.  Thus, 
Cotton  Mather  writes  of  children  who  left  home  "  with 
some  gospel  symptoms  of  piety,  and  quickly  lose  all, 
and  neither  do  nor  hear  any  more  such  things  as  they 
had  before  they  went  from  home ; "  and,  again,  of 
"  young  ministers  who  are  the  gifts  of  Christ  in  the 
service  of  our  churches,  who  declare  that  before  they 
came  to  be  what  they  are  they  found  it  necessary  to 
lay  aside  the  sentiments  which  they  brought  from  the 
college  with  them."  He  inquires,  like  some  modern 
critic  of  the  elective  system,  "whether  the  pupils, 
having  learned  what  is  expected  of  them  (which  to 

the  more  acute  sparks  requires  very  little  preparation), 

11 


162  FOUNDATION    DAY. 

all  the  rest  of  the  time  is  not,  in  a  manner,  their  own, 
and  little  care  to  make  them  deserve  the  name  of 
students  1 "  So,  also,  Rev.  Ezekiel  Rogers,  of  Rowley, 
dying  in  1661,  suspects  that  the  golden  age  is  passed. 
"  I  tremble  to  think,"  he  writes,  "  what  will  become 
of  the  glorious  work  we  have  done  when  the  ancients 
shall  be  gathered  with  their  fathers.  I  fear  grace  and 
blessing  will  die  with  them.  We  grow  worldly  every- 
where. Every  one  for  himself,  little  care  for  the  pub- 
lic good." 

The  next  thing  to  notice  is  that  such  complaints 
and  despondency  were  quite  as  much  justified  then 
as  now.  Although  the  tutors  chastised  at  discretion, 
and  the  students  twice  a  day  practised  reading  of 
the  Scriptures,  "  accompanied  by  theoretical  observa- 
tions on  its  language  and  logic,"  complaints  of  immo- 
rality were  by  no  means  rare.  It  was  not  a  time  to 
which  one  may  look  back  as  one  of  strenuous  morality. 
It  was  a  time  in  which  such  offences  as  blasphemy, 
thieving,  card-playing,  and  extravagance  are  noted 
in  the  college  books.  Thus  the  golden  age  of  col- 
lege morality  is  not  to  be  sought  for  in  its  distant  past. 
Nor  does  such  searching  of  the  records  give  us  any 
reason  to  deplore  the  tendencies  of  the  present.  The 
ethics  of  our  college  show  on  the  whole  a  continuous 
gain.  The  more  one  studies  our  history  the  more 
likely  he  is  to  believe  that  the  moral  tone  among  us 
was  never  higher  than  it  is  to-day.  The  more  these 
young  men  have  been  trusted,  the  more  they  have 
justified  our  trust ;  the  more  they  have  been  left  free, 
the  better  has  been  our  college  discipline.  The  ob- 


REV.   FRANCIS   G.  PEABODY'S  SERMON.  163 

serving  world  catches  sight  of  the  scum  which  floats 
on  the  surface  of  college  life,  and  calls  it  unclean; 
but  the  nearer  one  gets  to  the  mass  of  student  life 
to-day,  the  surer  he  grows  that  the  heart  of  it  is 
sound.  He  does  not  pine  for  the  good  old  times,  for 
he  sees  the  assurance  of  a  much  manlier  morality  in 
the  tendencies  and  standards  which  prevail  among 
us  now. 

But  issuing  from  these  details  of  morality,  we  are 
brought  into  one  great  contrast  of  the  spiritual  life  of 
a  Puritan  student  with  the  spiritual  life  of  a  young 
man  to-day,  which  sums  up  all  that  I  wish  to  say. 
It  is  the  contrast  between  life  considered  as  an  obliga- 
tion and  life  considered  as  an  opportunity,  between 
life  regulated  by  the  uniform  method  of  superimposed 
authority  and  life  opening  out  into  an  infinite  variety 
of  equal  privileges.  I  need  not  emphasize  this  con- 
trast. Life  as  an  obligation  made  the  Puritan  what 
he  was.  It  fixed  the  method  of  study  here.  God 
demanded  a  definite  type  of  student  life,  and  it  must 
be  forthcoming.  If  our  founders  had  been  told  that 
this  was  "  a  strait  place,"  they  would  have  quickly  re- 
torted, "  Strait  is  the  gate  that  leadeth  unto  life,  and 
broad  the  way  that  leadeth  unto  death."  Now,  on 
the  other  hand,  there  lies  before  us  the  sense  of  life 
as  an  opportunity.  It  marks  the  university  as  against 
the  college  system.  Instead  of  uniformity,  complexity ; 
instead  of  a  straight  and  narrow  way,  an  endless  variety 
of  paths.  It  is  no  longer  the  choice  between  a  strait 
and  a  broad  path:  it  is  the  choice  between  a  highway 
and  a  way  which  one  makes  for  himself.  Under  the 


164  FOUNDATION    DAY. 

Puritan  method  the  young  man  stands  looking  along 
a  turnpike  road ;  he  pays  his  toll  and  his  path  is 
defined.  Under  the  modern  method  he  stands  look- 
ing up  at  the  mountain  of  the  scholar's  life;  and 
it  is  for  him  to  make  his  own  way  upward,  threading 
as  he  may  through  the  underbrush  to  the  fair  prospect 
at  the  summit. 

When  this  contrast  thus  presents  itself,  our  first 
mood  is  one  of  unqualified  congratulation.  The  gains 
in  such  a  transition  are  obvious.  It  is  the  deliverance 
"  out  of  a  strait  into  a  broad  place."  But  what  it 
becomes  us  to-day  to  remember  is  this :  that  the 
contrast  is  not  one  born  of  opposition,  but  one  reached 
by  growth.  It  is  not  possible  for  an  institution  or 
for  any  individual  within  it  to  value  life  as  an 
opportunity  until  he  has  valued  it  as  an  obligation. 
It  is  not  possible,  either  historically  or  personally, 
to  outgrow  the  Puritan  limitation  until  the  Puritan 
position  has  itself  been  held.  First,  the  qualities  of 
Puritanism;  then,  larger  qualities  which  Puritanism 
did  not  know,  —  such  must  be  the  order  of  growth 
alike  in  the  community  and  in  each  soul. 

Such,  for  instance,  is  every  man's  experience  about 
education.  On  the  one  hand,  he  must  confess  that 
the  great  transition  of  his  intellectual  life  was  when 
he  passed  from  thinking  of  study  as  an  obligation 
to  thinking  of  it  as  an  opportunity.  Then  it  was 
that  the  guidance  of  his  work  was  changed  from  a 
superimposed,  authoritative,  external  direction  to  a 
voluntary,  spontaneous,  inward  impulse.  Then  it  was 
that  he  passed  from  the  studies  of  a  boy  to  the  studies 


REV.   FRANCIS  G.   PEABODY'S  SERMON.  165 

of  a  man.  Yet,  on  the  other  hand,  any  student  knows 
that  except  in  rare  cases  of  peculiar  genius  one  does 
not  come  to  value  the  opportunities  of  study  unless 
he  has  been  trained  in  the  obligations  of  study.  The 
method  of  the  boy  precedes  the  method  of  the  man. 
First,  the  discipline  of  authority;  then,  the  discovery 
that  one  may  discipline  himself.  Let  a  young  man 
come  into  the  atmosphere  of  university  life  without 
this  sense  of  obligation,  and  he  rarely  reaches  the 
sense  of  opportunity.  He  has  no  background  of  Pu- 
ritan discipline,  and  the  time  which  to  many  marks  an 
intellectual  regeneration  is  a  tune  frittered  away. 

So  it  is  in  the  development  of  the  moral  life.  It  is, 
indeed,  a  glad  transition  when  the  sense  of  moral 
obligation  passes  into  that  of  moral  opportunity,  and 
the  duties  of  life  are  accepted  as  its  privileges.  Yet 
it  is  none  the  less  true  that  in  the  soul,  as  in  the  Bible, 
the  law  must  precede  the  gospel.  The  higher  grades 
of  spontaneous  virtue  are  rooted  in  the  disciplined 
sense  of  duty.  They  do  not  outgrow  duty:  they 
grow  out  of  it.  To  reach  them  independently  is  but 
trying  to  gather  the  fruits  of  life  without  nourishing 
the  roots  of  life.  "  Perfect  love  casteth  out  fear,"  says 
a  nobler  spirit  than  that  of  the  Puritans ;  but  no  less 
truly  replies  the  Puritan,  "  The  fear  of  the  Lord  is  the 
beginning  of  wisdom." 

Or  look  at  this  contrast  in  what  we  may  call  our 
view  of  life.  It  was  a  hard,  stern  view  which  pre- 
vailed among  the  Puritans,  fostered  by  their  struggles, 
their  poverty,  and  their  creed.  But  what  a  courage, 
endurance,  and  optimism  it  bred !  These  men  never 


166  FOUNDATION    DAY. 

despaired  of  their  country  or  their  race,  or  of  the  final 
purposes  of  God.     And  what,  on  the  other  hand,  is 
this  other  curious  phenomenon  which  we  now  witness 
among-  the  cultivated,  —  this  refined  and  gentle  pessi- 
mism, this  faith  that  the  world  is  bad,  and  this  ener- 
vating reliance  on  the  solaces  of  art  amid  the  wreck  of 
hope,  as  though,  while  things  must  be  evil,  it  was  com- 
forting that  they  were  still  beautiful  ?     It  is,  once  more, 
because  so  many  men  are  now  thrown  into  the  midst 
of  the  opportunities  of  life  before  they  have  felt  the 
obligations  of  life.     What  they  need  is  a  wholesome 
reinforcement  of  Puritan   discipline,  a  healthier  fric- 
tion with   reality.     Strangely  enough,  it  is  not  easy 
conditions  of  life  which  make  men  have  faith  in  life : 
it  is   hard  conditions.     The  Hebrews   set   forth   into 
poverty   and   homelessness,    and   develop   a  glorious 
optimism.     Greece  maintains  herself  in  a  continuous 
struggle  against  overwhelming  odds,  and  begins,  not 
the  philosophy  of  despair,  but  the  philosophy  of  hope. 
Pessimism,  on  the  other  hand,  is  not  the  outcome  of 
hardship  and  struggle  :  it  is  the  outcome  of  ease ;  it  is 
the  philosophy  of  Sybarites.     They  believe  in  the  bad- 
ness of  a  world   they  have  not  tried.     Trial  is  their 
redemption.     They  fall    back  upon   the  holiness   of 
beauty,  because  they  have  not  tested  the  beauty  of 
holiness.     If  we   would  regain  faith  in  the  world,   it 
must  be  not  by  multiplying  luxury,  but  by  returning 
to  simplicity.     The  Puritan  view  of  life  has  its  lesson 
still  to    teach   amid  the   multiplying  and   dissipating 
resources  of  the  modern  world ;  and  where  shall  that 
lesson  be  taught  and  heeded,  if  not  through  increased 


REV.  FRANCIS  G.  PEABODY'S  SERMON.     167 

simplicity   and   diminished  ostentation   in   a  Puritan 
college  like  this  ? 

But,  more  than  all,  let  us  observe  this  same  transi- 
tion in  the  religious  world.  The  one  great  and  happy 
change  in  a  soul  or  in  a  world  is  when  it  issues  from 
thinking  of  religion  as  an  obligation,  and  comes  to  see 
it  is  an  opportunity.  It  is  not  a  change  which  is  even 
yet  universal.  We  still  hear  much  of  "  supporting 
religion,"  of  "  standing  up  for  Jesus,"  as  though  re- 
ligion were  a  poor,  weak  thing,  against  which  we  must 
build  our  scaffoldings  to  buttress  and  sustain  it.  But 
the  fact  is  that  we  do  not  support  religion,  —  it  supports 
us.  "Thou  bearest  not  the  root,  but  the  root  thee." 
Its  mass  sustains  our  props  ;  and  when  we  remove  the 
scaffoldings  of  obligation,  and,  standing  off,  observe 
the  structure  in  its  own  fairness,  then  for  the  first  time 
comes  the  full  glow  of  the  religious  life.  Religion 
stands  there,  not  as  an  institution  to  be  supported,  but 
as  an  opportunity  to  be  accepted.  It  is  like  a  great 
cathedral  rising  in  the  midst  of  a  busy  town,  with  its 
daily  persuasions  to  the  soul.  Such  is  the  higher 
aspect  of  the  religious  life,  of  which  the  Puritan  teach- 
ing knew  but  little.  Yet,  once  more,  the  pressing  peril 
of  religion  to-day  lies  in  its  divorce  from  the  religion 
of  the  past.  The  opportunities  of  religion  are  but 
enervating  influences  unless  they  grow  out  of  its 
obligations.  Among  the  essays  of  Mr.  Hutton,  there 
is  one  which  deals  with  what  he  calls  the  "  Hard 
Church."  It  is  the  body  of  those  whose  faith  is 
rigid,  dogmatic,  authoritative,  obligatory.  Certainly, 
the  Puritans  belonged  to  the  hard  church  ;  and  we  may 


168  FOUNDATION   DAY. 

be  grateful  that  a  gentler  age  has  come.  But  a  kin- 
dred peril  besets  the  modern  world.  It  is  the  danger 
of  falling  into  the  ranks  of  what  we  must  call  the  "  soft 
church,"  —  soft,  because  instead  of  faith  it  has  a  mush 
of  sentiment,  with  no  vertebrated  thought  or  rigid 
ethics,  with  the  nature  of  a  mollusk  rather  than  the 
nature  of  a  man.  The  hard  church  sees  the  obliga- 
tions of  religion,  and  fails  to  see  its  gentler  graces. 
The  soft  church  sees  the  opportunities  of  religion,  but 
builds  on  no  rock  of  obligation.  It  is  tolerant  toward 
other  beliefs,  because  it  has  no  strong  belief  of  its  own. 
It  is  broad,  but  thin.  It  calls  itself  liberal,  when  it  is 
only  spiritually  indolent,  and  is  liberal  only  because 
it  is  soft.  The  soft  church  thinks  religion  is  to  be  had 
without  effort,  —  that  while  a  man  has  to  work  to  be 
rich  or  learned,  he  ought,  somehow,  to  get  his  religion 
easily.  It  is  fond  of  quoting  that  God  can  be  had  for 
the  asking,  as  though  that  asking  for  God  did  not  mean 
all  the  wrestling  and  waiting  which  the  Puritan  religion 
knew  so  well.  Oh  for  some  renewal  of  a  more  stren- 
uous faith  amid  this  world  of  religious  opportunity 
which  opens  so  easily  before  us  in  our  day  !  If  a  man 
would  build  up  into  these  higher  opportunities,  he  must 
build  down  to  the  substructure  of  the  sense  of  obli- 
gation. He  must  discipline  himself  to  await  his  sum- 
mons, or  the  summons  will  come  to  him  in  vain.  He 
must  endure  hardness  as  a  good  soldier  of  Jesus  Christ, 
or  the  soft  church  will  claim  him  as  its  own. 

Thus  it  is  that  the  morals  and  faith  of  the  Puritans 
stand  in  relation  to  the  morals  and  faith  of  to-day 


REV.  FRANCIS  G.  PEABODY'S  SERMON.     169 

We  have  passed  from  the  domain  of  the  Puritan 
scheme,  and  we  are  grateful.  We  thank  God  that  we 
are  brought  "  out  of  a  strait  into  a  broad  place."  Yet  the 
way  of  life  before  us  is  not  that  of  reaction,  —  it  is  that 
of  evolution.  There  never  was  a  time  which  needed 
more  a  background  of  the  Puritan  spirit.  We  need  in 
our  business  morals  a  sterner  sense  of  the  fear  of  God. 
We  need  in  our  home  life  a  renewed  simplicity.  We 
need  in  our  religion  a  revival  of  discipline  and  res- 
ponsibility. It  is  the  Puritan  calling  to  us  across  cen- 
turies, and  summoning  us  to  the  readjustment  of  the 
present  with  the  past. 

And,  finally,  where  shall  this  profoundest  problem 
of  the  time  be  most  fitly  solved?  In  what  kind  of 
a  community  is  it  likely  that  faith  shall  thus  grow 
large,  continuous,  and  stable  ?  The  Puritan  had 
his  answer  to  this  question.  He  believed  that  when 
men  desired  to  advance  the  kingdom  of  God  in 
a  community,  the  best  thing  they  could  do  was 
to  found  a  college.  We,  too,  reaching  across  the 
gulf  of  years,  join  hands  with  the  Puritans  in  this 
belief.  We  know  that  what  threatens  religious  truth 
is  not  —  as  many  vainly  cry  —  increase  of  learning, 
but  increase  of  ignorance.  We  know  that  when  minds 
are  truly  learned,  they  become  not  self-asserting  or  self- 
sufficient,  but  humble  and  tolerant  in  the  presence  of 
that  unfathomed  mystery  into  which  all  their  learning 
opens.  We  know  that  the  soft  church  is  made  up  of 
the  undisciplined  minds,  the  superficial  theologians,  the 
self-sufficiency  of  ignorance.  Just  as  we  know  that 
the  first  glimpse  of  learning  has  turned  many  minds 


170  FOUNDATION    DAY. 

from  religion,  so  we  know  that  it  is  by  the  higher 
learning  that  religious  conviction  must  be  restored. 
If  scholarship  must  change  prevailing  conceptions,  it 
is  for  a  higher  scholarship  to  bring  in  a  new  reverence. 
The  atmosphere  of  a  true  university  should  be  an 
atmosphere  pervaded  by  the  sanctity  of  all  learning 
honestly  pursued.  A  college  dedicated  to  Truth  ought 
to  be  the  servant  of  Christ  and  of  his  Church. 

Thus,  then,  in  the  name  and  in  the  service  of  religion, 
we  praise  and  honor  our  University.  We  thank  God 
that  her  way  has  been  removed  from  a  strait  place 
and  broadened  toward  a  larger  destiny.  The  fathers 
built  their  little  skiff  and  launched  it  in  circumscribed 
and  familiar  waters,  and  it  served  them  well ;  but  an 
unheeded  current  bore  it  slowly  down  toward  the  tide 
and  the  scent  of  the  sea.  Their  sons  enlarged  and 
strengthened  it,  and  ventured  forth  beyond  the  head- 
lands in  brief  and  timid  voyages  of  discovery.  For 
us,  the  skiff  has  been  transformed  into  a  mighty  vessel ; 
and  all  the  oceans  of  research  are  open  to  it  and  all  the 
continents  of  knowledge  wait  beyond,  and  its  depend- 
ence is  no  longer  on  the  changeful  winds  which  blow 
upon  it,  but  on  a  motive  power  which  is  within  itself. 
God  give  it  many  a  prosperous  voyage,  and  make  it 
the  bearer  of  many  an  honest  man  on  many  a  manly 
errand ! 


SERMON. 

BY  THE  REV.  PHILLIPS  BROOKS,  D.D., 
Rector  of  Trinity  Church,  Boston. 


JESUS  CHRIST,  THE  SAME  YESTERDAY,  TO-DAY,  AND  FOR  EVER.  — 
Hebrews  xiii.  8. 

THERE  is  no  finer  effort  of  the  imagination  than  that 
which,  at  times  like  this,  clothes  a  great  institution  with 
personality,  and  makes  it  live  in  all  the  fulness  of  intel- 
ligence and  affection  and  will.  It  is  not  an  uncommon 
power.  The  finest  powers  are  not  those  which  are  ex- 
ceptional and  rare,  but  those  which  belong  in  general 
to  all  humanity,  and  constitute  the  proof-marks  of  its 
excellence.  In  every  age  the  member  of  the  body  of 
Christ  has  seen  the  great  expression  of  Christ's  life  of 
which  he  was  a  part  stand  forth  sublime  and  gracious 
as  Mother-Church.  In  every  time  of  national  peril  and 
preservation  the  patriot  has  been  able  to  cry  out  to  his 
beloved  land  standing  before  him  in  personal  distinct- 
ness, — 

"  O  Beautiful  1  my  Country !  ours  once  more ! 
Smoothing  thy  gold  of  war-dishevelled  hair 
O'er  such  sweet  brows  as  never  other  wore  ! " 

In  every  period  of  her  history  the  College  has  been  a 
true  person,  a  very  Alma  Mater  to  her  children. 

The  vividness  of  such  personification  must  be  great 
in  proportion  to  the  prominence  and  distinctness  of 


172  FOUNDATION    DAY. 

human  life  in  the  institution  which  thus  assumes  per- 
sonality. Not  the  railroad  or  the  factory,  things  of 
machinery,  but  the  church  or  the  college,  things  of 
men,  stand  forth  like  great  human  beings  and  accept 
their  titles  when  we  call  them  he  or  she.  And  just  be- 
cause she  has  human  life  within  her  in  its  most  vivid 
and  eager  and  critical  time  and  shape,  does  a  college 
most  readily  and  thoroughly  become  the  subject  of 
this  mysterious  and  beautiful  process  by  which  out  of 
the  confused  and  tumultuous  experiences  of  uncounted 
men  there  issues  as  we  gaze  upon  them  one  great 
image,  which  is,  strangely,  at  once  the  aggregate  and  em- 
bodiment of  them,  and  also  something  greater  than  them 
all,  —  their  protector  and  nurse,  their  teacher,  friend, 
and  mother.  It  is  out  of  the  infinite  human  experience 
and  pathos  of  this  place,  —  it  is  out  of  the  way  in  which 
these  buildings  and  these  grounds  have  been  the  scenes 
of  so  much  human  life  for  these  two  hundred  and  fifty 
years ;  of  struggles  and  hopes  and  fears  and  aspirations ; 
of  doubts  and  dreads;  of  men's  conflicts  with  them- 
selves, and  of  men's  coming  to  the  knowledge  of  them- 
selves ;  of  solitudes  and  associations ;  of  gainings  of 
faith  and  of  losings  of  faith ;  of  triumphs  and  of  de- 
spairs ;  of  temptations  and  of  ecstasies,  —  it  is  out  of 
all  this  hovering  like  a  great  cloud  over,  rising  like  a 
great  exhalation  from,  the  long  history  of  Harvard 
College  and  its  generations  of  men,  that  slowly,  mys- 
teriously, but  at  last  very  clearly,  there  shapes  itself 
as  we  look,  as  the  great  outcome  of  the  whole,  a 
majestic  being  which  we  call  the  College,  with  human 
features  and  capacities,  with  eyes  to  smile  or  frown  on 


REV.  PHILLIPS  BROOKS'S  SERMON.  173 

us,  with  a  mouth  to  praise  us  or  rebuke  us,  with  a 
heart  to  love  us,  with  a  will  to  rule  us  and  to  fix 
standards  for  our  life. 

It  is  that  embodiment  of  the  College  as  a  gigantic 
gracious  personality  that  is  most  present  with  her  chil- 
dren who  have  come  up  to  her  festival.  She  sits  like 
Jerusalem  upon  her  hills,  "  the  mother  of  us  all."  It 
is  that  personal  presence  which  is  with  us  here  to- 
night. What  I  want  to  do  in  the  time  which  I  may 
occupy  with  this  sermon,  is  to  remind  myself  and  you 
that  this  great  being  whom  we  reverence  and  love 
must  stand  in  some  conscious  relation  and  obedience 
to  universal  being,  must  feel  her  life  included  in  some 
larger  life,  or  else  she  fails  of  her  best  growth  and 
good ;  and  to  see  how  that  larger  life  in  which  hers 
must  be  inclosed,  and  out  of  which  it  is  to  be  fed,  is 
expressed  in  these  words  out  of  the  old  Epistle  to  the 
Hebrews,  "  Jesus  Christ,  the  same  yesterday,  to-day, 
and  for  ever." 

The  necessity  of  which  I  speak  is  universal.  There 
is  no  life  which  fulfils  itself  entirely  and  worthily  ex- 
cept as  it  is  inclosed  within  the  grasp  of  a  life  larger 
than  its  own.  Such  inclosure  may  be  represented  as 
an  obedience  to  which  the  life  is  bound,  a  service 
which  it  is  compelled  to  render,  —  or,  more  truly,  as 
the  existence  within  an  element  which  is  its  natural 
supply  and  food.  Just  think  how  numerous  the  illus- 
trations are.  Each  man  must  feel  about  him  the  grasp 
of  the  total  humanity  to  which  he  belongs :  if  he  does 
not,  he  becomes  unhuman.  Each  truth  must  be  aware 


174  FOUNDATION    DAY. 

of  the  great  whole  of  truth  of  which  it  utters  a  frag- 
ment: if  it  does  not,  it  becomes  untrue.  Each  star 
must  quiver  with  the  movement  of  the  system,  or  it  is 
a  mere  waif  and  stray  of  brilliance,  living  at  random 
in  the  sky.  Each  article  of  faith  must  feel  the  creed 
around  it.  Each  class  in  the  community  must  live  in 
the  larger  life  of  the  community,  which  is  above  all 
classes  and  embraces  all.  Each  nation  must  be  part 
of  the  federation  of  the  world.  Each  age  in  history 
must  be  conscious  of  all  human  history  in  whose  em- 
brace it  is  held,  and  of  the  vast  eternity  in  which  all 
the  history  of  this  world,  all  time,  swims  as  a  cloud 
swims  in  the  limitless  sky.  The  Christian  in  the 
church,  the  citizen  in  the  state,  the  institution  in  the 
commonwealth,  —  everywhere  you  have  this  principle 
of  elemental  life ;  the  principle  that  every  life  except 
the  greatest  lives  in  its  element,  the  partial  in  the 
universal,  the  temporary  in  the  eternal ;  that,  whether 
they  be  actively  conscious  of  it  or  not,  all  things  that 
really  live  are  feeding  themselves  out  of  a  great  atmos- 
phere of  larger  life  which  surrounds  them,  and  to  which 
they  must  forever  keep  themselves  open.  The  part 
which  knows  itself  and  lives  in  obedience  and  recep- 
tivity to  its  great  whole  is  strong.  The  part  which 
calls  itself  a  whole,  and  shuts  itself  up  against  the 
inflow  of  that  universal  which  is  "  ever  green,"  grows 
dry  and  barren  and  desolate,  and  dies. 

Of  how  many  dying  lives  of  men  and  institutions 
is  the  secret  here !  All  false  partisanship,  all  barren 
specialism,  all  intellectual  and  spiritual  selfishness,  is 
but  the  effort  of  the  part  to  take  itself  out  of  the 


REV.   PHILLIPS  BROOKS'S  SERMON.  175 

embrace  of  the  whole.  The  healthy  partisanship  is 
always  reaching  out  toward  the  universal  interests  and 
methods.  The  healthy  specialism  is  always  bathing 
itself  in  the  absolute  and  universal  truth. 

And  now  it  is  the  privilege  of  festival  times  like 
those  which  our  college  is  to  keep  to-morrow,  that  in 
them  the  part  finds  and  feels  anew  its  deep  relations 
to  the  whole  of  things.  That  which  the  clash  and 
clamor  of  detail,  the  necessary  absorption  of  busy 
life  in  its  own  operations,  has  shut  out  and  silenced, 
presses  in  and  makes  itself  heard.  The  universal 
claims  the  special.  The  Infinite  and  Eternal  makes 
itself  known  to  the  temporary  and  the  finite.  The 
planet  stops  one  second  to  wonder  at  its  own  myste- 
rious life,  and  then  the  thrill  of  the  suns  comes  pour- 
ing in  upon  it.  The  one  enthusiastic  study  pauses  for 
an  instant,  and  in  that  quiet  moment  it  feels  the  grasp 
of  all  knowledge  warm  around  it.  In  its  great  anni- 
versary days  the  city  bathes  itself  in  the  higher  loy- 
alty, the  broader  patriotism,  of  the  State.  On  his 
birthday,  when  he  stops  his  work  to  gather  up  his 
life,  the  man  knows  himself  more  than  the  individual ; 
the  whole  humanity  to  which  he  belongs  grows  clear 
to  him. 

Nor  is  this  something  which  belongs  only  to  the  day 
of  anniversary  observance;  it  comes  with  the  lapse 
of  history  itself.  Every  institution  which  healthily 
lives  is  always  in  the  very  process  of  its  life  freeing 
itself  more  and  more  from  slavery  to  its  partial  and 
temporary  connections,  and  entering  into  broader  re- 
lations with  the  true  element  of  its  existence.  All 


176  FOUNDATION    DAY. 

healthy  action  and  movement  tends  to  more  and  more 
liberated  and  enlarged  relation  to  the  intended  condi- 
tions and  elemental  supply  of  the  thing  which  acts 
and  moves.  There  is  no  truer  sign  of  the  divine 
presence  in,  the  divine  care  of,  the  world  than  that. 
The  Church  of  Christ  begins  almost  as  a  Jewish  in- 
stitution. It  is  wrapt  around  with  Jewish  prejudices  ; 
it  treads  at  every  step  on  the  lines  of  Jewish  exclu- 
siveness.  But  it  lives,  it  moves,  it  does  its  work ; 
and  by  and  by  it  has  found  out  for  itself,  and  it  is 
asserting  before  the  world,  that  its  field  is  universal 
human  nature,  that  the  true  element  of  its  existence 
is  a  sympathy  as  broad  as  human  kind.  A  man 
begins  on  some  limited  occupation.  His  care  and 
interests  are  shut  in  to  the  little  thing  that  he  is 
doing.  He  thinks  of  himself  only  as  the  shoemaker 
or  tailor.  Is  it  not  good,  is  it  not  beautiful,  to  see  how 
as  he  faithfully  does  his  one  thing  year  after  year 
his  relation  to  other  things  that  other  men  are  do- 
ing but  which  he  will  never  do,  and  to  the  whole  of 
life  in  which  his  thing  and  all  those  other  things 
are  included,  opens  around  him  and  becomes  real 
to  him,  and  he  comes  more  and  more  to  be  not 
only  the  shoemaker  and  tailor,  but  the  man  ?  If 
that  broadening  is  not  always  going  on,  he  is  not 
working  faithfully.  So  every  true  action  in  any 
sphere  makes  real  the  larger  spheres  in  which  we 
live.  Long  service  of  any  master  makes  us  feel  the 
higher  masteries,  and  sets  us  free  to  serve  them.  The 
longer  we  live  truly  in  time  the  more  we  breathe 
the  breath  of  eternity.  The  more  largely  we  work 


REV.  PHILLIPS  BROOKS'S  SERMON.  177 

in  our  specialty,  the  more  we  enter  into  the  sense 
of  the  divineness  of  all  work,  the  more  we  are  the 
brothers  of  all  workers  everywhere. 

It  would  be  terrible  if  it  were  not  so.  It  is  ter- 
rible that  it  is  not  so  to  hosts  of  workers  in  their 
drudgeries.  Alas  for  the  man  who  is  not  growing 
into  broader  sympathy  with  men  the  longer  that  he 
does  his  special  work  !  Alas  for  the  institution  that 
does  not  feel  all  life  clamorous  and  profuse  about 
it,  the  longer  that  it  goes  on  building  its  little  corner 
or  laying  its  bit  of  the  foundation  of  the  great  struc- 
ture !  Each  has  missed  the  best  result  of  living, 
which  is  that  life  enlarges  itself  by  its  own  healthy 
action,  —  solvitur  ambulando,  —  and  grows  more  con- 
scious and  more  receptive  of  the  true  element  of  its 
existence  the  longer  and  more  faithfully  it  does  its 
work. 

I  have  dwelt  long  on  these  first  principles,  because 
in  them  I  find  the  key  of  the  meaning  of  this  college 
festival.  All  thankfulness  for  the  past,  all  hope  for 
the  great  future,  depends  I  think  on  this, — on  whether 
the  University  which  we  profoundly  love  has  grown 
towards,  and  shall  continually  grow  more  and  more 
into,  a  full  obedience  to  the  great  masteries,  a  full  ac- 
ceptance of  the  great  elemental  influences  and  supplies 
on  which  all  life  must  feed,  into  the  fuller  and  fuller 
relation  to  God  and  universal  human  life  which  can 
alone  make  her  and  keep  her  what  she  ought  to  be. 
Let  us  see,  with  a  hurried  glance  at  some  points  in  her 
history,  whether  there  is  any  light  upon  the  question 

12 


178  FOUNDATION   DAY. 

which  must  rest  heavily  on  many  of  her   children's 
minds. 

First,  then,  it  is  hard  to  realize,  although  history 
clearly  tells  us  of  it,  how  definite  and  limited  and 
special  was  the  foundation  of  Harvard  College.  It 
lay  like  a  round,  compact  ball  of  light  in  the  in- 
tention of  its  founders.  It  had  no  relations  with  any 
region  of  human  life  except  its  own.  To  make  min- 
isters of  a  certain  faith  and  of  a  certain  order,  —  that 
faith  conceived  of  as  the  final  expression  of  the 
truth  of  God ;  that  order  accepted  as  the  appointed 
means  for  men's  salvation,  —  to  create  certain  types  of 
experience  and  to  protect  an  acknowledged  system 
of  church  discipline,  this  was  the  end  for  which  the 
college  was  established.  Learning  was  valued,  but 
it  was  valued  for  this  end.  Never  was  there  a  sys- 
tem more  clearly  conceived,  more  definitely  limited, 
than  that  New  England  Puritanism.  The  great 
world  of  humanity  lay  around  it  unfelt,  unregarded. 
All  secular  interests  were  absorbed  into  it,  and  where 
they  could  not  be  absorbed  were  ignored  or  denounced. 
Like  a  rock  in  a  great  sea,  resting  upon  its  own 
foundations,  beaten  upon  by  waves  of  which  it  took 
no  manner  of  account,  so  stands  the  Puritanism  of 
the  seventeenth  century,  and  the  Harvard  College 
which  it  built  in  the  midst  of  the  multifarious  and 
restless  history  of  man. 

The  history  of  the  college  since  that  time  of  its 
foundation  has  been  the  story  of  a  constant  open- 
ing of  this  intense  and  limited  and  narrow  life  to 
the  great  human  world  by  which  it  was  surrounded. 


REV.   PHILLIPS  BROOKS'S  SERMON.  179 

The  years  have  brought  perpetual  enlargement.  That 
narrowness  and  specialness  of  the  seventeenth  cen- 
tury Puritanism  has  shown  how  healthy  it  was  even 
in  its  isolation,  by  the  capacity  which  it  has  devel- 
oped to  blend  once  more  with  larger  human  life, 
and  make  itself  more  and  more  truly  human. 

There  are  four  periods  coming  almost  at  the  be- 
ginning and  in  the  middle  of  each  century,  almost 
exactly  fifty  years  apart,  which  seem  to  me  to  mark 
the  stages  of  this  outward  pulsation  of  our  college 
life,  this  feeling  of  and  response  to  humanity  around 
it.  They  have  all  taken  the  form  of  special  contro- 
versies, but  their  spirit  was  larger  and  deeper  than 
their  form. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  eighteenth  century  came 
the  struggle  about  church  discipline.  There  was  a 
bursting  open  of  the  tight,  compact  body  of  techni- 
cal sainthood.  Increase  Mather,  the  great  exponent 
of  the  genius  and  nature  out  of  which  the  college 
sprang,  published  on  the  1st  of  March,  1700,  his 
"  Order  of  the  Gospel  Justified."  "  Sundry  ministers 
of  the  Gospel  in  New  England  "  replied  to  him.  The 
real  question  was,  who  should  be  counted  true  sub- 
jects of  the  Christian  sacraments?  When  Increase 
Mather  and  his  son  Cotton  were  defeated,  it  was 
a  sign  that  the  earnestness  which  existed  in  human 
life  at  large  had  made  itself  felt  within  the  church, 
and  that  the  hard  close  envelope  of  church  disci- 
pline had  broken  open. 

Fifty  years  later  came  another  contest,  resulting 
in  a  new  enlargement.  In  1736  there  was  a  "  great 


180  FOUNDATION    DAY. 

awakening "  or  revival  of  religion  in  Northampton, 
where  Jonathan  Edwards  was  preaching  his  intense 
and  earnest  gospel.  In  1740  George  Whitfield  came 
like  a  great  wind  of  God  across  the  land.  The  col- 
lege life  was  stirred.  The  sober  souls  grew  fearful 
of  enthusiasm.  President  Holyoke  preached  against 
Pharisaism ;  and  Dr.  Wigglesworth,  the  Hollis  Pro- 
fessor, wrote  a  strong  letter  to  the  great  English 
Evangelist,  protesting  against  his  aspersions  on  the 
college  piety.  It  is  not  necessary  to  take  sides  in 
the  old  dead  dispute;  certainly  it  is  not  necessary 
for  us  to  praise  in  full  what  no  doubt  was  a  very 
lukewarm  condition  of  religious  zeal,  —  but  we  may 
well  rejoice  in  the  occurrence  as  a  breaking  open  of 
what  had  been  a  very  hard  and  tight  idea  of  reli- 
gious experience.  It  was  a  protest  in  behalf  of  the 
variety  and  spontaneity  of  spiritual  life ;  it  was  a 
claiming  of  its  rights  for  the  soul  of  man.  So  it 
was  in  the  region  of  experience  a  true  enlargement 
of  the  deep  life  of  the  college. 

The  nineteenth  century  began  with  a  more  seri- 
ous convulsion.  In  1805  the  Rev.  Henry  Ware 
was  chosen,  after  a  long  struggle,  to  the  Hollis  Pro- 
fessorship of  Divinity.  Once  more,  we  need  not 
commit  ourselves  to  his  theology,  nor  to  that  which 
for  many  years  after  remained  the  ruling  theology 
of  the  University,  in  order  to  recognize  that  in  that 
act  and  all  which  was  connected  with  it  there  was 
a  true  breaking  open  of  the  shell  of  dogma  and  a 
participation  by  the  college  thought  in  the  more 
universal  currents  which  were  sweeping  through  the 


REV.  PHILLIPS  BROOKS'S  SERMON.  181 

world.  It  was  an  opening  of  the  truth  to  the  more 
general  influence  of  Truth.  It  was  as  if  a  skin-full  of 
water  which  had  been  floating  in  the  ocean  had  burst, 
and  the  water  in  it  had  flowed  out  and  the  water 
of  the  mighty  ocean  had  flowed  in. 

All  these  enlargements  were  within  the  sphere  of 
what  is  technically  called  theology.  Need  I  remind 
you  of  how  in  these  more  recent  days,  in  the  third 
and  fourth  quarters  of  this  nineteenth  century, 
technical  theology  itself  has  broken  open  and  min- 
gled itself  with  life.  New  sciences  have  claimed 
that  they  too  have  revelations  to  give  us  of  the 
will  and  ways  of  God.  The  actual  life  of  men,  the 
problems  of  the  personal  soul,  the  perplexities  of 
social  life,  —  these,  as  well  as  the  abstractions  of  the 
intellect,  have  proved  their  power  to  waken  doubt 
and  to  inspire  faith.  You  cannot  separate  theology 
any  longer  by  sharp  lines  from  psychology  and  soci- 
ology. The  open  doors  of  the  college  chapel  into 
which  no  man  henceforth  is  driven,  from  which  no 
man  is  excluded,  in  and  out  of  which  men  pass  spon- 
taneously and  freely,  give  a  true  symbol  of  the  way 
in  which  theology  and  life  —  what  men  have  loved 
to  call  the  sacred,  and  what  men  have  dared  to  call 
the  profane  —  flow  freely  in  and  out  of  one  another. 

These,  very  hurriedly  suggested,  are  the  four.  The 
enlargement  of  Discipline,  the  enlargement  of  Ex- 
perience, the  enlargement  of  Dogma,  the  enlarge- 
ment of  Life,  —  these  are  the  successive  openings  of 
the  envelopes  which  have  inclosed  the  thought  and 
action  of  the  college,  until  at  last  it  stands  free  to 


182  FOUNDATION   DAY. 

draw  its  inspiration  from,  and  to  exercise  its  influ- 
ence upon,  the  whole  activity  of  man. 

What  meaning  shall  we  see  in  all  this?  No 
doubt  it  is  possible  enough  to  see  no  meaning,  or 
to  see  low  meanings,  in  it.  Possible  enough  to  see 
no  meaning,  to  think  of  it  all  as  a  long  dynasty  of 
accidents,  —  chance  killing  chance,  and  taking  posses- 
sion of  the  vacant  throne.  If  that  is  all,  then  no- 
body can  guess  the  future  from  this  past:  on  into 
utter  recklessness  or  back  into  a  darker  and  severer 
superstition  than  any  from  which  she  has  escaped, 
either  way,  this  chance-governed,  ungoverned  world 
of  ours  may  go.  Possible  to  give  it  all  a  low  mean- 
ing; possible  enough  to  see  in  it  nothing  but  the 
casting  off  of  restraint  after  restraint,  in  order  that 
at  last  all  traces  of  connection  with  the  supernatural 
shall  disappear,  and  the  slavery  and  degradation  of 
pure  secularism  shall  be  complete,  —  until  at  last  reli- 
gion and  the  mystery  of  life  shall  be  forever  dis- 
sipated, and  the  thin,  hard,  and  colorless  relic  which 
is  left  shall  lie  staring  upon  us  in  the  glare  of  the 
electric  light  which  men  choose  to  call  by  the  great 
name  of  science. 

Either  of  these  ways  of  looking  at  it  all  is  possible. 
But  there  is  yet  another  and  a  higher  possibility. 
Thsre  may  be  in  all  this  progress  of  enlargement 
which  we  have  traced  a  richer  and  more  gracious 
meaning.  It  may  signify  —  we  believe  that  it  does 
signify  —  the  partial  gradually  reconciling  itself  to 
the  universal ;  the  temporary,  little  by  little,  fulfilling 
itself  with  the  eternal.  There  was  a  discipline  of 


REV.   PHILLIPS  BROOKS'S  SERMON.  183 

the  Christian  Church  larger  than  the  discipline  of 
the  Puritans,  in  which  the  discipline  of  the  Puritans 
had  floated  as  the  part  floats  in  the  whole.  The 
discipline  of  the  Puritans  felt  that;  was  pressed  on, 
was  tempted  by  it,  and  at  last  broke  open  in  the 
attempt  to  find  it.  Experience  was  larger  than  Whit- 
field,  Dogma  was  larger  than  Calvin,  Life  was  larger 
than  Theology,  and  so  one  after  another,  in  these 
which  are  the  concentric  spheres  within  which  human 
nature  lives,  the  successive  openings  of  the  partial 
into  the  universal,  and  the  temporary  into  the  eter- 
nal, came.  Not  less  but  more  mysterious  and  rich 
and  religious  is  the  little  floating  part  when  it  hears 
the  vast  whole  on  every  side  of  it  calling  with  deep 
voice,  and  opens  its  small  existence  and  is  first  filled 
and  then  absorbed  by  the  complete,  which  is  greater 
than  its  partialness. 

And  now  I  know  that  you  have  felt  how  I  have 
been  circling  about  my  text,  and  just  upon  the  point 
of  touching  it.  What  is  this  whole,  after  which  all 
the  partial  life  of  our  great  College  has  been  reach- 
ing, toward  which  she  has  been  enlarging  herself 
all  these  two  hundred  and  fifty  years'?  What  is 
this  universal  and  eternal  power  within  which  these 
and  all  the  temporary  struggles  of  mankind  are  •in- 
cluded? We  open  the  Sacred  Book,  we  turn  to  the 
majestic  letter  written  centuries  ago  to  members  of 
the  great  sacred  nation,  and  there  we  find  our  an- 
swer: "Jesus  Christ,  the  same  yesterday,  to-day, 
and  for  ever." 


184  FOUNDATION    DAY. 

And  what  and  who  is  Jesus  Christ  ?  In  rever- 
ence and  humility  let  us  give  our  answer.  He 
is  the  meeting-  of  the  Divine  and  Human,  —  the 
presence  of  God  in  humanity,  the  perfection  of  hu- 
manity in  God;  the  divine  made  human,  the  human 
shown  to  be  capable  of  union  with  the  divine ;  the 
utterance  therefore  of  the  nearness  and  the  love  of 
God,  and  of  the  possibility  of  man.  Once  in  the 
ages  came  the  wondrous  life,  once  in  the  stretch  of 
history  the  face  of  Jesus  shone  in  Palestine,  and 
his  feet  left  their  blessed  impress  upon  earth;  but 
what  that  life  made  manifest  had  been  forever  true. 
Its  truth  was  timeless,  the  truth  of  all  eternity. 
The  love  of  God,  the  possibility  of  man,  —  these  two 
which  made  the  Christhood,  —  these  two,  not  two, 
but  one,  had  been  the  element  in  which  all  life  was 
lived,  all  knowledge  known,  all  growth  attained. 
Oh,  how  little  men  have  made  it,  and  how  great  it 
is !  Around  all  life  which  ever  has  been  lived  there 
has  been  poured  forever  the  life  of  the  loving  deity 
and  the  ideal  humanity.  All  partial  excellence,  all 
learning,  all  brotherhood,  all  hope  has  been  bosomed 
on  this  changeless,  this  unchanging  Being  which 
has  stretched  from  the  forgotten  beginning  to  the 
unguessed  end.  It  is  because  God  has  been  always, 
and  been  always  good,  and  because  man  has 
been  always  the  son  of  God,  capable  in  the  very 
substance  of  his  nature  of  likeness  to  and  union 
with  his  Father,  —  it  is  because  of  this  that  noble- 
ness has  never  died,  that  truth  has  been  sought  and 
found,  that  struggle  and  hope  have  always  sprung 


REV.   PHILLIPS  BROOKS'S  SERMON.  185 

anew,  and  that  the  life  of  man  has  always  reached 
to  larger  and  to  larger  things. 

This  is  the  Christian  truth  of  Christ.  "In  Him 
was  life,  and  the  life  was  the  light  of  men."  This 
is  the  truth  of  man's  redemption.  As  any  man  or 
any  institution  feels  and  claims  around  its  life,  as 
the  element  in  which  it  is  to  live,  the  sympathy  of 
God  and  the  perfectibility  of  man,  that  man  or  in- 
stitution is  redeemed ;  its  fetters  and  restraints  give 
way,  and  it  goes  forward  to  whatever  growth  and 
glory  it  is  in  the  line  of  its  being  to  attain. 

It  is  the  duty  of  an  anniversary  to  test  and  re- 
cognize the  relation  in  which  a  man  or  a  venerable 
college  stands  to  this  element  of  the  Christhood,  to 
the  goodness  of  God  and  the  greatness  of  man,  as 
making  together  the  atmosphere  of  life.  Think  then 
about  the  history  of  our  college  as  we  hurriedly 
traced  it.  Is  its  true  explanation  here?  Has  all  this 
constant  enlargement  of  its  life  been  moving  towards 
the  great  truths  of  the  goodness  of  God  and  the 
sublime  capacity  of  man  ?  It  must  be  so.  Our  pro- 
gress of  these  two  centuries  and  a  half  would  be  a 
terrible  mockery  if  it  were  not  so,  —  if,  whether  we 
are  conscious  of  it  or  not,  we  had  not  been  always 
advancing  towards  a  deeper,  warmer,  truer  certainty 
of  the  divine  love  surrounding  us,  and  a  profounder 
assurance  of  the  unexhausted  capacity  of  man  whose 
faculties  were  finding  training  here. 

"  Whether  we  are  conscious  of  it  or  not,"  I  say ; 
for  one  of  the  assurances  which  comes  to  us  most 
clearly  at  a  time  of  festival  like  this,  is  that  our 


186  FOUNDATION   DAY. 

history  has  been  under  diviner  guidance  and  has 
moved  toward  nobler  ends  than  we  have  understood. 
The  college  has  been  in  greater,  holier  hands  than 
she  has  known.  Alas  for  the  college,  if  these  two 
hundred  and  fifty  years  have  meant  for  her  no  more 
than  she  has  been  able  to  see  that  they  were  meaning! 
In  many  ways  it  seems  as  if  she  had  been  strangely 
and  specially  unable  to  read  the  deeper  meanings  of 
her  history.  Our  college  is  not  quick  to  believe  the 
highest  things  about  herself.  Our  Harvard  way  is,  as 
a  whole,  to  read  life  on  its  negative  side  more  than  on 
its  positive.  We  think  of  such  enlargements  as  I  have 
depicted  rather  as  escapes  from  bigotry  and  supersti- 
tion than  as  possible  entrances  into  deeper  faith.  We 
dwell  more  on  the  exposure  of  error  than  on  the 
discovery  of  truth  in  spiritual  things.  We  are  more 
afraid  of  believing  something  which  we  ought  not  to 
believe,  than  of  not  believing  something  which  we 
ought  to  believe.  We  distrust  the  enthusiasms  of 
faith.  As  we  loose  our  ship  from  any  moorings  of 
the  past  to  sail  out  into  any  great  uncertain  ocean 
of  the  future,  we  are  more  ready  to  listen  to  the 
malarial  voices  which  cry  to  us  from  the  shore,  "  Be- 
gone, Begone ! "  than  to  hear  the  great  deep  with  its 
unbounded  inspirations  bidding  us,  "  Come  on,  Come 
on ! "  Who  of  us  does  not  know  this  temper  of  our 
good  mother,  and  how  sedulously  she  instils  it  into 
her  children? 

Therefore  it  is  that  more  than  most  institutions  our 
University  has  lived  under  greater  forces  and  for 
greater  ends  than  she  has  habitually  acknowledged 


REV.  PHILLIPS  BROOKS'S  SERMON.  187 

to  herself.  Therefore  it  is  that  in  her  commemora- 
tive season  our  University  is  specially  bound  to 
look  deep  into  her  own  life,  to  look  broadly 
across  her  own  history,  and  to  see  with  unhesitat- 
ing eyes  what  diviner  significance  than  she  has 
known  has  been  in  her.  If  when  she  only  said  to 
herself  that  she  was  training  boys  to  make  their 
living,  giving  them  good  habits,  showing  them  how 
to  study,  now  and  then  by  the  way  discovering  a 
bit  of  truth  which  had  not  been  known  before,  now 
and  then  by  the  way  casting  out  a  bit  of  error  which 
had  been  proved  untrue,  —  if  all  the  time  when  she 
has  been  seeming  to  herself  to  be  doing  only  this, 
God  has  been  bearing  testimony  in  her  to  the  nearness 
of  His  love  and  to  the  divineness  of  manhood  as  His 
child,  —  now  at  her  festival,  when  she  gathers  all  her 
history  up  into  her  consciousness  and  stands  in  awe 
before  herself,  now  is  the  time  for  her  to  boldly  recog- 
nize her  own  profounder  meaning,  to  own  the  Christ- 
hood  within  which  she  has  lived,  and  to  give  her 
whole  future  up  to  it  for  government  and  help  and 
blessing.  My  friends,  brethren  in  the  love  and  care 
of  our  great  mother,  let  us  do  that  for  her.  Let  us 
demand  of  her  to  do  that  for  herself  to-day. 

What  does  it  mean,  to  do  that?  How  can  she  do 
that,  does  she  ask?  Let  her  remember,  let  her 
know,  that  Christ  is  law  as  well  as  truth;  Christ  is 
righteousness  as  well  as  revelation.  The  Christhood 
which  is  yesterday,  to-day,  and  forever  is  the  perpet- 
ual utterance  of  the  unchanging  ordinance  of  God 
that  only  through  the  doing  of  the  right  does  man 


188  FOUNDATION    DAY. 

come  to  the  knowledge  of  the  true.  Let  then  the 
college  which  seeks  the  highest  truth  in  Christ  accept 
the  necessity  of  righteousness  as  the  sole  doorway  and 
avenue  to  it.  We  miss  this  great  conviction  in  too 
much  of  our  University  history.  In  the  multitude 
of  our  police  regulations,  in  the  thoroughly  econom- 
ical view  of  conduct  which  a  great  community  begets, 
we  feel  too  rarely  the  great  inspiration  of  righteous- 
ness as  opening  the  way  to  truth,  of  character  as  the 
medium  through  which  light  can  flow.  "  Blessed  are 
the  pure  in  heart,  for  they  shall  see  God,"  —  are  those 
words  too  lofty,  too  transcendent,  to  write  on  the  new 
portal  of  the  college  yard?  Would  they  be  but  a 
mockery  of  the  baser  thoughts  of  life,  the  lower  ideas 
of  learning,  which  the  yard  contains?  Alas  for  the 
college  if  that  be  so  !  for  only  when  a  great  University 
cultivates  character  and  insists  on  righteousness,  be- 
cause so  only  can  she  know  the  real  truth  concerning 
the  divine  and  human,  concerning  God  and  man,  only 
then  has  she  claimed  her  place  within  that  power 
which  bridges  the  eternities ;  only  then  has  she  really 
given  herself  to  Jesus  Christ,  the  same  yesterday,  to- 
day, and  forever. 

To  such  a  University,  cultivating  righteousness  as 
the  medium  of  faith,  must  come  great  privileges.  We 
love  to  think  that  she  must  become  a  great  home  of 
reconciliations.  In  her  calm  and  lofty  air  the  friends 
of  whom  the  world  would  make  foes  must  meet  and 
own  their  friendship.  Science  and  religion,  faith 
and  reason,  individuality  and  society,  conservatism 
and  radicalism,  poverty  and  wealth,  the  past  and  the 


REV.  PHILLIPS  BROOKS'S  SERMON.  189 

future,  —  these  must  join  hands  and  walk  in  peace 
with  one  another  in  a  city  of  scholars,  where  not  in 
the  base  spirit  of  compromise,  but  in  the  higher  at- 
mosphere of  universal  and  eternal  truth  and  duty, 
the  essential  unity  of  all  good  things  shall  be  made 
manifest  and  clear. 

I  hope  that  I  have  made  clear  the  thought  of  the  col- 
lege which  was  upon  m y  heart  when  I  began  to  speak. 
Let  me  put  that  thought  in  a  single  word  as  I  close. 
Behind  all  life,  before  all  life,  above  all  life,  below 
all  life  is  Christ.  As  the  world  lives  in  the  sky,  so 
all  life  lives  in  Him.  He  is  the  power  and  love  of 
God  and  the  divine  capacity  in  man,  not  held  as 
truths,  but  folded  in  personal  inspiration  around  the 
life  which  lives  in  them.  All  progress,  all  enlarge- 
ment of  any  institution  consists  in  nearer  and  freer 
and  more  spiritual  approach  to  Him.  His  method  of 
drawing  lives  to  Him  is  the  method  of  enlightenment 
through  righteousness.  We  are  thankful  for  all  the 
righteous  life  of  the  past.  We  pray  for  honesty, 
uprightness,  purity,  courage  in  the  future,  because 
through  these  the  college  must  more  and  more  cease 
to  be  an  isolated  struggle  in  a  special  field.  More  and 
more  it  must  become  a  part  of  the  great  onward  move- 
ment of  the  purposes  of  God,  —  a  part  of  the  great 
everlasting  development  of  man  into  the  measure  of 
the  stature  of  the  fulness  of  Christ. 

How  can  we  better  close  than  with  these  words  out 
of  this  same  Epistle  to  the  Hebrews :  "  We  are  made 
partakers  of  Christ  if  we  hold  the  beginning  of  our 


190  FOUNDATION  DAY. 

confidence  steadfast  unto  the  end."  There  is  no  break 
in  such  a  history  as  ours.  To  ever  larger  duty,  to 
ever  larger  truth,  the  old  college  goes  forth  under  the 
perpetual  inspirations  of  faith  in  God  and  faith  in  man. 
Those  two  together  make  the  faith  of  Christ.  May 
He  who  has  been  our  master  from  the  far-off  beg-in- 

o 

ning,  be  our  master,  ever  more  and  more  acknowledged, 
ever  more  and  more  obeyed,  on  even  to  the  distant 
eiid! 


THE    ALUMNI    DAY. 


THE  main  features  of  this  day  were  the  services  in  Sanders 
Theatre  in  the  forenoon,  and  the  dinner,  with  the  addresses, 
in  the  afternoon. 


THE    ALUMNI    DAY. 

NOVEMBER  8,  1886. 


I. 

in 


THE  President  of  the  Association  of  the  Alumni  advanced 
and  spoke  as  follows  :  — 

OPENING  ADDRESS. 

BY    THE  HONOKABLE  CHARLES  DEVENS. 

MR.  PRESIDENT,  BRETHREN  OF  THE  ALUMNI: 

I  congratulate  you  that  we  are  assembled  in  such 
full  numbers  on  this  interesting  occasion  and  in  the 
presence  of  the  authorities  of  the  University,  who 
unite  with  us  in  its  celebration. 

Together  on  this  day  we  are  entitled  to  enjoy  the 
history  and  the  memories  of  the  past  two  hundred  and 
fifty  years  during  which  our  cherished  institution  has 
had  its  life,  and  hopefully  to  anticipate  for  it  an  ever- 
widening  sphere  of  usefulness  in  the  years  which  are 
to  come. 

On  your  behalf,  and  on  that  of  all  present,  I  welcome 
most  cordially  the  honored  President  of  the  United 
States,  and  the  members  of  his  cabinet  who  accom- 

13 


194  THE    ALUMNI   DAY. 

pany  him;  his  Excellency  the  Governor  of  the  Com- 
monwealth ;  the  delegates  from  other  universities  and 
colleges ;  and  the  other  distinguished  guests  who  honor 
us  by  their  presence. 

Without  preface,  I  will  ask  your  attention  to  the 
literary  exercises  which  have  been  arranged.  Neither 
orator  nor  poet  will  need  any  introduction  from  me 
to  you. 

At  their  conclusion,  the  President  of  the  University 
will  make  certain  announcements  from  his  ancient 
academic  chair,  to  which  I  am  sure  you  will  gladly 
listen. 

In  your  name,  Brethren,  I  invite  the  Rev.  Prof. 
FRANCIS  Gr.  PEABODY  to  commence  our  day  with 
prayer. 

After  the  prayer  and  singing,  the  Orator  and  Poet  each  took 
his  place  in  turn  at  the  desk. 


ORATION. 

BY  JAMES  RUSSELL  LOWELL. 

Professor  in  the  University. 

IT  seems  an  odd  anomaly,  that,  while  respect  for 
age  and  deference  to  its  opinions  have  diminished  and 
are  still  sensibly  diminishing  among  us,  the  relish  of 
antiquity  should  be  more  pungent,  and  the  value  set 
upon  things  merely  because  they  are  old  should  be 
greater  in  America  than  anywhere  else.  It  is  merely 
a  sentimental  relish ;  for  ours  is  a  new  country  in  more 
senses  than  one,  and  like  children  when  they  are  fan- 


JAMES  RUSSELL  LOWELL'S  ORATION.  195 

eying  themselves  this  or  that,  we  have  to  play  very 
hard  in  order  to  believe  that  we  are  old.  But  we  like 
the  game  none  the  worse,  and  multiply  our  anniver- 
saries with  honest  zeal,  as  if  we  increased  our  centuries 
by  the  number  of  events  we  could  congratulate  on 
having  happened  a  hundred  years  ago.  There  is 
something1  of  instinct  in  this ;  and  it  is  a  wholesome 

O  ' 

instinct,  if  it  serve  to  quicken  our  consciousness  of  the 
forces  that  are  gathered  by  duration  and  continuity,  — 
if  it  teach  us  that,  ride  fast  and  far  as  we  may,  we 
carry  the  Past  on  our  crupper,  as  immovably  seated 
there  as  the  black  Care  of  the  Eoman  poet.  The 
generations  of  men  are  braided  inextricably  together, 
and  the  very  trick  of  our  gait  may  be  countless  gen- 
erations older  than  we. 

I  have  sometimes  wondered  whether  as  the  faith  of 
men  in  a  future  existence  grew  less  confident,  they 
might  not  be  seeking  some  equivalent  in  the  feeling 
of  a  retrospective  duration,  if  not  their  own,  at  least 
that  of  their  race.  Yet  even  this  continuance  is  tri- 
fling and  ephemeral.  If  the  tablets  unearthed  and 
deciphered  by  geology  have  forced  us  to  push  back 
incalculably  the  birthday  of  man,  they  have  in  like 
proportion  impoverished  his  recorded  annals,  making 
even  the  Platonic  year  but  as  a  single  grain  of  the 
sand  in  Time's  hour-glass,  and  the  inscriptions  of 
Egypt  and  Assyria  modern  as  yesterday's  newspaper. 
Fancy  flutters  over  these  vague  wastes  like  a  butterfly 
blown  out  to  sea,  and  finds  no  foothold.  It  is  true 
that  if  we  may  put  as  much  faith  in  heredity  as 
seems  reasonable  to  many  of  us,  we  are  all  in  some 


196  THE    ALUMNI    DAY. 

transcendental  sense  the  coevals  of  primitive  man,  and 
Pythagoras  may  well  have  been  present  in  Euphorbus 
at  the  siege  of  Troy.  Had  Shakespeare's  thought 
taken  this  turn  when  he  said  to  Time,  — 

"  Thy  pyramids  built  up  with  newer  might 
To  ine  are  nothing  novel,  nothing  strange ; 
They  are  but  dressings  of  a  former  sight." 

But  this  imputed  and  vicarious  longevity,  though  it 
may  be  obscurely  operative  in  our  lives  and  fortunes, 
is  no  valid  offset  for  the  shortness  of  our  days,  nor 
widens  by  a  hair's  breadth  the  horizon  of  our  memo- 
ries. Man  and  his  monuments  are  of  yesterday,  and 
we,  however  we  may  play  with  our  fancies,  must  con- 
tent ourselves  with  being  young.  If  youth  be  a  defect, 
it  is  one  that  we  outgrow  only  too  soon. 

Mr.  Ruskin  said  the  other  day  that  he  could  not  live 
in  a  country  that  had  neither  castles  nor  cathedrals ; 
and  doubtless  men  of  imaginative  temper  find  not  only 
charm  but  inspiration  in  structures  which  Nature  has 
adopted  as  her  foster-children,  and  on  which  Time  has 
laid  his  hand  only  in  benediction.  It  is  not  their  an- 
tiquity, but  its  association  with  man,  that  endows 
them  with  such  sensitizing  potency.  Even  the  land- 
scape sometimes  bewitches  us  by  this  glamour  of  a 
human  past ;  and  the  green  pastures  and  golden  slopes 
of  England  are  sweeter  both  to  the  outward  and  to 
the  inward  eye  that  the  hand  of  man  has  immemorially 
cared  for  and  caressed  them.  The  nightingale  sings 
with  more  prevailing  passion  in  Greece  that  we  first 
heard  her  from  the  thickets  of  a  Euripidean  chorus. 
For  myself,  I  never  felt  the  working  of  this  spell  so 


JAMES  RUSSELL  LOWELL'S  ORATION.  197 

acutely  as  in  those  gray  seclusions  of  the  college  quad- 
rangles and  cloisters  at  Oxford  and  Cambridge,  con- 
scious with  venerable  associations,  and  whose  very 
stones  seeined  happier  for  growing  old  there.  The 
chapel  pavement  still  whispered  with  the  blessed  feet 
of  that  long  procession  of  saints  and  sages,  and  schol- 
ars and  poets,  who  are  all  gone  into  a  world  of  light, 
but  whose  memories  seem  to  consecrate  the  soul  from 
any  ignobler  companionship. 

Are  we  to  suppose  that  these  memories  were  less 
dear  and  gracious  to  the  Puritan  scholars,  at  whose 
instigation  this  college  was  founded,  than  to  that  other 
Puritan  who  sang  the  "  dim  religious  light,"  the  "  long- 
drawn  aisle  and  fretted  vault,"  which  these  memories 
recalled  ?  Doubtless  all  these  things  were  present  to 
their  minds,  but  they  were  ready  to  forego  them  all 
for  the  sake  of  that  truth  whereof,  as  Milton  says  of 
himself,  they  were  members  incorporate.  The  pitiful 
contrast  which  they  must  have  felt  between  the  carven 
sanctuaries  of  learning  they  had  left  behind  and  the 
wattled  fold  they  were  rearing  here  on  the  edge  of  the 
wilderness,  is  to  me  more  than  tenderly  —  it  is  almost 
sublimely  —  pathetic.  When  I  think  of  their  unplia- 
ble  strength  of  purpose,  their  fidelity  to  their  ideal, 
their  faith  in  God  and  in  themselves,  I  am  inclined  to 
say  with  Donne  that 

"  We  are  scarce  our  fathers'  shadows  cast  at  noon." 

Our  past  is  well-nigh  desolate  of  aesthetic  stimulus. 
We  have  none,  or  next  to  none,  of  these  aids  to  the  im- 
agination, of  these  coigns  of  vantage  for  the  tendrils  of 
memory  or  affection.  Not  one  of  our  older  buildings 


198  THE    ALUMNI    DAY. 

is  venerable,  or  will  ever  become  so.  Time  refuses  to 
console  them.  They  all  look  as  if  they  meant  business, 
and  nothing  more.  And  it  is  precisely  because  this 
college  meant  business,  business  of  the  gravest  import, 
and  did  that  business  as  thoroughly  as  it  might  with 
no  means  that  were  not  niggardly  except  an  abundant 
purpose  to  do  its  best,  —  it  is  precisely  for  this  that  we 
have  gathered  here  to-day.  We  come  back  hither  from 
the  experiences  of  a  richer  life,  as  the  son  who  has 
prospered  returns  to  the  household  of  his  youth,  to 
find  in  its  very  homeliness  a  pulse,  if  not  of  deeper, 
certainly  of  fonder,  emotion  than  any  splendor  could 
stir.  "Dear  old  mother,"  we  say,  "how  charming  you 
are  in  your  plain  cap  and  the  drab  silk  that  has  been 
turned  again  since  we  saw  you !  You  were  constantly 
forced  to  remind  us  that  you  could  not  afford  to  give 
us  this  and  that  which  some  other  boys  had ;  but  your 
discipline  and  diet  were  wholesome,  and  you  sent  us 
forth  into  the  world  with  the  sound  constitutions  and 
healthy  appetites  that  are  bred  of  simple  fare." 

It  is  good  for  us  to  commemorate  this  homespun 
past  of  ours;  good,  in  these  days  of  a  reckless  and 
swaggering  prosperity,  to  remind  ourselves  how  poor 
our  fathers  were,  and  that  we  celebrate  them  because 
for  themselves  and  their  children  they  chose  wisdom 
and  understanding  and  the  things  that  are  of  God 
rather  than  any  other  riches.  This  is  our  Founders' 
Day,  and  we  are  come  together  to  do  honor  to  them 
all :  first,  to  the  Commonwealth  which  laid  our  corner- 
stone ;  next,  to  the  gentle  and  godly  youth  from  whom 
we  took  our  name,  —  himself  scarce  more  than  a 


JAMES  RUSSELL  LOWELL'S  ORATION.  199 

name;  and  with  them  to  the  countless  throng  of 
benefactors,  rich  and  poor,  who  have  built  us  up  to 
what  we  are.  We  cannot  do  it  better  than  in  the 
familiar  words  :  "  Let  us  now  praise  famous  men  and 
our  fathers  that  begat  us.  The  Lord  hath  wrought 
great  glory  by  them  through  his  great  power  from  the 
beginning.  Leaders  of  the  people  by  their  counsels, 
and  by  their  knowledge  of  learning  meet  for  the  peo- 
ple ;  wise  and  eloquent  in  their  instructions.  There 
be  of  them  that  have  left  a  name  behind  them  that 
their  praises  might  be  reported.  And  some  there  be 
which  have  no  memorial,  who  are  perished  as  though 
they  had  never  been.  But  these  were  merciful  men 
whose  righteousness  hath  not  been  forgotten.  With 
their  seed  shall  continually  remain  a  good  inheritance. 
Their  seed  standeth  fast,  and  their  children  for  their 
sakes." 

This  two  hundred  and  fiftieth  anniversary  of  our 
college  is  not  remarkable  as  commemorating  any 
memorable  length  of  days.  There  is  hardly  a  country 
in  Europe  but  can  show  us  universities  that  were 
older  than  ours  now  is  when  ours  was  but  a  grammar- 
school,  with  Eaton  as  master.  Bologna,  Paris,  Ox- 
ford were  already  famous  schools  when  Dante  visited 
them  (as  I  love  to  think  he  did)  six  hundred  years  ago. 
We  are  ancient,  it  is  true,  on  our  own  continent, — an- 
cient even  as  compared  with  several  German  univer- 
sities more  renowned  than  we.  But  it  is  not  primarily 
the  longevity  of  our  Alma  Mater  upon  which  we  are 
gathered  here  to  congratulate  her  and  each  other. 
Kant  says  somewhere,  that,  as  the  records  of  human 


200  THE    ALUMNI    DAY. 

transactions  accumulate,  the  memory  of  man  will  have 
room  only  for  those  of  supreme  cosmopolitical  impor- 
tance. Can  we  claim  for  the  birthday  we  are  keeping 
a  significance  of  so  wide  a  bearing  and  so  long  a  reach  I 
If  we  may  not  do  that,  we  may  at  least  affirm  confi- 
dently that  the  event  it  records  and  emphasizes  is  sec- 
ond in  real  import  to  none  that  has  happened  in  this 
western  hemisphere.  The  material  growth  of  the  colo- 
nies would  have  brought  about  their  political  separa- 
tion from  the  Mother  Country  in  the  fulness  of  time, 
without  that  stain  of  blood  which  unhappily  keeps  its 
own  memory  green  so  long.  But  the  founding  of  the 
first  English  college  here  was  what  saved  New  Eng- 
land from  becoming  a  mere  geographical  expression. 
It  did  more ;  for  it  insured,  and  I  believe  was  meant  to 
insure,  our  intellectual  independence  of  the  Old  World. 
That  independence  has  been  long  in  coming,  but  it 
will  come  at  last ;  and  are  not  the  names  of  the  chief- 
est  of  those  who  have  hastened  its  coming  written  on 
the  roll  of  Harvard  College  ? 

I  think  this  foundation  of  ours  a  quite  unexampled 
thing.  Surely  never  were  the  bases  of  such  a  struc- 
ture as  this  has  become,  and  was  meant  to  be,  laid  by 
a  community  of  men  so  poor,  in  circumstances  so  un- 
precedented, and  under  what  seemed  such  sullen  and 
averted  stars.  The  colony,  still  insignificant,  was  in 
danger  of  an  Indian  war;  was  in  the  throes  of  that 
Antinomian  controversy  which  threatened  its  very 
existence,  —  yet  the  leaders  of  opinion  on  both  sides 
were  united  in  the  resolve  that  sound  learning  and 
an  educated  clergy  should  never  cease  from  among 


JAMES  RUSSELL  LOWELL'S  ORATION.  201 

them  or  their  descendants  in  the  commonwealth  they 
were  building  up.  In  the  midst  of  such  fears  and 
such  tumults  Harvard  College  was  born,  and  not 
Marina  herself  had  a  more  blusterous  birth  or  a  more 
chiding  nativity.  The  prevision  of  those  men  must 
have  been  as  clear  as  their  faith  was  steadfast.  Well 
they  knew  and  had  laid  to  heart  the  wise  man's  pre- 
cept, "  Take  fast  hold  of  instruction ;  let  her  not  go; 
for  she  is  thy  life." 

There  can  be  little  question  that  the  action  of  the 
General  Court  received  its  impulse  and  direction  from 
the  clergy,  men  of  eminent  qualities  and  of  well- 
deserved  authority.  Among  the  Massachusetts  Bay 
colonists  the  proportion  of  ministers,  trained  at  Ox- 
ford and  Cambridge,  was  surprisingly  large ;  and  if 
we  may  trust  the  evidence  of  contemporary  secular 
literature,  such  men  as  Higginson,  Cotton,  Wilson, 
Norton,  Shepard,  Bulkley,  Davenport,  to  mention  no 
more,  were  in  learning,  intelligence,  and  general  ac- 
complishment far  above  the  average  parson  of  the 
country  and  the  church  from  which  their  consciences 
had  driven  them  out.  The  presence  and  influence  of 
such  men  were  of  inestimable  consequence  to  the  for- 
tunes of  the  colony.  If  they  were  narrow,  it  was  as 
the  sword  of  righteousness  is  narrow.  If  they  had 
but  one  idea,  it  was  as  the  leader  of  a  forlorn  hope 
has  but  one,  and  can  have  no  other,  —  namely,  to 
do  the  duty  that  is  laid  on  him,  and  ask  no  questions. 
Our  Puritan  ancestors  have  been  misrepresented  and 
maligned  by  persons  without  imagination  enough  to 
make  themselves  contemporary  with,  and  therefore 


202  THE   ALUMNI   DAY. 

able  to  understand,  the  men  whose  memories  they 
strive  to  blacken.  That  happy  breed  of  men  who 
both  in  Church  and  State  led  our  first  emigration, 
were  children  of  the  most  splendid  intellectual  epoch 
that  England  has  ever  known.  They  were  the  coe- 
vals of  a  generation  which  passed  on  in  scarcely 
diminished  radiance  the  torch  of  life  kindled  in  great 
Eliza's  golden  days.  Out  of  the  new  learning,  the 
new  ferment  alike  religious  and  national,  and  the 
new  discoveries  with  their  suggestion  of  boundless 
possibility,  the  alembic  of  that  age  had  distilled  a 
potent  elixir  either  inspiring  or  intoxicating,  as  the 
mind  that  imbibed  it  was  strong  or  weak.  Are  we 
to  suppose  that  the  lips  of  the  founders  of  New  Eng- 
land alone  were  unwetted  by  a  drop  of  that  stimulat- 
ing draught  ?  —  that  Milton  was  the  only  Puritan  who 
had  read  Marlow  and  Shakespeare,  and  Ben  Jonson 
and  Beaumont  and  Fletcher?  I  do  not  believe  it, 
whoever  may.  It  was  from  the  natural  sympathy  of 
a  gentleman  and  scholar  with  gentlemen  and  scholars, 
that  holy  George  Herbert  wrote,  — 

"  Keligion  stands  a-tiptoe  in  this  land, 
Ready  to  part  for  the  American  strand." 

Did  they  flee  from  persecution  to  become  them- 
selves persecutors  in  turn?  This  means  only  that 
they  would  not  permit  their  holy  enterprise  to  be 
hindered  or  their  property  to  be  damaged  even  by 
men  with  the  most  pious  intentions,  and  as  sincere, 
if  not  always  so  wise,  as  they.  They  would  not  stand 
any  nonsense,  as  the  phrase  is,  —  a  mood  of  mind  from 
which  their  descendants  seem  somewhat  to  have  de- 


JAMES  RUSSELL  LOWELL'S  ORATION.  203 

generated.  They  were  no  more  unreasonable  than 
the  landlady  of  Taylor  the  Platonist,  in  refusing  to 
let  him  sacrifice  a  bull  to  Jupiter  in  her  back-parlor. 
The  New  England  Puritans  of  the  second  generation 
became  narrow  enough,  and  puppets  of  that  formalism 
against  which  their  fathers  had  revolted.  But  this 
was  the  inevitable  result  of  that  isolation  which  cut 
them  off  from  the  great  currents  of  cosmopolitan 
thought  and  action.  Communities  as  well  as  men 
'have  a  right  to  be  judged  by  their  best.  We  are 
justified  in  taking  the  elder  Winthrop  as  a  type  of 
the  leading  emigrants ;  and  the  more  we  know  him 
the  more  we  learn  to  reverence  his  great  qualities, 
whether  of  mind  or  character.  The  posterity  of  those 
earnest  and  single-minded  men  may  have  thrown  the 
creed  of  their  fathers  into  the  waste-basket,  but  their 
fidelity  to  it  and  to  the  duties  they  believed  it  to  in- 
volve is  the  most  precious  and  potent  drop  in  their 
transmitted  blood.  It  is  especially  noteworthy  that 
they  did  not  make  a  strait-waistcoat  of  this  creed  for 
their  new  college.  The  more  I  meditate  upon  them, 
the  more  I  am  inclined  to  pardon  the  enthusiasm  of 
our  old  preacher,  when  he  said  that  God  had  sifted 
three  kingdoms  to  plant  New  England. 

The  Massachusetts  Bay  Colony  itself  also  was  then 
and  since  without  a  parallel.  It  was  established  by  a 
commercial  company,  whose  members  combined  in 
themselves  the  two  by  no  means  incongruous  ele- 
ments of  religious  enthusiasm  and  business  sagacity, 
—  the  earthy  ingredient,  as  in  dynamite,  holding  in 
check  its  explosive  partner,  which  yet  could  and  did 


204  THE    ALUMNI   DAY. 

explode  on  sufficient  concussion.  They  meant  that 
their  venture  should  be  gainful,  but  at  the  same  time 
believed  that  nothing  could  be  long  profitable  for  the 
body  wherein  the  soul  found  not  also  her  advantage. 
They  feared  God,  and  kept  their  powder  dry  because 
they  feared  Him  and  meant  that  others  should.  I 
think  their  most  remarkable  characteristic  was  their 
public  spirit ;  and  in  nothing  did  they  show  both  that 
and  the  wise  forecast  that  gives  it  its  best  value  more 
clearly,  than  when  they  resolved  to  keep  the  higher 
education  of  youth  in  their  own  hands  and  under 
their  own  eye.  This  they  provided  for  in  the  college. 
Eleven  years  later  they  established  their  system  of 
public  schools,  where  reading  and  writing  should  be 
taught.  This  they  did  partly,  no  doubt,  to  provide 
feeders  for  the  more  advanced  schools,  and  so  for  the 
college ;  but  even  more,  it  may  safely  be  inferred,  be- 
cause they  had  found  that  the  polity  to  which  their 
ends  —  rough-hew  them  as  they  might  —  must  be 
shaped  by  the  conditions  under  which  they  were 
forced  to  act,  could  be  safe  only  in  the  hands  of  in- 
telligent men,  or,  at  worst,  of  men  to  whom  they  had 
given  a  chance  to  become  such. 

In  founding  the  college  they  had  three  objects : 
first,  the  teaching  of  the  Humanities  and  of  Hebrew, 
as  the  hieratic  language ;  second,  the  training  of  a 
learned  as  well  as  godly  clergy ;  and  third,  the  educa- 
tion of  the  Indians,  that  they  might  serve  as  mission- 
aries of  a  higher  civilization  and  of  a  purer  religion, 
as  the  necessary  preliminary  thereto.  The  third  of 
these  objects,  after  much  effort  and  much  tribulation, 


JAMES  RUSSELL  LOWELL'S  ORATION.  205 

they  were  forced  to  abandon.  John  Winthrop,  Jr.,  in 
a  letter  written  to  the  Honorable  Robert  Boyle  in 
1663,  gives  us  an  interesting  glimpse  of  a  pair  of  these 
dusky  catechumens.  "  I  make  bold,"  he  says,  "  to 
send  heere  inclosed  a  kind  of  rarity.  ...  It  is  two 
papers  of  Latin  composed  by  two  Indians  now  scol- 
lars  in  the  colledge  in  this  country,  and  the  writing 
is  with  their  own  hands.  .  .  .  Possibly  as  a  novelty 
of  that  kind  it  may  be  acceptable,  being  a  reall  fruit 
of  that  hopefull  worke  y*  is  begu  amongst  them,  .  .  . 
testifying  thus  much  that  I  received  them  of  those 
Indians  out  of  their  own  hands,  and  had  ready  an- 
swers fro  them  in  Latin  to  many  questions  that  I 
propounded  to  them  in  y*  language,  and  heard  them 
both  express  severall  sentences  in  Greke  also.  I 
doubt  not  but  those  honorable  Fautores  Scientiarum 
[the  Royal  Society]  will  gladly  receive  the  intelli- 
gence of  such  vestigia  doctrines  in  this  wilderness 
amongst  such  a  barbarous  people."  Alas,  these  ves- 
tigia became  only  too  soon  retrorsum  !  The  Indians 
showed  a  far  greater  natural  predisposition  for  dis- 
furnishing  the  outside  of  other  people's  heads  than 
for  furnishing  the  insides  of  their  own.  Their  own 
wild  life  must  have  been  dear  to  them ;  the  forest 
beckoned  just  outside  the  college  door,  and  the  first 
blue-bird  of  spring  whistled  them  back  to  the  woods. 
They  would  have  said  to  the  President,  with  the 
gypsy  steward  in  the  old  play,  when  he  heard  the 
new-come  nightingale,  —  "  Oh,  sir,  you  hear ;  I  am 
called."  At  any  rate,  our  college  succeeded  in  keep- 
ing but  one  of  these  wild  creatures  long  enough  to 


206  THE  ALUMNI    DAY. 

make  a  graduate  of  him,  and  he  thereupon  vanishes 
into  the  merciful  shadow  of  the  past.  His  name  — 
but  as  there  was  only  one  Indian  graduate,  so  there  is 
only  one  living  man  who  can  pronounce  his  uncon- 
verted name ;  and  I  leave  the  task  to  Dr.  Hammond 
Trumbull. 

I  shall  not  attempt,  even  in  brief,  a  history  of  the 
college.  It  has  already  been  excellently  done.  A 
compendium  of  it  would  be  mainly  a  list  of  unfamiliar 
names,  and  Coleridge  has  said  truly  that  such  names 
"  are  non-conductors ;  they  stop  all  interest." 

The  fame  and  usefulness  of  all  institutions  of  learn- 
ing depend  on  the  greatness  of  those  who  teach  in 
them,  — 

Queis  arte  Lenigna, 

Et  meliore  luto  tiuxit  praecordia  Titan, — 

and  great  teachers  are  almost  rarer  than  great  poets. 
We  can  lay  claim  to  none  such  (I  must  not  speak  of 
the  living),  unless  it  be  Agassiz,  whom  we  adopted, 
but  we  have  had  many  devoted,  and  some  eminent. 
It  has  not  been  their  fault  if  they  have  not  pushed 
farther  forward  the  boundaries  of  knowledge.  Our 
professors  have  been  compelled  by  the  necessities  of 
the  case  (as  we  are  apt  to  call  things  which  we  ought 
to  reform,  but  do  not)  to  do  too  much  work  not 
properly  theirs,  and  that  of  a  kind  so  exacting  as  to 
consume  the  energy  that  might  have  been  ample  for 
higher  service.  They  have  been  obliged  to  double 
the  parts  of  professor  and  tutor.  During  the  seven- 
teenth century  we  have  reason  to  think  that  the 
college  kept  pretty  well  up  to  the  standard  of  its 


JAMES  RUSSELL  LOWELL'S  ORATION.  207 

contemporary  colleges  in  England,  so  far  as  its  pov- 
erty would  allow.  It  seems  to  have  enjoyed  a  certain 
fame  abroad  among  men  who  sympathized  with  the 
theology  it  taught,  —  for  I  possess  a  Hebrew  Acci- 
dence, dedicated  some  two  hundred  years  ago  to  the 
"  illustrious  academy  at  Boston  in  New  England,"  by 
a  Dutch  scholar  whom  I  cannot  help  thinking  a  very 
discerning  person.  That  the  students  of  that  day  had 
access  to  a  fairly  good  library  may  be  inferred  from 
Cotton  Mather's  "  Magnalia,"  though  he  knew  not 
how  to  make  the  best  use  of  it,  and  was  a  very  night- 
mare of  pedantry.  That  the  college  had  made  New 
England  a  good  market  for  books  is  proved  by  John 
Dunton's  journey  hither  in  the  interests  of  his  trade. 
During  the  eighteenth  and  first  quarter  of  the  nine- 
teenth centuries,  I  fancy  the  condition  of  things  here 
to  have  been  very  much  what  it  was  in  the  smaller 
English  colleges  of  the  period,  if  we  may  trust  the 
verses  which  Gray  addressed  to  the  goddess  Igno- 
rance. Young  men  who  were  willing  mainly  to  teach 
themselves  might  get  something  to  their  advantage, 
while  the  rest  were  put  here  by  their  parents  as  into 
a  comfortable  quarantine,  where  they  could  wait  till 
the  gates  of  life  were  opened  to  them,  safe  from  any 
contagion  of  learning,  except  such  as  might  be  devel- 
oped from  previous  infection.  I  am  speaking  of  a 
great  while  ago.  Men  are  apt,  I  know,  in  after  life  to 
lay  the  blame  of  their  scholastic  shortcomings  at  the 
door  of  their  teachers.  They  are  often  wrong  in  this, 
and  I  am  quite  aware  that  there  are  some  pupils  who 
are  knowledge-proof;  but  I  gather  from  tradition, 


208  THE    ALUMNI  DAY. 

which  I  believe  to  be  trustworthy,  that  there  have 
been  periods  in  the  history  of  the  college  when  the 
students  might  have  sung  with  Bishop  Golias,  — 

Hi  nos  decent,  sed  indocti; 
Hi  nos  decent,  et  nox  nocti 
Indicat  scientiam. 

Despite  all  this,  it  is  remarkable  that  the  first  two 
American  imaginative  artists,  —  Allston  in  painting,  and 
Greenough  in  sculpture,  —  were  graduates  of  Harvard. 
A  later  generation  is  justly  proud  of  Story. 

We  have  a  means  of  testing  the  general  culture 
given  here  towards  the  middle  of  the  last  century  in 
the  Gratulatio  presented  by  Harvard  College  on  the 
accession  of  George  III.  It  is  not  duller  than  such 
things  usually  are  on  the  other  side  of  the  water,  and 
it  shows  a  pretty  knack  at  tagging  verses.  It  is  note- 
worthy that  the  Greek  in  it,  if  I  remember  rightly,  is 
wholly  or  chiefly  Governor  Bernard's.  A  few  years 
earlier,  some  of  the  tracts  in  the  Whitfield  controversy 
prove  that  the  writers  had  got  here  a  thorough  train- 
ing in  English  at  least.  They  had  certainly  not  read 
their  Swift  in  vain. 

But  the  chief  service,  as  it  was  the  chief  office,  of 
the  college  during  all  those  years  was  to  maintain 
and  hand  down  the  traditions  of  how  excellent  a  thing 
learning  was,  even  if  the  teaching  were  not  always 
adequate  by  way  of  illustration.  And  yet  so  far  as 
that  teaching  went,  it  was  wise  in  this,  —  that  it  gave 
its  pupils  some  tincture  of  letters  as  distinguished 
from  mere  scholarship.  It  aimed  to  teach  them  the 
authors,  —  that  is,  the  few  great  ones  (the  late  Pro- 


JAMES  RUSSELL  LOWELL'S  ORATION.  209 

fessor  Popkin,  whom  the  older  of  us  remember,  would 
have  allowed  that  title  only  to  the  Greeks), — and  to 
teach  them  in  such  a  way  as  to  enable  the  pupil  to 
assimilate  somewhat  of  their  thought,  sentiment,  and 
style,  rather  than  to  master  the  minuter  niceties  of 
the  language  in  which  they  wrote.  It  struck  for  their 
matter,  as  Montaigne  advised,  who  would  have  men 
taught  to  love  virtue  instead  of  learning  to  decline 
virtus.  It  set  more  store  by  the  marrow  than  by  the 
bone  that  encased  it.  It  made  language,  as  it  should 
be,  a  ladder  to  literature,  and  not  literature  a  ladder 
to  language.  Many  a  boy  has  hated,  and  rightly 
hated,  Homer  and  Horace  the  pedagogues  and  gram- 
marians, who  would  have  loved  Homer  and  Horace 
the  poets  had  he  been  allowed  to  make  their  acquain- 
tance. The  old  method  of  instruction  had  the  prime 
merit  of  enabling  its  pupils  to  conceive  that  there  is 
neither  ancient  nor  modern  on  the  narrow  shelves  of 
what  is  truly  literature.  We  owe  a  great  debt  to  the 
Germans, — no  one  is  more  indebted  to  them  than  I; 
but  is  there  not  danger  of  their  misleading  us  in  some 
directions  into  pedantry  ?  In  his  preface  to  an  Old 
French  poem  of  the  thirteenth  century,  lately  pub- 
lished, the  editor  informs  us  sorrowfully  that  he  had 
the  advantage  of  listening  only  two  years  and  a  half 
to  the  lectures  of  Professor  Gaston  Paris,  in  which 
time  he  got  no  further  than  through  the  first  three 
vowels.  At  this  rate,  to  master  the  whole  alphabet, 
consonants  and  all,  would  be  a  task  fitter  for  the  cen- 
turial  adolescence  of  Methuselah  than  for  our  less 
liberal  ration  of  years.  I  was  glad  my  editor  had 

14 


210  THE    ALUMNI    DAY. 

had  tins  advantage,  and  I  am  quite  willing  that  Old 
French  should  get  the  benefit  of  such  scrupulosity; 
but  I  think  I  see  a  tendency  to  train  young  men  in 
the  languages  as  if  they  were  all  to  be  editors,  and 
not  lovers  of  polite  literature.  Education,  we  are 
often  told,  is  a  drawing  out  of  the  faculties.  May 
they  not  be  drawn  out  too  thin?  I  am  not  under- 
valuing philology  or  accuracy  of  scholarship ;  both 
are  excellent  and  admirable  in  their  places.  But 
philology  is  less  beautiful  to  me  than  philosophy,  as 
Milton  understood  the  word ;  and  mere  accuracy  is  to 
truth  as  a  plaster-cast  to  the  marble  statue,  —  it  gives 
the  facts,  but  not  their  meaning.  If  I  must  choose, 
I  had  rather  a  young  man  should  be  intimate  with 
the  genius  of  the  Greek  dramatic  poets  than  with  the 
metres  of  their  choruses,  though  I  should  be  glad  to 
have  him  on  easy  terms  with  both. 

For  more  than  two  hundred  years,  in  its  discipline 
and  courses  of  study,  the  college  followed  mainly  the 
lines  traced  by  its  founders.  The  influence  of  its  first 
half  century  did  more  than  any  other,  perhaps  more 
than  all  others,  to  make  New  England  what  it  is. 
During  the  one  hundred  and  forty  years  preceding 
our  War  of  Independence  it  had  supplied  the  schools 
of  the  greater  part  of  New  England  with  teachers. 
What  was  even  more  important,  it  had  sent  to  every 
parish  in  Massachusetts  one  man,  —  the  clergyman,  — 
with  a  certain  amount  of  scholarship,  a  belief  in  cul- 
ture, and  generally  pretty  sure  to  bring  with  him  or  to 
gather  a  considerable  collection  of  books,  by  no  means 
wholly  theological.  Simple  and  godly  men  were  they, 


JAMES  RUSSELL  LOWELL'S  ORATION.  211 

the  truest  modern  antitypes  of  Chaucer's  Good  Parson, 
receiving  much,  sometimes  all,  of  their  scanty  salary 
in  kind,  and  eking  it  out  by  the  drudgery  of  a  cross- 
grained  farm  where  the  soil  seems  all  backbone.  If 
there  was  no  regular  practitioner,  they  practised  with- 
out fee  a  grandmotherly  sort  of  medicine,  probably 
not  much  more  harmful  (0,  dura  messorum  ilia)  than 
the  heroic  treatment  of  the  day.  They  contrived  to 
save  enough  to  send  their  sons  through  college,  to 
portion  their  daughters,  —  decently  trained  in  English 
literature  of  the  more  serious  kind,  and  perfect  in  the 
duties  of  household  and  dairy,  —  and  to  make  modest 
provision  for  the  widow,  if  they  should  leave  one. 
With  all  this,  they  gave  their  two  sermons  every 
Sunday  of  the  year,  and  of  a  measure  that  would 
seem  ruinously  liberal  to  these  less  stalwart  days, 
when  scarce  ten  parsons  together  could  lift  the  stones 
of  Diomed  which  they  hurled  at  Satan  with  the  easy 
precision  of  lifelong  practice.  And  if  they  turned 
their  barrel  of  discourses  at  the  end  of  the  Horatian 
ninth  year,  which  of  their  parishioners  was  the  wiser 
for  it  1  Their  one  great  holiday  was  Commencement, 
which  they  punctually  attended.  They  shared  the 
many  toils  and  the  rare  festivals,  the  joys  and  the 
sorrows,  of  their  townsmen  as  bone  of  their  bone  and 
flesh  of  their  flesh,  for  all  were  of  one  blood  and  of 
one  faith.  They  dwelt  on  the  same  brotherly  level 
with  them  as  men,  yet  set  apart  from  and  above  them 
by  their  sacred  office.  Preaching  the  most  terrible 
of  doctrines,  as  most  of  them  did,  they  were  humane 
and  cheerful  men,  and  when  they  came  down  from 


212  THE    ALUMNI   DAY. 

the  pulpit  seemed  to  have  been  merely  twisting  their 
"  cast-iron  logic  "  of  despair,  as  Coleridge  said  of 
Donne,  "into  true-love-knots."  Men  of  authority, 
wise  in  counsel,  independent  (for  their  settlement  was 
a  life-tenure),  they  were  living  lessons  of  piety,  indus- 
try, frugality,  temperance,  and,  with  the  magistrates, 
were  a  recognized  aristocracy.  Surely  never  was  an 
aristocracy  so  simple,  so  harmless,  so  exemplary,  and 
so  fit  to  rule.  I  remember  a  few  lingering  survivors 
of  them  in  my  early  boyhood,  relics  of  a  serious  but 
not  sullen  past,  of  a  community  for  which  in  civic 
virtue,  intelligence,  and  general  efficacy  I  seek  a 
parallel  in  vain:  —  • 

"  rusticorum  mascula  militum 
Proles  .  .  .  docta  .  .  . 

Versare  glebas  et  severse 
Matris  ad  arbitrium  rec-isos 

Portare  fustes." 

I  know  too  well  the  deductions  to  be  made.  It  was 
a  community  without  charm,  or  with  a  homely  charm 
at  best,  and  the  life  it  led  was  visited  by  no  Muse 
even  in  dream.  But  it  was  the  stuff  out  of  which 
fortunate  ancestors  are  made,  and  twenty-five  years 
ago  their  sons  showed  in  no  diminished  measure  the 
qualities  of  the  breed.  In  every  household  some 
brave  boy  was  saying  to  his  mother,  as  Iphigenia 
to  hers,  — 


yap  p.  ^o-j,  KOIVOV    TCKCS 

Nor  were  Harvard's  sons  the  last.  This  hall  com- 
memorates them,  but  their  story  is  written  in  head- 
stones all  over  the  land  they  saved. 


JAMES  RUSSELL  LOWELL'S  ORATION.  213 

To  the  teaching  and  example  of  those  reverend 
men  whom  Harvard  bred  and  then  planted  in  every 
hamlet  as  pioneers  and  outposts  of  her  doctrine, 
Massachusetts  owes  the  better  part  of  her  moral  and 
intellectual  inheritance.  They,  too,  were  the  pro- 
genitors of  a  numerous  and  valid  race.  My  friend 
Dr.  Holmes  was,  I  believe,  the  first  to  point  out  how 
large  a  proportion  of  our  men  of  light  and  leading 
sprang  from  their  loins.  The  illustrious  Chief  Mag- 
istrate of  the  Eepublic,  who  honors  us  with  his  pres- 
ence here  to-day,  has  ancestors  italicized  in  our 
printed  registers,  and  has  shown  himself  worthy  of 
his  pedigree. 

During  the  present  century,  I  believe  that  Harvard 
received  and  welcomed  the  new  learning  from  Ger- 
many at  the  hands  of  Everett,  Bancroft,  and  Ticknor, 
before  it  had  been  accepted  by  the  more  conserva- 
tive universities  of  the  Old  Home.  Everett's  trans- 
lation of  Buttmann's  Greek  Grammar  was  reprinted 
in  England,  with  the  "  Massachusetts "  omitted  after 
"Cambridge,"  at  the  end  of  the  preface,  to  conceal 
its  American  origin.  Emerson  has  told  us  how  his 
intellectual  life  was  quickened  by  the  eloquent  en- 
thusiasm of  Everett's  teaching.  Mr.  Bancroft  made 
strenuous  efforts  to  introduce  a  more  wholesome  dis- 
cipline and  maturer  methods  of  study,  with  the  result 
of  a  rebellion  of  the  Freshman  Class,  who  issued  a 
manifesto  of  their  wrongs,  written  by  the  late  Eobert 
Rantoul,  which  ended  thus:  "  Shall  FREEMEN  bear 
this  I  FRESHMEN  are  freemen ! "  They,  too,  remem- 
bered Revolutionary  sires.  Mr.  Bancroft's  translation 


214  THE    ALUMNI    DAY. 

of  Heeren  was  the  first  of  its  kind,  and  it  is  worth 
mention  that  the  earliest  version  from  the  prose  of 
Henry  Heine  into  English  was  made  here,  though 
not  by  a  graduate  of  Harvard.  Ticknor  also  strove 
earnestly  to  enlarge  the  scope  of  the  collegiate  courses 
of  study.  The  force  of  the  new  impulse  did  not  last 
long,  or  produce,  unless  indirectly,  lasting  results. 
It  was  premature;  the  students  were  really  school- 
boys, and  the  college  was  not  yet  capable  of  the 
larger  university  life.  The  conditions  of  American 
life,  too,  were  such  that  young  men  looked  upon 
scholarship  neither  as  an  end  nor  as  a  means,  but 
simply  as  an  accomplishment,  like  music  or  dancing, 
of  which  they  were  to  acquire  a  little  more  or  a  little 
less  (generally  a  little  less),  according  to  individual 
taste  or  circumstances.  It  has  been  mainly  during 
the  last  twenty-five  years  that  the  college,  having 
already  the  name  but  by  no  means  all  the  resources 
of  a  university,  has  been  trying  to  perform  some  at 
least  of  the  functions  which  that  title  implies. 

"  Now  half  appears 
The  tawny  lion,  pawing  to  get  free." 

Let  us,  then,  no  longer  look  backward,  but  for- 
ward, as  our  fathers  did  when  they  laid  our  humble 
foundations  in  the  wilderness.  The  motto  first  pro- 
posed for  the  college  arms  was,  as  you  know,  Veritas, 
written  across  three  open  books.  It  was  a  noble  one, 
and,  if  the  full  bearing  of  it  was  understood,  as  daring 
as  it  was  noble.  Perhaps  it  was  discarded  because  an 
open  book  seemed  hardly  the  fittest  symbol  for  what 
is  so  hard  to  find,  and,  if  ever  we  fancy  we  have  found 


JAMES  RUSSELL  LOWELL'S  ORATION.  215 

it,  so  hard  to  decipher  and  to  translate  into  our  own 
language  and  life.  Pilate's  question  still  murmurs  in 
the  ear  of  every  thoughtful,  and  Montaigne's  in  that 
of  every  honest,  man.  The  motto  finally  substituted 
for  that  —  Cliristo  et  Ecclesice  —  is,  when  rightly  in- 
terpreted, substantially  the  same ;  for  it  means  that 
we  are  to  devote  ourselves  to  the  highest  concep- 
tion we  have  of  truth  and  to  the  preaching  of  it. 
Fortunately,  the  Sphinx  proposes  her  conundrums 
to  us  one  at  a  time,  and  at  intervals  proportioned 
to  our  wits. 

Joseph  de  Maistre  says  that  "  un  homme  d'esprit 
est  tenu  de  savoir  deux  choses :  1°,  ce  qu'il  est ;  2°,  ou 
il  est."  The  questions  for  us  are,  In  what  sense  are 
we  become  a  university  1  And  then,  if  we  become  so, 
What  and  to  what  end  should  a  university  aim  to 
teach,  now  and  here  in  this  America  of  ours,  whose 
meaning  no  man  can  yet  comprehend?  And  when 
we  have  settled  what  it  is  best  to  teach,  comes  the 
further  question,  How  are  we  to  teach  it?  Whether 
with  an  eye  to  its  effect  on  developing  character  or 
personal  availability,  —  that  is  to  say,  to  its  effect  in 
the  conduct  of  life,  —  or  on  the  chances  of  getting 
a  livelihood?  Perhaps  we  shall  find  that  we  must 
have  a  care  for  both,  and  I  cannot  see  why  the  two 
need  be  incompatible ;  but  if  they  are,  I  should  choose 
the  former  term  of  the  alternative. 

In  a  not  remote  past,  society  had  still  certain  recog- 
nized, authoritative  guides,  and  the  college  trained 
them  as  the  fashion  of  the  day  required.  But 

"  Damnosa  quid  non  imtmnuit  dies  ?" 


216  THE    ALUMNI    DAY. 

That  ancient  close  corporation  of  official  guides  has 
been  compelled  to  surrender  its  charter.  We  are  pes- 
tered with  as  many  volunteers  as  at  Niagara,  and  as 
there,  if  we  follow  any  of  them,  may  count  on  paying 
for  it  pretty  dearly.  The  office  of  the  higher  instruc- 
tion, nevertheless,  continues  to  be  as  it  always  was, 
the  training  of  such  guides ;  only  it  must  now  try  to 
fit  them  out  with  as  much  more  personal  accomplish- 
ment and  authority  as  may  compensate  the  loss  of 
hierarchical  prestige. 

When  President  Walker,  it  must  be  now  nearly 
thirty  years  ago,  asked  me  in  common  with  my  col- 
leagues what  my  notion  of  a  university  was,  I  an- 
swered :  "  A  university  is  a  place  where  nothing  useful 
is  taught ;  but  a  university  is  possible  only  where  a 
man  may  get  his  livelihood  by  digging  Sanscrit  roots." 
What  I  meant  was  that  the  highest  office  of  the  some- 
what complex  thing  so  named  was  to  distribute  the 
true  "  bread  of  life,"  — the  pane  'degli'  angeli,  as  Dante 
called  it,  —  and  to  breed  an  appetite  for  it ;  but  that  it 
should  also  have  the  means  and  appliances  for  teach- 
ing everything,  as  the  mediaeval  universities  aimed  to 
do  in  their  trivium  and  quadrivium.  I  had  in  mind 
the  ideal  and  the  practical  sides  of  the  institution,  and 
was  thinking  also  whether  such  an  institution  was 
practicable,  and  if  so,  whether  it  was  desirable,  in  a 
country  like  this.  I  think  it  eminently  desirable ;  and 
if  it  be,  what  should  be  its  chief  function  ?  I  choose 
rather  to  hesitate  my  opinion  than  to  assert  it  roundly. 
But  some  opinion  I  am  bound  to  have,  either  my  own 
or  another  man's,  if  I  would  be  in  the  fashion,  though 


JAMES  RUSSELL  LOWELL'S  ORATION.  217 

I  may  not  be  wholly  satisfied  with  the  one  or  the 
other.  Opinions  are  "as  handy,"  to  borrow  our  Yan- 
kee proverb,  "  as  a  pocket  in  a  shirt,"  and,  I  may  add, 
as  hard  to  come  at.  I  hope,  then,  that  the  day  will 
come  when  a  competent  professor  may  lecture  here 
also  for  three  years  on  the  first  three  vowels  of  the 
Romance  alphabet,  and  find  fit  audience,  though  few. 
I  hope  the  day  may  never  come  when  the  weightier 
matters  of  a  language,  —  namely,  such  parts  of  its  lit- 
erature as  have  overcome  death  by  reason  of  their 
wisdom  and  of  the  beauty  in  which  it  is  incarnated ; 
such  parts  as  are  universal  by  reason  of  their  civiliz- 
ing properties,  their  power  to  elevate  and  fortify  the 
mind,  —  I  hope  the  day  may  never  come  when  these 
are  not  predominant  in  the  teaching  given  here.  Let 
the  Humanities  be  maintained  undiminished  in  their 
ancient  right.  Leave  in  their  traditional  pre-eminence 
those  arts  that  were  rightly  called  liberal ;  those  studies 
that  kindle  the  imagination,  and  through  it  irradiate 
the  reason ;  those  studies  that  manumitted  the  modern 
mind ;  those  in  which  the  brains  of  finest  temper  have 
found  alike  their  stimulus  and  their  repose,  taught  by 
them  that  the  power  of  intellect  is  heightened  in  pro- 
portion as  it  is  made  gracious  by  measure  and  sym- 
metry. Give  us  science,  too ;  but  give  first  of  all,  and 
last  of  all,  the  science  that  ennobles  life  and  makes  it 
generous.  I  stand  here  as  a  man  of  letters,  and  as  a 
man  of  letters  I  must  speak.  But  I  am  speaking  with 
no  exclusive  intention.  No  one  believes  more  firmly 
than  I  in  the  usefulness,  I  might  well  say  the  neces- 
sity, of  variety  in  study,  and  of  opening  the  freest 


218  THE    ALUMNI    DAY. 

scope  possible  to  the  prevailing  bent  of  every  niind 
when  that  bent  shows  itself  to  be  so  predominating  as 
to  warrant  it.  Many-sidedness  of  culture  makes  our 
vision  clearer  and  keener  in  particulars.  For,  after  all, 
the  noblest  definition  of  science  is  that  breadth  and  im- 
partiality of  view  which  liberates  the  mind  from  speci- 
alties, and  enables  it  to  organize  whatever  we  learn, 
so  that  it  become  real  knowledge  by  being  brought 
into  true  and  helpful  relation  with  the  rest. 

By  far  the  most  important  change  that  has  been  in- 
troduced into  the  theory  and  practice  of  our  teaching 
here  by  the  new  position  in  which  we  find  ourselves, 
has  been  that  of  the  elective  or  voluntary  system  of 
studies.  We  have  justified  ourselves  by  the  familiar 
proverb  that  "  one  man  may  lead  a  horse  to  water,  but 
ten  can't  make  him  drink."  Proverbs  are  excellent 
things,  but  we  should  not  let  even  proverbs  bully  us. 
They  are  the  wisdom  of  the  understanding,  not  of  the 
higher  reason.  There  is  another  animal,  which  even 
Simoiiides  could  compliment  only  on  the  spindle-side 
of  his  pedigree,  and  which  ten  men  could  not  lead  to 
water,  much  less  make  him  drink  when  they  got  him 
thither.  Are  we  not  trying  to  force  university  forms 
into  college  methods  too  narrow  for  them?  There  is 
some  danger  that  the  elective  system  may  be  pushed 
too  far  and  too  fast.  There  are  not  a  few  who  think 
that  it  has  gone  too  far  already.  And  they  think  so 
because  we  are  in  process  of  transformation,  still  in 
the  hobbledehoy  period,  —  not  having  ceased  to  be  a 
college,  nor  yet  having  reached  the  full  manhood  of 
a  university,  so  that  we  speak  with  that  ambiguous 


JAMES  RUSSELL  LOWELL'S  ORATION.  219 

voice,  half  bass,  half  treble,  or  mixed  of  both,  which 
is  proper  to  a  certain  stage  of  adolescence.     We  are 
trying  to  do  two  things  with  one  tool,  and  that  tool 
not  specially  adapted  to  either.     Are  our  students  old 
enough  thoroughly  to  understand  the  import  of  the 
choice  they  are  called  on  to  make ;  and  if  old  enough, 
are  they  wise  enough  ?     Shall  their  parents  make  the 
choice  for  them  I     I  am  not  sure  that  even  parents  are 
as  wise  as  the  unbroken  experience  and  practice  of 
mankind.      We  are  comforted  by  being  told  that  in 
this  we  are  only  complying  with  what  is  called  the 
Spirit  of  the  Age,  —  which  may  be,  after  all,  only  a 
finer  name  for  the  mischievous  goblin  known  to  our 
forefathers  as  Puck.    I  have  seen  several  Spirits  of  the 
Age  in  my  time,  of  very  different  voices  and  summon- 
ing in  very  different  directions,  but  unanimous  in  their 
propensity  to  land  us  in  the  mire  at  last.     Would  it 
not  be  safer  to  make  sure  first  whether  the  Spirit  of 
the  Age  —  who  would  be  a  very  insignificant  fellow 
if  we  docked  him  of  his  capitals  —  be  not  a  lying 
spirit,  since  such  there  are  ?     It  is  at  least  curious 
that  while  the  more  advanced  teaching  has  a  strong 
drift  in  the  voluntary  direction,  the  compulsory  sys- 
tem,  as  respects  primary  studies,  is  gaining  ground. 
Is  it  indeed  so  self-evident  a  proposition  as  it  seems 
to  many,  that  "  You  may "  is  as  wholesome  a  les- 
son  for   youth   as  "  You  must "  ?      Is   it  so   good  a 
fore-schooling  for  Life,   which  will  be  a  teacher  of 
quite    other   mood,    making   us   learn,   rod   in   hand, 
precisely  those  lessons  we  should  not  have  chosen! 
I  have,  to  be  sure,  heard  the  late  President  Quincy 


220  THE    ALUMNI    DAY. 

(clarum  et  venerdbile  nomen  /)  say  that  if  a  young  man 
came  hither  and  did  nothing  more  than  rub  his  shoul- 
ders against  the  college  buildings  for  four  years,  he 
would  imbibe  some  tincture  of  sound  learning  by  an 
involuntary  process  of  absorption.  The  founders  of 
the  college  also  believed  in  some  impulsions  towards 
science  communicated  a  tergo,  but  of  sharper  virtue, 
and  accordingly  armed  their  president  with  that  ductor 
duUtantium  which  was  wielded  to  such  good  purpose 
by  the  Reverend  James  Bowyer  at  Christ's  Hospital 
in  the  days  of  Coleridge  and  Lamb.  They  believed 
with  the  old  poet  that  whipping  was  "  a  wild  benefit 
of  nature,"  and  could  they  have  read  Wordsworth's 
exquisite  stanza, — 

11  One  impulse  from  a  vernal  wood 
Can  teach  us  more  of  man, 
Of  moral  evil  and  of  good, 
Than  all  the  sages  can,"  — 

they  would  have  struck  out  "  vernal"  and  inserted 
"  birchen  "  on  the  margin. 

I  am  not,  of  course,  arguing  in  favor  of  a  return  to 
those  vapulatory  methods;  but  the  birch,  like  many 
other  things  that  have  passed  out  of  the  region  of  the 
practical,  may  have  another  term  of  usefulness  as  a 
symbol  after  it  has  ceased  to  be  a  reality. 

One  is  sometimes  tempted  to  think  that  all  learning 
is  as  repulsive  to  ingenuous  youth  as  the  multiplica- 
tion table  to  Scott's  little  friend  Marjorie  Fleming, 
though  this  be  due  in  great  part  to  mechanical  methods 
of  teaching.  "  I  am  now  going  to  tell  you,"  she 
writes,  "  the  horrible  and  wretched  plaege  that  my 
multiplication  table  gives  me ;  you  can't  conceive  it 


JAMES  KUSSELL  LOWELL'S  ORATION.  221 

The  most  Devilish  thing  is  8  times  8  and  7  times  7 ;  it 
is  what  nature  itself  can't  endure."  I  know  that  I  am 
approaching  treacherous  ashes  which  cover  burning 
coals,  but  I  must  on.  Is  not  Greek,  nay,  even  Latin, 
yet  more  unendurable  than  poor  Marjorie's  task? 
How  many  boys  have  not  sympathized  with  Heine 
in  hating  the  Romans  because  they  invented  Latin 
grammar  ?  And  they  were  quite  right ;  for  we  begin 
the  study  of  languages  at  the  wrong  end,  at  the  end 
which  Nature  does  not  offer  us,  and  are  thoroughly 
tired  of  them  before  we  arrive  at  them,  if  you  will 
pardon  the  bull.  But  is  that  any  reason  for  not 
studying  them  in  the  right  way  ?  I  am  familiar  with 
the  arguments  for  making  the  study  of  Greek  espe- 
cially a  matter  of  choice  or  chance ;  I  admit  their 
plausibility  and  the  honesty  of  those  who  urge  them. 
I  should  be  willing  also  to  admit  that  the  study  of  the 
ancient  languages  without  the  hope  or  the  prospect  of 
going  on  to  what  they  contain  would  be  useful  only 
as  a  form  of  intellectual  gymnastics.  Even  so  they 
would  be  as  serviceable  as  the  higher  mathematics  to 
most  of  us.  But  I  think  that  a  wise  teacher  should 
adapt  his  tasks  to  the  highest,  and  not  the  lowest, 
capacities  of  the  taught.  For  those  lower  also  they 
would  not  be  wholly  without  profit.  When  there  is 
a  tedious  sermon,  says  George  Herbert,  — 

"  God  takes  a  text  and  teacheth  patience,"  — 

not  the  least  pregnant  of  lessons.  One  of  the  argu- 
ments against  the  compulsory  study  of  Greek,  — 
namely,  that  it  is  wiser  to  give  our  time  to  modern 
languages  and  modern  history  than  to  dead  languages 


222  THE    ALUMNI    DAY. 

and  ancient  history,  —  involves,  I  think,  a  verbal  fal- 
lacy. Only  those  languages  can  properly  be  called 
dead  in  which  nothing  living  has  been  written.  If  the 
classic  languages  are  dead,  they  yet  speak  to  us,  and 
with  a  clearer  voice  than  that  of  any  living  tongue. 

"  Graiis  ingcnium,  Graiis  dedit  ore  rotundo 
Musa  loqui,  prseter  laudein  nullius  avails." 

If  their  language  is  dead,  yet  the  literature  it  en- 
shrines is  rammed  with  life  as  perhaps  no  other  writ- 
ing, except  Shakespeare's,  ever  was  or  will  be.  It  is 
as  contemporary  with  to-day  as  with  the  ears  it  first 
enraptured ;  for  it  appeals  not  to  the  man  of  then  or 
now,  but  to  the  entire  round  of  human  nature  itself. 
Men  are  ephemeral  or  evanescent,  but  whatever  page 
the  authentic  soul  of  man  has  touched  with  her  im- 
mortalizing finger,  no  matter  how  long  ago,  is  still 
young  and  fair  as  it  was  to  the  world's  gray  fathers. 
Oblivion  looks  in  the  face  of  the  Grecian  Muse  only 
to  forget  her  errand.  Plato  and  Aristotle  are  not 
names,  but  things.  On  a  chart  that  should  represent 
the  firm  earth  and  wavering  oceans  of  the  human 
mind,  they  would  be  marked  as  mountain  ranges, 
forever  modifying  the  temperature,  the  currents,  and 
the  atmosphere  of  thought,  —  astronomical  stations 
whence  the  movements  of  the  lamps  of  heaven  might 
best  be  observed  and  predicted.  Even  for  the  mas- 
tering of  our  own  tongue,  there  is  no  expedient  so 
fruitful  as  translation  out  of  another ;  how  much  more 
when  that  other  is  a  language  at  once  so  precise  and 
so  flexible  as  the  Greek !  Greek  literature  is  also  the 
most  fruitful  comment  on  our  own.  Coleridge  has 


JAMES  RUSSELL  LOWELL'S  ORATION.  223 

told  us  with  what  profit  he  was  made  to  study  Shake- 
speare and  Milton  in  conjunction  with  the  Greek  dra- 
matists. It  is  no  sentimental  argument  for  this  study 
that  the  most  justly  balanced,  the  most  serene,  and 
the  most  fecundating  minds  since  the  revival  of  learn- 
ing have  been  steeped  in  and  saturated  with  Greek 
literature.  We  know  not  whither  other  studies  will 
lead  us,  especially  if  dissociated  from  this;  we  do 
know  to  what  summits,  far  above  our  lower  region  of 
turmoil,  this  has  led,  and  what  the  many-sided  out- 
look thence.  Will  such  studies  make  anachronisms  of 
us,  unfit  us  for  the  duties  and  the  business  of  to-day  ? 
I  can  recall  no  writer  more  truly  modern  than  Mon- 
taigne, who  was  almost  more  at  home  in  Athens  and 
Rome  than  in  Paris.  Yet  he  was  a  thrifty  manager  of 
his  estate,  and  a  most  competent  mayor  of  Bordeaux. 
I  remember  passing  once  in  London  where  demolition 
for  a  new  thoroughfare  was  going  on.  Many  houses 
left  standing  in  the  rear  of  those  cleared  away  bore 
signs  with  the  inscription,  "  Ancient  Lights."  This  was 
the  protest  of  their  owners  against  being  built  out  by 
the  new  improvements  from  such  glimpse  of  heaven 
as  their  fathers  had,  without  adequate  equivalent.  I 
laid  the  moral  to  heart. 

I  am  speaking  of  the  college  as  it  has  always  ex- 
isted and  still  exists.  In  so  far  as  it  may  be  driven  to 
put  on  the  forms  of  the  university,  —  I  do  not  mean 
the  four  Faculties  merely,  but  in  the  modern  sense, 
—  we  shall  naturally  find  ourselves  compelled  to  as- 
sume the  method  with  the  function.  Some  day  we 
shall  offer  here  a  chance,  at  least,  to  acquire  the  omne 


224  THE    ALUMNI    DAY. 

scibile.  I  shall  be  glad,  as  shall  we  all,  when  the 
young  American  need  no  longer  go  abroad  for  any 
part  of  his  training,  —  though  that  may  not  be  always 
a  disadvantage,  if  Shakespeare  was  right  in  thinking 
that 

"  Home-keeping  youths  have  ever  homely  wits." 

I  should  be  still  gladder  if  Harvard  might  be  the 
place  that  offered  the  alternative.  It  seems  more  than 
ever  probable  that  this  will  happen,  and  happen  in  our 
day.  And  whenever  it  does  happen,  it  will  be  due, 
more  than  to  any  and  all  others,  to  the  able,  energetic, 
single-minded,  and  yet  fair-minded  man  who  has  pre- 
sided over  the  college  during  the  trying  period  of 
transition,  and  who  will  by  a  rare  combination  of  emi- 
nent qualities  carry  that  transition  forward  to  its  ac- 
complishment without  haste  and  without  jar,  —  olme 
Hast,  olme  East.  He  more  than  any  of  his  distin- 
guished predecessors  has  brought  the  University  into 
closer  and  more  telling  relations  with  the  national  life, 
in  whatever  that  life  has  which  is  most  distinctive  and 
most  hopeful. 

But  we  still  mainly  occupy  the  position  of  a  German 
gymnasium.  Under  existing  circumstances,  therefore, 
and  with  the  methods  of  teaching  they  enforce,  I  think 
that  special  and  advanced  courses  should  be  pushed 
on,  so  far  as  possible,  as  the  other  professional  courses 
are,  into  the  post-graduate  period.  The  opportunity 
would  be  greater  because  the  number  would  be  less, 
and  the  teaching  not  only  more  thorough  but  more 
vivifying,  through  the  more  intimate  relation  of  teacher 
and  pupil.  Under  those  conditions  the  voluntary  sys- 


JAMES  RUSSELL  LOWELL'S  ORATION.  225 

tern  will  not  only  be  possible,  but  will  come  of  itself; 
for  every  student  will  know  what  he  wants  and  where 
he  may  get  it,  and  learning  will  be  loved,  as  it  should 
be,  for  its  own  sake  as  well  as  for  what  it  gives.  The 
friends  of  university  training  can  do  nothing  that 
would  forward  it  more  than  the  founding  of  post- 
graduate fellowships  and  the  building  and  endowing 
of  a  hall  where  the  holders  of  them  might  be  com- 
mensals, —  remembering  that  when  Cardinal  Wolsey 
built  Christ  Church  at  Oxford  his  first  care  was  the 
kitchen.  Nothing  is  so  great  a  quickener  of  the  fac- 
ulties, or  so  likely  to  prevent  their  being  narrowed  to 
a  single  groove,  as  the  frequent  social  commingling 
of  men  who  are  aiming  at  one  goal  by  different  paths. 
If  you  would  have  really  great  scholars,  and  our  life 
offers  no  prizes  for  such,  it  would  be  well  if  the 
University  could  offer  them.  I  have  often  been  struck 
with  the  many-sided  versatility  of  the  Fellows  of  Eng- 
lish colleges  who  have  kept  their  wits  in  training  by 
continual  fence  one  with  another. 

During  the  first  two  centuries  of  her  existence,  it 
may  be  affirmed  that  Harvard  did  sufficiently  well 
the  only  work  she  was  called  on  to  do,  perhaps  the 
only  work  it  was  possible  for  her  to  do.  She  gave  to 
Boston  her  scholarly  impress,  to  the  Commonwealth 
her  scholastic  impulse.  To  the  clergy  of  her  train- 
ing was  mainly  intrusted  the  oversight  of  the  public 
schools ;  these  were,  as  T  have  said,  though  indirectly, 
feeders  of  the  college,  for  their  teaching  was  of  the 
plainest.  But  if  a  boy  in  any  country  village  showed 
uncommon  parts,  the  clergyman  was  sure  to  hear  of 

15 


226  THE    ALUMNI   DAY. 

it.  He  and  the  squire  and  the  doctor,  if  there  was 
one,  talked  it  over,  and  that  boy  was  sure  to  be  helped 
onward  to  college ;  for  next  to  the  five  points  of  Cal- 
vinism our  ancestors  believed  in  a  college  education,  — 
that  is,  in  the  best  education  that  was  to  be  had.  The 
system,  if  system  it  should  be  called,  was  a  good  one, 
a  practical  application  of  the  doctrine  of  natural  selec- 
tion. Ah  !  how  the  parents  —  nay,  the  whole  family 
—  moiled  and  pinched  that  their  boy  might  have  the 
chance  denied  to  them  !  Mr.  Matthew  Arnold  has  told 
us  that  in  contemporary  France,  which  seems  doomed 
to  try  every  theory  of  enlightenment  by  which  the 
fingers  may  be  burned  or  the  house  set  on  fire,  the 
children  of  the  public  schools  are  taught  in  answer  to 
the  question,  "Who  gives  you  all  these  fine  things'?" 
to  say,  ' '  The  State."  Ill  fares  the  State  in  which  the 
parental  image  is  replaced  by  an  abstraction.  The 
answer  of  the  boy  of  whom  I  have  been  speaking 
would  have  been  in  a  spirit  better  for  the  State  and 
for  the  hope  of  his  own  future  life:  "I  owe  them, 
under  God,  to  my  own  industry,  to  the  sacrifices  of 
my  father  and  mother,  and  to  the  sympathy  of  good 
men."  Nor  was  the  boy's  self-respect  lessened,  for  the 
aid  was  given  by  loans,  to  be  repaid  when  possible. 
The  times  have  changed,  and  it  is  no  longer  the  am- 
bition of  a  promising  boy  to  go  to  college.  They  are 
taught  to  think  that  a  common-school  education  is  good 
enough  for  all  practical  purposes.  And  so  perhaps  it 
is,  but  not  for  all  ideal  purposes.  Our  public  schools 
teach  too  little  or  too  much :  too  little  if  education  is 
to  go  no  further,  too  many  things  if  what  is  taught  is 


JAMES  RUSSELL  LOWELL'S  ORATION.  227 

to  be  taught  thoroughly ;  and  the  more  they  seem  to 
teach,  the  less  likely  is  education  to  go  further,  for  it 
is  one  of  the  prime  weaknesses  of  a  democracy  to  be 
satisfied  with  the  second-best  if  it  appear  to  answer  the 
purpose  tolerably  well,  and  to  be  cheaper,  —  as  it  never 
is  in  the  long  run. 

Our  ancestors  believed  in  education,  but  not  in 
making  it  wholly  eleemosynary.  And  they  were  wise 
in  this,  for  men  do  not  value  what  they  get  for  noth- 
ing, any  more  than  they  value  air  and  light  till  de- 
prived of  them.  It  is  quite  proper  that  the  cost  of  our 
public  schools  should  be  paid  by  the  rich,  for  it  is  their 
interest,  as  Lord  Sherbrooke  said,  "  to  educate  their 
rulers."  But  it  is  to  make  paupers  of  the  pupils  to 
furnish  them,  as  is  now  proposed,  with  text-books, 
slates,  and  the  like  at  public  cost.  This  is  an  advance 
towards  that  State  Socialism  which,  if  it  ever  prevail, 
will  be  deadly  to  certain  homespun  virtues  far  more 
precious  than .  most  of  the  book-knowledge  in  the 
world.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  our  higher  institutions 
of  learning  may  again  be  brought  to  bear,  as  once 
they  did,  more  directly  on  the  lower,  that  they  may 
again  come  into  such  closer  and  graduated  relation 
with  them  as  may  make  the  higher  education  the  goal 
to  which  all  who  show  a  clear  aptitude  shall  aspire. 
I  know  that  we  cannot  have  ideal  teachers  in  our 
public  schools  for  the  price  we  pay,  or  in  the  numbers 
we  require.  But  teaching,  like  water,  can  rise  no 
higher  than  its  source ;  and,  like  water  again,  it  has  a 
lazy  aptitude  for  running  down-hill  unless  a  constant 
impulse  be  applied  in  the  other  direction.  "Would  not 


228  THE    ALUMNI    DAY. 

tins  impulse  be  furnished  by  the  ambition  to  send  on 
as  many  pupils  as  possible  to  the  wider  sphere  of  the 
University*?  Would  not  this  organic  relation  to  the 
higher  education  necessitate  a  corresponding  rise  in 
the  grade  of  intelligence,  capacity,  and  culture  de- 
manded in  the  teachers? 

Harvard  has  done  much  by  raising  its  standard  to 
force  upwards  that  also  of  the  preparatory  schools. 
The  leaven  thus  infused  will,  let  us  hope,  filter  grad- 
ually downwards  till  it  raise  a  ferment  in  the  lower 
grades  as  well.  What  we  need  more  than  anything 
else  is  to  increase  the  number  of  our  highly  cultivated 
men  and  thoroughly  trained  minds ;  for  these,  wher- 
ever they  go,  are  sure  to  carry  with  them,  consciously 
or  not,  the  seeds  of  sounder  thinking  and  of  higher 
ideals.  The  only  way  in  which  our  civilization  can  be 
maintained  even  at  the  level  it  has  reached,  —  the  only 
way  in  which  that  level  can  be  made  more  general 
and  be  raised  higher,  —  is  by  bringing  the  influence 
of  the  more  cultivated  to  bear  with  greater  energy 
and  directness  on  the  less  cultivated,  and  by  opening 
more  inlets  to  those  indirect  influences  which  make 
for  refinement  of  mind  and  body.  Democracy  must 
show  its  capacity  for  producing,  not  a  higher  average 
man,  but  the  highest  possible  types  of  manhood  in  all 
its  manifold  varieties,  or  it  is  a  failure.  No  matter 
what  it  does  for  the  body,  if  it  do  not  in  some  sort 
satisfy  that  inextinguishable  passion  of  the  soul  for 
something  that  lifts  life  away  from  prose,  from  the 
common  and  the  vulgar,  it  is  a  failure.  Unless  it 
know  how  to  make  itself  gracious  and  winning,  it  is  a 


JAMES  RUSSELL   LOWELL'S   ORATION.  229 

failure.  Has  it  done  this  ?  Is  it  doing-  this,  —  or  try- 
ing to  do  it  ?  Not  yet,  I  think,  if  one  may  judge  by 
that  commonplace  of  our  newspapers,  that  an  American 
who  stays  long  enough  in  Europe  is  sure  to  find  his 
own  country  unendurable  when  he  comes  back.  This 
is  not  true,  if  I  may  judge  from  some  little  experience; 
but  it  is  interesting  as  implying  a  certain  conscious- 
ness, which  is  of  the  most  hopeful  augury.  But  we 
must  not  be  impatient ;  it  is  a  far  cry  from  the  dwel- 
lers in  caves  to  even  such  civilization  as  we  have 
achieved.  I  am  conscious  that  life  has  been  trying 
to  civilize  me  for  now  nearly  seventy  years,  with  what 
seem  to  me  very  inadequate  results.  We  cannot  afford 
to  wait,  but  the  Race  can.  And  when  I  speak  of  civ- 
ilization I  mean  those  things  that  tend  to  develop  the 
moral  forces  of  Man,  and  not  merely  to  quicken  his 
aesthetic  sensibility,  —  though  there  is  often  a  nearer 
relation  between  the  two  than  is  popularly  believed. 

The  tendency  of  a  prosperous  Democracy  —  and 
hitherto  we  have  had  little  to  do  but  prosper  —  is 
towards  an  overweening  confidence  in  itself  and  its 
home-made  methods,  an  overestimate  of  material  suc- 
cess, and  a  corresponding  indifference  to  the  things  of 
the  mind.  The  popular  ideal  of  success  seems  to  be, 
more  than  ever  before,  the  accumulation  of  riches.  I 
say  "  seems,"  for  it  may  be  only  because  the  oppor- 
tunities are  greater.  I  am  not  ignorant  that  wealth 
is  the  great  fertilizer  of  civilization,  and  of  the  arts 
that  beautify  it.  The  very  names  of  "  civilization  " 
and  "urbanity"  show  that  the  refinement  of  manners 
which  made  the  arts  possible  is  the  birth  of  cities 


230  THE    ALUMNI    DAY. 

where  wealth  earliest  accumulated  because  it  found  it- 
self secure.  Wealth  may  be  an  excellent  thing,  for  it 
means  power,  it  means  leisure,  it  means  liberty. 

But  these,  divorced  from  culture,  —  that  is,  from 
intelligent  purpose,  —  become  the  very  mockery  of 
their  own  essence  ;  not  goods,  but  evils  fatal  to  their 
possessor,  and  bring  with  them,  like  the  Nibelungen 
Hoard,  a  doom  instead  of  a  blessing.  A  man  rich  only 
for  himself,  has  a  life  as  barren  and  cheerless  as  that  of 
the  serpent  set  to  guard  a  buried  treasure.  I  am  sad- 
dened when  I  see  our  success  as  a  nation  measured  by 
the  number  of  acres  under  tillage,  or  of  bushels  of 
wheat  exported ;  for  the  real  value  of  a  country  must 
be  weighed  in  scales  more  delicate  than  the  "  balance 
of  trade."  The  garners  of  Sicily  are  empty  now,  but 
the  bees  from  all  climes  still  fetch  honey  from  the  tiny 
garden-plot  of  Theocritus.  On  a  map  of  the  world 
you  may  hide  Judea  with  your  thumb,  Athens  wTith 
a  finger-tip,  and  neither  of  them  figures  in  the  "  prices 
current ;  "  but  they  still  lord  it  in  the  thought  and 
action  of  every  civilized  man.  Did  not  Dante  cover 
with  his  hood  all  that  was  Italy  six  hundred  years 
ago  ?  And  if  we  go  back  a  century,  where  was  Ger- 
many outside  of  Weimar  1  Material  success  is  good, 
but  only  as  the  necessary  preliminary  of  better  things. 
The  measure  of  a  nation's  true  success  is  the  amount 
it  has  contributed  to  the  thought,  the  moral  energy, 
the  intellectual  happiness,  the  spiritual  hope  and  con- 
solation, of  mankind.  There  is  no  other,  let  our 
candidates  flatter  us  as  they  may.  We  still  make  a 
confusion  between  huge  and  great.  I  know  that  I  am 


JAMES  RUSSELL  LOWELL'S  ORATION.  231 

repeating  truisms,  but  they  are  truisms  that  need  to  be 
repeated  in  season  and  out  of  season. 

The  most  precious  property  of  Culture,  and  of  a 
college  as  its  trustee,  is  to  maintain  higher  ideals  of 
life  and  its  purpose ;  to  keep  trimmed  and  burning  the 
lamps  of  that  pharos,  built  by  wiser  than  we,  which 
warns  from  the  reefs  and  shallows  of  popular  doctrine. 
In  proportion  as  there  are  more  thoroughly  cultivated 
persons  in  a  community  will  the  finer  uses  of  pros- 
perity be  taught  and  the  vulgar  uses  of  it  become 
disreputable.  And  it  is  such  persons  that  we  are 
commissioned  to  send  out,  with  such  consciousness  of 
their  fortunate  vocation  and  such  devotion  to  it  as  we 
may.  We  are  confronted  with  unexampled  problems. 
First  of  all  is  democracy,  and  that  under  conditions  in 
great  part  novel ;  with  its  hitherto  imperfectly  tabulated 
results,  whether  we  consider  its  effect  upon  national 
character,  on  popular  thought,  or  on  the  functions  of 
law  and  government.  We  have  to  deal  with  a  time 
when  the  belief  seems  to  be  spreading,  that  truth  not 
only  can  but  should  be  settled  by  a  show  of  hands 
rather  than  by  a  count  of  heads,  and  that  one  man  is 
as  good  as  another  for  all  purposes,  —  as,  indeed,  he 
is  till  a  real  man  is  needed;  with  a  time  when  the 
Press  is  more  potent  for  good  or  for  evil  than  ever  any 
human  agency  was  before,  and  yet  is  controlled  more 
than  ever  before  by  its  interests  as  a  business  rather 
than  by  its  sense  of  duty  as  a  teacher,  and  must  pur- 
vey news  instead  of  intelligence ;  with  a  time  when 
divers  and  strange  doctrines  touching  the  greatest 
human  interests  are  allowed  to  run  about  unmuzzled 


232  THE  ALUMNI    DAY.    v 

in  greater  number  and  variety  than  ever  before  since 
the  Reformation  passed  into  its  stage  of  putrefactive 
fermentation ;  with  a  time  when  the  idols  of  the 
market-place  are  more  devoutly  worshipped  than  ever 
Diana  of  the  Ephesians  was ;  when  the  guilds  of  the 
Middle  Ages  are  revived  among  us  with  the  avowed 
purpose  of  renewing,  by  the  misuse  of  universal  suf- 
frage, the  class-legislation  to  escape  which  we  left  the 
Old  World;  when  the  electric  telegraph,  by  making 
public  opinion  simultaneous,  is  also  making  it  liable 
to  those  delusions,  panics,  and  gregarious  impulses 
which  transform  otherwise  reasonable  men  into  a  mob ; 
and  when,  above  all,  the  better  mind  of  the  country 
is  said  to  be  growing  more  and  more  alienated  from 
the  highest  of  all  sciences  and  services,  —  the  govern- 
ment of  it.  I  have  drawn  up  a  dreary  catalogue,  and 
the  moral  it  points  is  this :  that  the  college,  in  so  far 
as  it  continues  to  be  still  a  college,  as  in  great  part  it 
does  and  must,  is  and  should  be  limited  by  certain 
pre-existing  conditions,  and  must  consider  first  what 
the  more  general  objects  of  education  are,  without 
neglecting  special  aptitudes  more  than  can  be  helped. 
That  more  general  purpose  is,  I  take  it,  to  set  free,  to 
supple,  and  to  train  the  faculties  in  such  wise  as  shall 
make  them  most  effective  for  whatever  task  life  may 
afterwards  set  them,  for  the  duties  of  life  rather  than 
for  its  business,  and  to  open  windows  on  every  side  of 
the  mind  where  thickness  of  wall  does  not  make  it 
impossible. 

Let  our  aim  be,  as  hitherto,  to  give  a  good  all-round 
education  fitted  to  cope  with  as  many  exigencies  of 


JAMES  RUSSELL  LOWELL'S  ORATION.  233 

the  day  as  possible.  I  had  rather  the  college  should 
turn  out  one  of  Aristotle's  four-square  men,  capable 
of  holding  his  own  in  whatever  field  he  may  be  cast, 
than  a  score  of  lop-sided  ones  developed  abnormally  in 
one  direction.  Our  scheme  should  be  adapted  to  the 
wants  of  the  majority  of  under-graduates,  to  the  ob- 
jects that  drew  them  hither,  and  to  such  training  as 
will  make  the  most  of  them  after  they  come.  Special 
aptitudes  are  sure  to  take  care  of  themselves,  but  the 
latent  possibilities  of  the  average  mind  can  be  discov- 
ered only  by  experiment  in  many  directions.  When 
I  speak  of  the  average  mind,  I  do  not  mean  that  the 
courses  of  study  should  be  adapted  to  the  average 
level  of  intelligence,  but  to  the  highest ;  for  in  these 
matters  it  is  wiser  to  grade  upward  than  downward, 
since  the  best  is  the  only  thing  that  is  good  enough. 
To  keep  the  wing-footed  down  to  the  pace  of  the 
leaden-soled,  disheartens  the  one  without  in  the  least 
encouraging  the  other.  "  Brains,"  says  Machiavelli, 
"  are  of  three  generations,  —  those  that  understand  of 
themselves,  those  that  understand  when  another  shows 
them,  and  those  that  understand  neither  of  themselves 
nor  by  the  showing  of  others."  It  is  the  first  class 
that  should  set  the  stint ;  the  second  will  get  on  better 
than  if  they  had  set  it  themselves  ;  and  the  third  will 
at  least  have  the  pleasure  of  watching  the  others  show 
their  paces. 

In  the  college  proper,  I  repeat,  —  for  it  is  the  birth- 
day of  the  college  that  we  are  celebrating,  it  is  the  col- 
lege that  we  love  and  of  which  we  are  proud,  —  let  it 
continue  to  give  such  a  training  as  will  fit  the  rich  to 


234  THE    ALUMNI    DAY. 

be  trusted  with  riches,  and  the  poor  to  withstand  the 
temptations  of  poverty.  Give  to  history,  give  to  polit- 
ical economy,  that  ample  verge  the  times  demand,  but 
with  no  detriment  to  those  liberal  arts  which  have 
formed  open-minded  men  and  good  citizens  in  the 
past,  nor  have  lost  the  skill  to  form  them.  Let  it  be 
our  hope  to  make  a  gentleman  of  every  youth  who  is 
put  under  our  charge  ;  not  a  conventional  gentleman, 
but  a  man  of  culture,  a  man  of  intellectual  resource, 
a  man  of  public  spirit,  a  man  of  refinement,  with  that 
good  taste  which  is  the  conscience  of  the  mind,  and 
that  conscience  which  is  the  good  taste  of  the  soul. 
This  we  have  tried  to  do  in  the  past ;  this  let  us  try  to 
do  in  the  future.  We  cannot  do  this  for  all,  at  best,  — 
perhaps  only  for  the  few ;  but  the  influence  for  good 
of  a  highly  trained  intelligence  and  a  harmoniously 
developed  character  is  incalculable ;  for  though  it  be 
subtile  and  gradual  in  its  operation,  it  is  as  pervasive 
as  it  is  subtile.  There  may  be  few  of  these,  there  must 
be  few ;  but 

"  That  few  is  all  the  world  which  with  a  few 
Doth  ever  live  and  move  and  work  and  stirre." 

If  these  few  can  best  be  winnowed  from  the  rest  by 
the  elective  system  of  studies ;  if  the  drift  of  our  col- 
leges towards  that  system  be  general  and  involun- 
tary, showing  a  demand  for  it  in  the  conditions  of 
American  life,  —  then  I  should  wish  to  see  it  unfalter- 
ingly carried  through.  I  am  sure  that  the  matter 
will  be  handled  wisely  and  with  all  forethought  by 
those  most  intimately  concerned  in  the  government 
of  the  college. 


JAMES  RUSSELL  LOWELL'S  ORATION.  235 

They  who  on  a  tiny  clearing  pared  from  the  edge 
of  the  woods  built  here  (as  their  Anglo-Saxon  ances- 
tors built  their  first  churches),  most  probably  with  the. 
timber  hewed  from  the  trees  they  felled,  our  earliest 
hall,  —  with  the  solitude  of  ocean  behind  them,  the 
mystery  of  forest  before  them,  and  all  about  them  a 
desolation,  —  must  surely  (si  quis  animis  celestibis  locus} 
share  our  gladness  and  our  gratitude  at  the  splendid 
fulfilment  of  their  vision.  If  we  could  but  have  pre- 
served the  humble  roof  which  housed  so  great  a  future, 
Mr.  Ruskin  himself  would  almost  have  admitted  that 
no  castle  or  cathedral  was  ever  richer  in  sacred  associa- 
tions, in  pathos  of  the  past,  and  in  moral  significance. 
They  who  reared  it  had  the  sublime  prescience  of  that 
courage  which  fears  only  God,  and  could  say  confi- 
dently in  the  face  of  all  discouragement  and  doubt, 
"He  hath  led  me  forth  into  a  large  place ;  because  He 
delighted  in  me,  He  hath  delivered  me."  We  cannot 
honor  them  too  much ;  we  can  repay  them  only  by 
showing,  as  occasions  rise,  that  we  do  not  undervalue 
the  worth  of  their  example. 

Brethren  of  the  Alumni,  it  now  becomes  my  duty 
to  welcome  in  your  name  the  guests  who  have  come, 
some  of  them  so  far,  to  share  our  congratulations  and 
hopes  to-day.  I  cannot  name  them  all  and  give  to 
each  his  fitting  phrase.  Thrice  welcome  to  them  all,  — 
and,  as  is  fitting,  first  to  those  from  abroad,  representa- 
tives of  illustrious  seats  of  learning  that  were  old  in 
usefulness  and  fame  when  ours  was  in  its  cradle ;  and 
next  to  those  of  our  own  land,  from  colleges  and  uni- 


236  THE    ALUMNI    DAY. 

versities  which  if  not  daughters  of  Harvard  are  young 
enough  to  be  so,  and  are  one  with  her  in  heart  and 
hope.  I  said  that  I  could  not  name  them  all,  but  I 
should  not  represent  you  fitly  if  I  gave  no  special 
greeting  to  the  gentleman  who  brings  the  message 
of  John  Harvard's  college,  Emmanuel.  The  wel- 
come we  give  him  could  not  be  warmer  than  that 
which  we  offer  to  his  colleagues ;  but  we  cannot  help 
feeling  that  in  pressing  his  hand  our  own  instinctively 
closes  a  little  more  tightly,  as  with  a  sense  of  nearer 
kindred. 

There  is  also  one  other  name  of  which  it  would  be 
indecorous  not  to  make  an  exception.  You  all  know 
that  I  can  mean  only  the  President  of  our  Republic. 
His  presence  is  a  signal  honor  to  us  all,  and  to  us  all 
I  may  say  a  personal  gratification.  We  have  no  poli- 
tics here ;  but  the  sons  of  Harvard  all  belong  to  the 
party  which  admires  courage,  strength  of  purpose,  and 
fidelity  to  duty,  and  which  respects,  wherever  he  may 
be  found,  the 

"  Justum  ae,  tcnacem  propositi  virum," 

who  knows  how  to  withstand  the 

"  Civium  ardor  prava  jubentium." 

He  has  left  the  helm  of  state  to  be  with  us  here,  and 
so  long  as  it  is  intrusted  to  his  hands  we  are  sure  that, 
should  the  storm  come,  he  will  say  with  Seneca's 
Pilot,  "  0  Neptune !  you  may  save  me  if  you  will ; 
you  may  sink  me  if  you  will ;  but  whatever  happen, 
I  shall  keep  my  rudder  true  ! " 


OLIVER  WENDELL  HOLMES'S  POEM.  237 

POEM. 

BY  OLIVER  WENDELL    HOLMES, 

Professor  Emeritus  in  the  University. 

TWICE  had  the  mellowing  sun  of  autumn  crowned 

The  hundredth  circle  of  his  yearly  round, 

When,  as  we  meet  to-day,  our  fathers  met : 

That  joyous  gathering  who  can  e'er  forget, 

When  Harvard's  nurslings,  scattered  far  and  wide, 

Through  mart  and  village,  lake's  and  ocean's  side, 

Came,  with  one  impulse,  one  fraternal  throng, 

And  crowned  the  hours  with  banquet,  speech,  and  song  ? 

Once  more  revived  in  fancy's  magic  glass, 

I  see  in  state  the  long  procession  pass : 

Tall,  courtly,  leader  as  by  right  divine, 

Winthrop,  —  our  Winthrop,  —  rules  the  marshalled  line, 

Still  seen  in  front,  as  on  that  far-off  day 

His  ribboned  baton  showed  the  column's  way. 

Not  all  are  gone  who  marched  in  manly  pride 

And  waved  their  truncheons  at  their  leader's  side  : 

Gray,  Lowell,  Dixwell,  who  his  empire  shared, 

These  to  be  with  us  envious  Time  has  spared. 

Few  are  the  faces,  so  familiar  then, 
Our  eyes  still  meet  amid  the  haunts  of  men ; 
Scarce  one  of  all  the  living  gathered  there, 
Whose  unthinned  locks  betrayed  a  silver  hair, 
Greets  us  to-day ;  and  yet  we  seem  the  same 
As  our  own  sires  and  grandsires,  save  in  name. 

There  are  the  patriarchs,  looking  vaguely  round 

For  classmates'  faces,  hardly  known  if  found : 

See  the  cold  brow  that  rules  the  busy  mart ; 

Close  at  its  side  the  pallid  son  of  art, 

Whose  purchased  skill  with  borrowed  meaning  clothes, 

And  stolen  hues,  the  smirking  face  he  loathes. 

Here  is  the  patient  scholar ;  in  his  looks 


238  THE    ALUMNI  DAY. 

You  read  the  titles  of  his  learned  books ; 

What  classic  lore  those  spidery  crow's-feet  speak ! 

What  problems  figure  on  that  wrinkled  cheek ! 

For  never  thought  but  left  its  stiffened  trace, 

Its  fossil  foot-print,  on  the  plastic  face, 

As  the  swift  record  of  a  raindrop  stands, 

Fixed  on  the  tablet  of  the  hardening  sands. 

On  every  face  as  on  the  written  page 

Each  year  renews  the  autograph  of  age ; 

One  trait  alone  may  wasting  years  defy,  — 

The  fire  still  lingering  in  the  poet's  eye  ; 

While  Hope,  the  siren,  sings  her  sweetest  strain,  — 

Non  omnis  moriar  is  its  proud  refrain. 

Sadly  we  gaze  upon  the  vacant  chair ; 
He  who  should  claim  its  honors  is  not  there,  — 
Otis,  whose  lips  the  listening  crowd  enthrall 
That  press  and  pack  the  floor  of  Boston's  hall. 
But  Kirkland  smiles,  released  from  toil  and  care 
Since  the  silk  mantle  younger  shoulders  wear,  — 
Quincy's,  whose  spirit  breathes  the  self-same  fire 
That  filled  the  bosom  of  his  youthful  sire,- 
Who  for  the  altar  bore  the  kindled  torch 
To  freedom's  temple,  dying  in  its  porch. 

Three  grave  professions  in  their  sons  appear, 
Whose  words  well  studied  all  well  pleased  will  hear: 
Palfrey,  ordained  in  varied  walks  to  shine, 
Statesman,  historian,  critic,  and  divine ; 
Solid  and  square  behold  majestic  Shaw, 
A  mass  of  wisdom  and  a  mine  of  law  ; 
Warren,  whose  arm  the  doughtiest  warriors  fear, 
Asks  of  the  startled  crowd  to  lend  its  ear ; 
Proud  of  his  calling,  him  the  world  loves  best, 
Not  as  the  coming,  but  the  parting  guest. 

Look  on  that  form,  —  with  eye  dilating  scan 
The  stately  mould  of  Nature's  kingliest  man ! 
Tower-like  he  stands  in  life's  unfaded  prime ; 
Ask  you  his  name  ?    None  asks  a  second  time ! 
He  from  the  land  his  outward  semblance  takes, 


OLIVER  WENDELL  HOLMES'S  POEM.  239 

Where  storm-swept  mountains  watch  o'er  slumbering  lakes : 

See  in  the  impress  which  the  body  wears 

How  its  imperial  might  the  soul  declares,  — 

The  forehead's  large  expansion,  lofty,  wide, 

That  locks  unsilvered  vainly  strive  to  hide ; 

The  lines  of  thought  that  plough  the  sober  cheek, 

Lips  that  betray  their  wisdom  ere  they  speak 

In  tones  like  answers  from  Dodona's  grove ; 

An  eye  like  Juno's  when  she  frowns  on  Jove : 

I  look  and  wonder ;  will  he  be  content,  — 

This  man,  this  monarch,  for  the  purple  meant,  — 

The  meaner  duties  of  his  tribe  to  share, 

Clad  in  the  garb  that  common  mortals  wear  ? 

Ah,  wild  Ambition,  spread  thy  restless  wings, 

Beneath  whose  plumes  the  hidden  oestrum  stings ; 

Thou  whose  bold  flight  would  leave  earth's  vulgar  crowds, 

And  like  the  eagle  soar  above  the  clouds, 

What  pang  like  thine  can  striving  mortals  know 

When  the  red  lightning  strikes  thee  from  below  ? 

Less  bronze,  more  silver,  mingles  in  the  mould 

Of  him  whom  next  my  roving  eyes  behold ; 

His,  more  the  scholar's  than  the  statesman's  face, 

Proclaims  him  born  of  academic  race. 

Weary  his  look,  as  if  an  aching  brain 

Left  on  his  brow  the  frozen  prints  of  pain ; 

His  voice  far-reaching,  grave,  sonorous,  owns 

A  shade  of  sadness  in  its  plaintive  tones, 

Yet  when  its  breath  some  loftier  thought  inspires, 

Glows  with  a  heat  that  every  bosom  fires. 

Such  Everett  seems ;  no  chance-sown  wild-flower  knows 

The  full-blown  charms  of  culture's  double  rose  : 

Alas,  how  soon,  by  death's  unsparing  frost, 

Its  bloom  is  faded  and  its  fragrance  lost ! 

Two  voices,  only  two,  to  earth  belong 
Of  all  whose  accents  met  the  listening  throng : 
Winthrop,  alike  for  speech  and  guidance  framed, 
On  that  proud  day  a  two-fold  duty  claimed. 
One  other  yet,  —  remembered  or  forgot,  — 


240  THE    ALUMNI    DAY. 

He  stands  before  you,  —  so  I  name  him  not. 
Can  I  believe  it  ?    I,  whose  youthful  voice 
Claimed  a  brief  gamut,  —  notes  not  over  choice,  — 
Stood  undismayed  before  that  solemn  throng, 
And  propria  voce  sung  the  saucy  song 
Which  even  in  memory  turns  my  soul  aghast,  — 
Felix  audacia  was  the  verdict  cast. 

What  were  the  glory  of  those  festal  days 
Shorn  of  their  grand  illumination's  blaze  ? 
Night  comes  at  last  with  all  her  starry  train 
To  find  a  light  in  every  glittering  pane. 
From  "  Harvard's  "  windows  see  the  sudden  flash, 
Old  "  Massachusetts  "  glares  through  every  sash, 
From  wall  to  wall  the  kindling  splendors  run 
Till  all  is  glorious  as  the  noonday  sun. 

How  to  the  scholar's  mind  each  object  brings 
What  some  historian  tells,  some  poet  sings  ! 
The  good  gray  teacher  whom  we  all  revered, 
Loved,  honored,  laughed  at,  and  by  freshmen  feared, 
As  from  old  "  Harvard  "  where  its  light  began 
From  hall  to  hall  the  clustering  splendors  ran, 
Took  down  his  well-worn  JSschylus  and  read, 
Lit  by  the  rays  a  thousand  tapers  shed, 
How  the  swift  herald  crossed  the  leagues  between 
Mycenae's  monarch  and  his  faithless  queen  ; 
And  thus  he  read,  —  my  verse  but  ill  displays 
The  Attic  picture,  clad  in  modern  phrase :  — 

On  Ida's  summit  flames  the  kindling  pile, 
And  Lemnos  answers  from  his  rocky  isle  ; 
from  Athos  next  it  climbs  the  reddening  skies, 
Thence  where  the  watch-towers  of  Macistus  rise. 
The  sentries  of  Mesapius  in  their  turn 
Bid  the  dry  heath  in  high-piled  masses  burn, 
Cithceron's  crag  the  crimsoned  smoke-wreaths  stain, 
Far  jEgiplanctus  joins  the  fiery  train. 
Thus  the  swift  courier  through  the  pathless  night 
Has  gained  at  length  the  Arachncean  height, 
Whence  the  glad  tidings,  borne  on  wings  of  flame, 
"  Ilium  has  fallen  !  "  reach  the  royal  dame. 


OLIVER  WENDELL  HOLMES'S  POEM.  241 

So  ends  the  day ;  before  the  midnight  stroke 
The  lights  expiring  cloud  the  air  with  smoke ; 
While  these  the  toil  of  younger  hands  employ, 
The  slumbering  Grecian  dreams  of  smouldering  Troy. 


As  to  that  hour  with  backward  steps  I  turn, 
Midway  I  pause ;  behold  a  funeral  urn ! 
Ah,  sad  memorial !  known  but  all  too  well 
The  tale  which  thus  its  golden  letters  tell :  — 

This  dust,  once  breathing,  changed  its  joyous  life 
For  toil  and  hunger,  wounds  and  mortal  strife ; 
Love,  friendship,  learning's  all-prevailing  charms, 
For  the  cold  bivouac  and  the  clash  of  arms. 
The  cause  of  freedom  won,  a  race  enslaved 
Called  back  to  manhood,  and  a  nation  saved, 
These  sons  of  Harvard  falling  ere  their  prime 
Leave  their  proud  memory  to  the  coming  time. 

While  in  their  still  retreats  our  scholars  turn 
The  mildewed  pages  of  the  past,  to  learn 
With  endless  labor  of  the  sleepless  brain 
What  once  has  been  and  ne'er  shall  be  again, 
We  reap  the  harvest  of  their  ceaseless  toil 
And  find  a  fragrance  in  their  midnight  oil. 
But  let  a  purblind  mortal  dare  the  task 
The  embryo  future  of  itself  to  ask, 
The  world  reminds  him,  with  a  scornful  laugh, 
That  times  have  changed  since  Prospero  broke  his  staff. 
Could  all  the  wisdom  of  the  schools  foretell 
The  dismal  hour  when  Lisbon  shook  and  fell, 
Or  name  the  shuddering  night  that  toppled  down 
Our  sister's  pride,  beneath  whose  mural  crown 
Scarce  had  the  scowl  forgot  its  angry  lines, 
When  earth's  blind  prisoners  fired  their  fatal  mines  ? 
New  realms,  new  worlds,  exulting  Science  claims, 
Still  the  dim  future  unexplored  remains ; 
Her  trembling  scales  the  far-off  planet  weigh, 

16 


242  THE    ALUMNI    DAY. 

Her  torturing  prisms  its  elements  betray ; 
We  know  what  ores  the  fires  of  Sirius  melt, 
What  vaporous  metals  gild  Orion's  belt,  — 
Angels,  archangels,  may  have  yet  to  learn 
Those  hidden  truths  our  heaven-taught  eyes  discern, 
Yet  vain  is  Knowledge,  with  her  mystic  wand, 
To  pierce  the  cloudy  screen  and  read  beyond ; 
Once  to  the  silent  stars  the  fates  were  known, 
To  us  they  tell  no  secrets  but  their  own. 

At  Israel's  altar  still  we  humbly  bow, 
But  where,  oh  where,  are  Israel's  Prophets  now  ? 
Where  is  the  Sibyl  with  her  hoarded  leaves  ? 
Where  is  the  charm  the  weird  enchantress  weaves  ? 
No  croaking  raven  turns  the  auspex  pale, 
No  reeking  altars  tell  the  morrow's  tale ; 
The  measured  footsteps  of  the  Fates  are  dumb, 
Unseen,  unheard,  unheralded,  they  come,  — 
Prophet  and  priest  and  all  their  following  fail. 
Who  then  is  left  to  rend  the  future's  veil  ? 
Who  but  the  Poet,  he  whose  nicer  sense 
No  film  can  baffle  with  its  slight  defence, 
Whose  finer  vision  marks  the  waves  that  stray, 
Felt,  but  unseen,  beyond  the  violet  ray  ; 
Who,  while  the  storm-wind  waits  its  darkening  shroud, 
Foretells  the  tempest  ere  he  sees  the  cloud, 
Stays  not  for  time  his  secrets  to  reveal, 
But  reads  his  message  ere  he  breaks  the  seal  ? 
So  Mantua's  bard  foretold  the  coming  day 
Ere  Bethlehem's  infant  in  the  manger  lay ; 
The  promise  trusted  to  a  mortal  tongue 
Found  listening  ears  before  the  angels  sung. 
So  while  his  load  the  creeping  pack-horse  galled, 
While  inch  by  inch  the  dull  canal-boat  crawled, 
Darwin  beheld  a  Titan  form  "  afar 
Drag  the  slow  barge  or  drive  the  rapid  car ; " 
That  panting  giant  fed  by  air  and  flame, 
The  mightiest  forges  task  their  strength  to  tame, 
Snatched  from  the  grasp  of  heaven's  reluctant  sire 
As  first  Prometheus  stole  its  parent  fire. 


OLIVER  WENDELL  HOLMES'S  POEM.  243 

Happy  the  Poet !  him  no  tyrant  fact 
Holds  in  its  clutches  to  be  chained  and  racked ; 
Him  shall  no  mouldy  document  convict, 
No  stern  statistics  gravely  contradict ; 
No  rival  sceptre  threats  his  airy  throne,  — 
He  rules  o'er  shadows,  but  he  reigns  alone. 

Shall  I  the  Poet's  broad  dominion  claim 
Because  you  bid  me  wear  his  sacred  name 
For  these  few  moments  ?     Shall  I  boldly  clash 
My  flint  and  steel,  and  by  the  sudden  flash 
Head  the  fair  vision  which  my  soul  descries 
Through  the  wide  pupils  of  its  wondering  eyes  ? 
List  then  awhile :  the  fifty  years  have  sped, 
The  third  full  century's  opened  scroll  is  spread, 
Blank  to  all  eyes  save  his  who  dimly  sees 
The  shadowy  future  told  in  words  like  these : 

How  strange  the  prospect  to  my  sight  appears, 
Changed  by  the  busy  hands  of  fifty  years ! 
Full  well  I  know  our  ocean-salted  Charles, 
Filling  and  emptying  through  the  sands  and  marls 
That  wall  his  restless  stream  on  either  bank, 
Not  all  unlovely  when  the  sedges  rank 
Lend  their  coarse  veil  the  sable  ooze  to  hide 
That  bares  its  blackness  with  the  ebbing  tide. 
In  other  shapes  to  my  illumined  eyes 
Those  ragged  margins  of  our  stream  arise : 
Through  walls  of  stone  the  sparkling  waters  flow, 
In  clearer  depths  the  golden  sunsets  glow, 
On  purer  waves  the  lamps  of  midnight  gleam, 
That  silver  o'er  the  unpolluted  stream. 
Along  his  shores  what  stately  temples  rise, 
What  spires,  what  turrets,  print  the  shadowed  skies  ! 
Our  smiling  Mother  sees  her  broad  domain 
Spread  its  tall  roofs  along  the  western  plain ; 
Those  blazoned  windows'  blushing  glories  tell 
Of  grateful  hearts  that  loved  her  long  and  well ; 
Yon  gilded  dome  that  glitters  in  the  sun 
Was  Dives'  gift,  —  alas,  his  only  one ! 


244  THE  ALUMNI  DAY. 

These  buttressed  walls  enshrine  a  banker's  name, 
That  hallowed  chapel  hides  a  miser's  shame ; 
Their  wealth  they  left,  —  their  memory  cannot  fade 
Though  age  shall  crumble  every  stone  they  laid. 

Great  lord  of  millions,  —  let  me  call  thee  great, 
Since  countless  servants  at  thy  bidding  wait, — 
Richesse  oblige  ;  no  mortal  must  be  blind 
To  all  but  self,  or  look  at  human  kind, 
Laboring  and  suffering,  —  all  its  wants  and  woe, — 
Through  sheets  of  crystal,  as  a  pleasing  show 
That  makes  life  happier  for  the  chosen  few 
Duty  for  whom  is  something  not  to  do. 

When  thy  last  page  of  life  at  length  is  filled, 
What  shall  thine  heirs  to  keep  thy  memory  build  ? 
Will  piles  of  stone  in  Auburn's  mournful  shade 
Save  from  neglect  the  spot  where  thou  art  laid  ? 
Nay,  deem  not  thus  ;  the  sauntering  stranger's  eye 
Will  pass  unmoved  thy  columned  tombstone  by, 
No  memory  wakened,  not  a  tear-drop  shed, 
Thy  name  uncared  for  and  thy  date  unread. 

But  if  thy  record  thou  indeed  dost  prize, 
Bid  from  the  soil  some  stately  temple  rise,  — 
Some  hall  of  learning,  some  memorial  shrine, 
With  names  long  honored  to  associate  thine : 
So  shalt  thy  fame  outlive  thy  shattered  bust 
When  all  around  thee  slumber  in  the  dust. 
Thus  England's  Henry  lives  in  Eton's  towers, 
Saved  from  the  spoil  oblivion's  gulf  devours  ; 
Our  later  records  with  as  fair  a  fame 
Have  wreathed  each  uncrowned  benefactor's  name ; 
The  walls  they  reared  the  memories  still  retain 
That  churchyard  marbles  try  to  keep  in  vain. 
In  vain  the  delving  antiquary  tries 
To  find  the  tomb  where  generous  Harvard  lies : 
Here,  here,  his  lasting  monument  is  found, 
Where  every  spot  is  consecrated  ground ! 
O'er  Stoughton's  dust  the  crumbling  stone  decays, 
Fast  fade  its  lines  of  lapidary  praise ; 
There  the  wild  bramble  weaves  its  ragged  nets, 
There  the  dry  lichen  spreads  its  gray  rosettes,  — 


OLIVER  WENDELL  HOLMES'S  POEM.  245 

Still  in  you  walls  his  memory  lives  unspent, 
Nor  asks  a  braver,  nobler  monument. 
Thus  Hollis  lives,  and  Holden,  honored,  praised, 
And  good  Sir  Matthew,  in  the  halls  they  raised ; 
Thus  live  the  worthies  of  these  newer  times, 
Who  shine  in  deeds,  less  brilliant,  grouped  in  rhymes. 
When  o'er  our  graves  a  thousand  years  have  past 
(If  to  such  date  our  threatened  globe  shall  last), 
These  classic  precincts  myriad  feet  have  pressed 
Will  show  on  high,  in  beauteous  garlands  dressed, 
Those  treasured  names  our  later  annals  know, 
While  grateful  centuries  count  the  debt  they  owe. 

Once  more  I  turn  to  read  the  pictured  page 
Bright  with  the  promise  of  the  coming  age. 
Ye  unborn  sons  of  children  yet  unborn, 
Whose  youthful  eyes  shall  greet  that  far-off  morn, 
Blest  are  those  eyes  that  all  undimmed  behold 
The  sights  so  longed  for  by  the  wise  of  old. 

From  high-arched  alcoves,  through  resounding  halls, 
Clad  in  full  robes  majestic  Science  calls,  — 
Tireless,  unsleeping,  still  at  Nature's  feet, 
Whate'er  she  utters  fearless  to  repeat, 
Her  lips  at  last  from  every  cramp  released 
That  Israel's  prophet  caught  from  Egypt's  priest. 

I  see  the  statesman,  firm,  sagacious,  bold, 
For  life's  long  conflict  cast  in  amplest  mould  : 
Not  his  to  clamor  with  the  senseless  throng 
That  shouts  unshamed,  "  Our  party,  right  or  wrong  !  " 
But  in  the  patriot's  never-ending  fight 
To  side  with  Truth,  who  changes  wrong  to  right. 

I  see  the  scholar ;  in  that  wondrous  time 
Men,  women,  children,  all  can  write  in  rhyme. 
These  four  brief  lines  addressed  to  youth  inclined 
To  idle  rhyming  in  his  notes  I  find  :  — 

Who  writes  in  verse  that  should  have  writ  in  prose 
Is  like  a  traveller  walking  on  his  toes  ; 
Happy  the  rhymester  who  in  time  has  found  ' 

The  heels  he  lifts  were  made  to  touch  the  (/round  ! 


246  THE  ALUMNI  DAY. 

I  see  gray  teachers,  —  on  their  work  intent, 
Their  lavished  lives,  in  endless  labor  spent, 
Had  closed  at  last  in  age  and  penury  wrecked, 
Martyrs,  not  burned,  but  frozen  in  neglect, 
Save  for  the  generous  hands  that  stretched  in  aid 
Of  worn-out  servants  left  to  die  half  paid. 
Ah,  many  a  year  will  pass,  I  thought,  ere  we 
Such  kindly  forethought  shall  rejoice  to  see  : 
Monarchs  are  mindful  of  the  sacred  debt 
That  cold  republics  hasten  to  forget. 

I  see  the  priest,  —  if  such  a  name  he  bears 
Who  without  pride  his  sacred  vestment  wears ; 
And  while  the  symbols  of  his  tribe  I  seek 
Thus  my  first  impulse  bids  me  think  and  speak :  — 

Let  not  the  mitre  England's  prelate  wears 
Next  to  the  crown  whose  regal  pomp  it  shares, 
Though  low  before  it  courtly  Christians  bow, 
Leave  its  red  mark  on  Younger  England's  brow. 
We  love,  we  honor,  the  maternal  dame, 
But  let  her  priesthood  wear  a  modest  name, 
While  through  the  waters  of  the  Pilgrim's  bay 
A  new-launched  Mayflower  shows  her  keels  the  way. 
Too  old  grew  Britain  for  her  mother's  beads,  — 
Must  we  be  necklaced  with  her  children's  creeds  ? 
Welcome  alike  in  surplice  or  in  gown 
The  loyal  lieges  of  the  Heavenly  Crown! 
We  greet  with  cheerful,  not  submissive  mien 
A  sister  Church,  but  not  a  mitred  Queen ! 

A  few  brief  flutters,  and  the  unwilling  Muse, 
Who  feared  the  flight  she  hated  to  refuse, 
Shall  fold  the  wings  whose  gayer  plumes  are  shed, 
Here  where  at  first  her  half-fledged  pinions  spread. 

Well  I  remember  in  the  long  ago 
How  in  the  forest  shades  of  Fontainebleau, 
Strained  through  a  fissure  in  a  rocky  cell 
One  crystal  drop  with  measured  cadence  fell. 
Still,  as  of  old,  forever  bright  and  clear, 
The  fissured  cavern  drops  its  wonted  tear ; 


OLIVER  WENDELL  HOLMES'S  POEM.  247 

And  wondrous  virtue,  simple  folk  aver, 
Lies  in  that  tear-drop  of  la  roche  qui  pleure. 

Of  old  I  wandered  by  the  river's  side 
Between  whose  banks  the  mighty  waters  glide, 
Where  vast  Niagara,  crashing  down  its  fall, 
Builds  and  unbuilds  its  ever-tumbling  wall  : 
Oft  in  my  dreams  I  hear  the  rush  and  roar 
Of  battling  floods,  and  feel  the  trembling  shore, 
As  the  huge  torrent,  girded  for  its  leap, 
With  bellowing  thunders  plunges  down  the  steep. 

Not  less  distinct,  from  memory's  pictured  urn, 
The  gray  old  rock,  the  leafy  woods,  return ; 
Robed  in  their  pride  the  lofty  oaks  appear, 
And  once  again  with  quickened  sense  I  hear, 
Through  the  low  murmur  of  the  leaves  that  stir, 
The  tinkling  tear-drop  of  la  roche  qui  pleure. 

So  when  the  third  ripe  century  stands  complete, 
As  once  again  the  sons  of  Harvard  meet, 
Rejoicing,  numerous  as  the  sea-shore  sands, 
Drawn  from  all  quarters,  —  farthest  distant  lands, 
Where  through  the  reeds  the  scaly  saurian  steals, 
Where  cold  Alaska  feeds  her  floundering  seals, 
Where  Plymouth,  glorying,  wears  her  iron  crown, 
Where  Sacramento  sees  the  suns  go  down, 
Nay,  from  the  cloisters  whence  the  refluent  tide 
Wafts  their  pale  students  to  our  Mother's  side,  — 
Mid  all  the  tumult  that  the  day  shall  bring, 
While  all  the  echoes  shout  and  roar  and  ring, 
These  tinkling  lines,  oblivion's  easy  prey, 
Once  more  emerging  to  the  light  of  day, 
Not  all  unpleasing  to  the  listening  ear 
Shall  wake  the  memories  of  this  bygone  year, 
Heard  as  I  hear  the  measured  drops  that  flow 
From  the  gray  rock  of  wooded  Fontainebleau. 

Yet,  ere  I  leave,  one  loving  word  for  all 
Those  fresh  young  lives  that  wait  our  Mother's  call : 
One  gift  is  yours,  kind  Nature's  richest  dower,  — 
Youth,  the  fair  bud  that  holds  life's  opening  flower, 


248  THE  ALUMNI  DAY. 

Full  of  high  hopes  no  coward  doubts  enchain, 
With  all  the  future  throbbing  in  its  brain, 
And  mightiest  instincts  which  the  beating  heart 
Fills  with  the  fire  its  burning  waves  impart. 

0  joyous  youth,  whose  glory  is  to  dare, 

Thy  foot  firm  planted  on  the  lowest  stair, 

Thine  eye  uplifted  to  the  loftiest  height 

Where  Fame  stands  beckoning  in  the  rosy  light,  — 

Thanks  for  thy  flattering  tales,  thy  fond  deceits, 

Thy  loving  lies,  thy  cheerful  smiling  cheats  ! 

Nature's  rash  promise  every  day  is  broke,  — 

A  thousand  acorns  breed  a  single  oak, 

The  myriad  blooms  that  make  the  orchard  gay 

In  barren  beauty  throw  their  lives  away ; 

Yet  shall  we  quarrel  with  the  sap  that  yields 

The  painted  blossoms  which  adorn  the  fields, 

When  the  fair  orchard  wears  its  May-day  suit 

Of  pink-white  petals,  for  its  scanty  fruit  ? 

Thrice  happy  hours,  in  hope's  illusion  dressed, 

In  fancy's  cradle  nurtured  and  caressed, 

Though  rich  the  spoils  that  ripening  years  may  bring, 

To  thee  the  dewdrops  of  the  Orient  cling,  — 

Not  all  the  dye-stuffs  from  the  vats  of  truth 

Can  match  the  rainbow  on  the  robes  of  youth  ! 

Dear  unborn  children,  to  our  Mother's  trust 

We  leave  you,  fearless,  when  we  lie  in  dust : 

While  o'er  these  walls  the  Christian  banner  waves, 

From  hallowed  lips  shall  flow  the  truth  that  saves ; 

While  o'er  these  portals  Veritas  you  read, 

No  church  shall  bind  you  with  its  human  creed. 

Take  from  the  past  the  best  its  toil  has  won, 

But  learn  betimes  its  slavish  ruts  to  shun. 

Pass  the  old  tree  whose  withered  leaves  are  shed, 

Quit  the  old  paths  that  error  loved  to  tread, 

And  a  new  wreath  of  living  blossoms  seek, 

A  narrower  pathway  up  a  loftier  peak ; 

Lose  not  your  reverence,  but  unmanly  fear 

Leave  far  behind  you,  all  who  enter  here  1 


OLIVER   WENDELL  HOLMES'S  POEM.  249 

As  once  of  old  from  Ida's  lofty  height 
The  flaming  signal  flashed  across  the  night, 
So  Harvard's  beacon  sheds  its  unspent  rays 
Till  every  watch-tower  shows  its  kindling  blaze. 
Caught  from  a  spark  and  fanned  by  every  gale, 
A  brighter  radiance  gilds  the  roofs  of  Yale  ; 
Amherst  and  Williams  bid  their  flambeaus  shine, 
And  Bowdoin  answers  through  her  groves  of  pine  ; 
O'er  Princeton's  sands  the  far  reflections  steal, 
Where  mighty  Edwards  stamped  his  iron  heel ; 
Nay,  on  the  hill  where  old  beliefs  were  bound 
Fast  as  if  Styx  had  girt  them  nine  times  round, 
Bursts  such  a  light  that  trembling  souls  inquire 
If  the  whole  church  of  Calvin  is  on  fire  ! 
Well  may  they  ask,  for  what  so  brightly  burns 
As  a  dry  creed  that  nothing  ever  learns  ? 
Thus  link  by  link  is  knit  the  flaming  chain 
Lit  by  the  torch  of  Harvard's  hallowed  plain. 

Thy  son,  thy  servant,  dearest  Mother  mine, 
Lays  this  poor  offering  on  thy  holy  shrine,  — 
An  autumn  leaflet  to  the  wild  winds  tossed, 
Touched  by  the  finger  of  November's  frost, 
With  sweet  sad  memories  of  that  earlier  day, 
And  all  that  listened  to  my  first-born  lay. 
With  grateful  heart  this  glorious  morn  I  see,  — 
Would  that  my  tribute  worthier  were  of  thee ! 


II. 
at  ti)e  dinner. 


OPENING  ADDRESS. 

BY  THE  HONORABLE  CHAELES  DEVENS. 

President  of  the  Alumni  Association. 

BRETHREN,  —  Our  solemn  festival  draws  to  its  close. 
For  a  few  moments  we  linger  still  to  interchange  our 
mutual  sentiments  and  feelings,  and  then  to  part  until 
the  three  hundredth  anniversary  summons  the  sons 
of  Harvard  to  unite  upon  a  similar  occasion.  A  few 
may  expect  to  see  that  distant  day,  but  most  of  us 
know  that  for  us  it  is  impossible.  But  whether  we  are 
to  join  in  it  or  not,  those  who  shall  then  commemorate 
are  to  be  our  brethren,  united  by  that  bond  of  frater- 
nity whose  mystic  chords  draw  together  all  who  have 
drunk  at  this  fountain.  Their  voices  as  our  own, 
when  they  meet  and  when  they  part,  will  utter  their 
salutation  to  our  beloved  University,  "  Salve,  magna 
Parens  ! " 

It  is  well  in  this  time  of  prosperity,  when  Massachu- 
setts is  a  wealthy  and  powerful  State  and  yet  but  a 
portion  of  a  mighty  nation  whose  gateways  are  on  the 
Atlantic  and  the  Pacific  seas,  to  look  back  to  the  day 
when  this  college  was  founded,  and  to  the  men  who 


PRESIDENT  DEVENS'S  ADDRESS.        251 

made  that  day  great.  It  was  six  years  only  since 
they  had  reached  these  shores.  They  had  contended 
with  the  inhospitable  climate ;  the  stern  soil  they  had 
encountered  but  not  subdued.  Their  settlements  were 
but  a  fringe  along  a  stormy  sea  which  separated  them 
from  the  land  they  had  loved  so  well  and  had  parted 
from  in  obedience  to  a  higher  call  than  that  of  coun- 
try, to  build  here  their  New  Jerusalem.  Not  sus- 
tained by  any  royal  favor  or  power,  not  disturbed  as 
yet  except  it  might  be  by  a  royal  frown ;  exercising 
boldly  the  powers  of  sovereignty  even  if  in  nominal 
obedience  to  their  parent  state ;  fixing  definitely  the 
status  of  citizens,  imposing  taxes  and  duties,  deter- 
mining what  should  be  public  charges,  —  that  nothing 
might  be  wanting  to  a  full  and  perfect  Commonwealth 
they  established  this  college,  endowing  it  with  the  mag- 
nificent gift  equal  to  a  year's  revenue. 

One  great  principle  they  contributed  to  the  science 
of  government,  —  and  the  greatest  of  states  and  states- 
men might  well  be  proud  of  the  contribution.  That 
the  education  of  the  people  is  a  public  duty ;  that  there 
is  a  right  in  every  child  and  youth  in  the  land  to  its 
rudiments,  and  to  the  opportunity  for  a  larger  and 
more  liberal  culture ;  that  the  provision  for  this  is  a 
legitimate  public  expenditure,  —  are  principles  of  the 
gravest  importance ;  and  for  these  the  world  is  indebted 
to  them.  The  monuments  to  their  own  just  fame 
which  they  reared  by  the  establishment  of  this  college 
and  their  provision  for  public  schools  are  not  to  be 
found  alone  in  these  halls,  or  in  those  where  similar 
institutions  teach  the  higher  branches  of  learning  and 


252  THE  ALUMNI  DAY. 

science,  but  equally  in  the  humblest  village  school- 
house  wherever  in  the  broad  land  it  nestles  in  the 
valley  or  by  the  wayside. 

In  marshalling  the  degrees  of  honor,  Lord  Bacon 
has  assigned  the  highest  place  to  the  conditores  impe- 
riorum,  or  founders  of  states.  With  other  peoples  it 
has  been  pleasant  to  invest  them  with  the  colors  of 
poetry  and  romance.  It  is  to  the  immortal  Gods  that 
Romulus  traces  his  ancestry,  and  the  shadowy  Arthur 
who  leads  the  line  of  Britain's  kings  is  the  poetic  type 
of  piety,  truth,  and  courage.  But  the  founders  of  New 
England  we  know  as  they  were ;  nor  is  there  any  dan- 
ger in  an  age  that  differs  so  widely  from  that  in  which 
they  lived  that  their  defects  will  not  be  pointed  out  and 
their  shortcomings  clearly  exposed.  These  men  are 
revealed  to  us  alike  by  their  acts  and  their  own  written 
words.  Learned  beyond  any  body  of  men  who  ever 
went  forth  to  tempt  the  fortunes  of  a  new  world,  their 
habit  of  self-inspection,  and  above  all  that  of  bearing 
true  witness  give  them  to  us  in  their  diaries  and  their 
note-books  as  they  were.  We  see  them  in  their  weak- 
ness and  their  strength.  In  that  which  they  came  to 
do,  they  were  thoroughly  in  earnest.  In  the  path 
they  had  marked  out  they  intended  to  walk;  those 
who  would  walk  with  them  were  welcome,  for  others 
they  had  no  place.  If  success  was  theirs  they  were 
willing  to  ascribe  all  the  glory  to  God ;  but  they  knew 
that  in  these  latter  days  he  works  by  human  means 
and  human  agencies,  and  that  it  was  for  them  to  seek 
to  compass  all  for  which  they  prayed.  They  believed 
in  the  sword  of  the  Lord  and  of  Gideon ;  but  the  sword 


PRESIDENT  DEVENS'S  ADDRESS.  253 

of  Gideon  was  the  good  weapon  that  hung  in  their 
own  belts  and  whose  hilt  was  within  the  grasp  of  their 
own  strong  right  hands.  They  looked  for  no  miracles 
to  be  wrought ;  the  ground  must  be  tilled  if  it  was  to 
bring  forth  bread,  the  forest  must  be  felled  if  there 
were  to  be  fields  and  pastures,  the  sea  must  be  vexed 
by  their  lines  and  nets  if  they  would  eat  of  its  fish. 
They  had  brought  with  them  an  educated  clergy 
trained  in  the  great  English  universities  :  they  did  not 
propose  to  be  separated  from  the  instructions  of  its 
knowledge  and  culture ;  unless  these  could  grow  and 
increase  as  wealth  and  numbers  came  to  them,  they 
that  builded  the  city  would  have  builded  it  in  vain. 
"  Learning,"  to  use  their  own  fine  expression,  was  not 
"  to  be  buried  in  the  graves  of  the  fathers." 

As  they  sat  together  in  the  rude  chamber  where  the 
General  Court  met,  November  7,  1636,  could  we  have 
looked  upon  them  they  would  have  seemed  to  our 
eyes  plain  in  dress  and  manners  and  stern  in  aspect,  for 
the  responsibilities  upon  them  were  heavy  and  solemn ; 
yet  we  should  have  seen  also  how  high  resolve,  earnest 
purpose,  devoted  faith  dignified  and  ennobled  their 
grave  and  manly  features.  Henry  Vane  was  there,  — 

"  Vane  young  in  years,  yet  in  sage  counsel  old," 

as  Milton  has  written  of  him.  Hugh  Peters  was  there, 
both  afterwards  to  die  upon  the  scaffold  for  their  stern 
assertion  of  the  liberties  of  England.  John  Winthrop 
was  there,  and  without  question,  as  he  is  always  seen  in 
our  Annals,  sweet  and  calm,  wise  and  brave.  Of  all 
that  was  there  said  nothing  is  preserved ;  neither  diary, 
memorandum,  nor  note-book  yield  a  word,  although 


254  THE  ALUMNI  DAY. 

carefully  and  lovingly  searched.  What  they  did  the 
record  tells.  Yet  the  illustrious  orator  who  stood  fifty 
years  ago  where  I  most  unworthily  stand  to-day,  im- 
agined in  words  well  befitting  the  occasion  the  speech 
which  John  Winthrop  might  have  made ;  and  we  join 
in  the  aspiration  with  which  it  concludes :  "  So  long  as 
New  England  or  America  hath  a  name  on  the  earth's 
surface,  the  fame  and  the  fruit  of  this  day's  work  shall 
be  blessed." 

These  men  were  in  many  respects,  certainly  in  lofty 
conception,  above  the  age  in  which  they  lived:  no- 
where can  it  be  said  that  they  fell  below  it.  Yet 
neither  they  nor  any  body  of  men  ever  burst  through 
the  environment  of  the  temper  and  thought  of  the  age 
in  which  their  lot  was  cast.  If  they  were  intolerant 
of  other  modes  of  belief,  this  was  the  result  of  their 
peculiar  political  situation  rather  than  indifference 
to  the  rights  of  others.  When  power  fully  came  to 
them,  as  it  did  come  in  England,  the  belief  of  others 
was  respected.  Every  sect  in  its  weakness  counsels 
toleration ;  but  Mr.  Hume,  one  of  the  bitterest  of 
their  critics,  says  of  them :  "Of  all  Christian  sects 
this  was  the  first  which  during  its  prosperity  as 
well  as  its  adversity  always  adopted  the  principle 
of  toleration." 

Certainly  this  college  bears  no  marks  of  intolerance, 
if  that  charge  can  rightfully  be  brought  elsewhere 
against  the  founders  of  New  England.  Established 
primarily  for  theological  instruction ;  he  whose  name 
it  bears  and  whose  gift  made  its  existence  possible  a 
clergyman ;  controlled  by  the  ministry  at  a  time  when 


PRESIDENT  DEVENS'S  ADDRESS.        255 

in  all  the  affairs  of  the  colony  their  influence  was  little 
less  than  paramount, — the  liberal  spirit  of  each  charter 
and  constitution  it  has  received  has  been  such  that  its 
advantages  and  privileges  have  been  at  the  disposal  of 
all,  irrespective  of  differences  of  belief.  Let  every  one 
that  thirsteth  come  and  drink  freely.  No  creed  was 
ever  to  be  signed,  no  form  of  faith  professed,  no  cate- 
chism answered  by  student  or  professor.  In  reverent 
faith  its  founders  entertained  the  then  prevalent  doc- 
trines of  the  Protestant  Church.  Their  difference  with 
the  Anglican  Church  had  been  one  of  ritual  and  disci- 
pline rather  than  of  doctrine.  They  must  have  un- 
derstood how  large  an  instrument  of  authority  and 
influence  a  great  seat  of  learning  is  in  its  sway  over 
opinion,  but  they  did  not  seek  to  control  it  by  any 
formulas  which  should  bind  the  consciences  of  those 
who  resorted  to  it. 

The  quarter  of  a  millennium  which  has  elapsed 
since  the  foundation  of  our  college  carries  us  back 
even  more  than  is  indicated  merely  by  the  number 
of  its  years.  It  marks  the  dawn  of  the  present  era 
in  literature  and  science.  Shakespeare  and  Bacon 
were  but  a  few  years  dead,  Milton  was  yet  in  his 
youth,  Newton  was  still  to  come.  With  all  the  ad- 
vance of  what  may  be  called  modern  Europe  our 
University  is  identified,  and  steadily  it  must  adapt 
itself  in  its  high  office  of  instruction  to  the  wants  of 
each  generation  and  its  growing  needs.  Firmly  fixed, 
it  stands  upon  the  rocks;  but  the  guidance  which 
it  shall  give  to  those  who  look  for  its  light  must  be 
such  as  they  can  follow  through  every  channel  that 


256  THE  ALUMNI  DAY. 

learning  or  science  may  hereafter  discover.  The  con- 
trol which  its  Alumni  have  by  electing  its  overseers 
imposes  on  us  the  duty  of  ultimately  determining 
what  changes  shall  from  time  to  time  be  made,  and 
how  it  shall  best  fulfil  its  great  office.  It  is  a  grave 
and  solemn  trust  to  be  administered  in  reverent  grati- 
tude to  those  who  have  gone  before  us,  whose  labors 
we  have  enjoyed,  and  in  the  earnest  wish  that  those 
who  may  follow  us  may  reap  an  abundant  harvest 
from  the  seed  we  shall  sow.  Proportions  vary,  rela- 
tions change.  The  mighty  march  which  has  been 
made  in  physical  science ;  the  carefully  guarded  secrets 
which  Nature,  pursued  and  tortured  in  a  thousand 
ways,  has  been  compelled  to  reveal ;  the  powers  and 
forces  which  have  been  discovered  and  applied  to  the 
service  of  man,  —  have  changed  the  relative  position 
which  the  arts  and  sciences  must  hereafter  occupy  in  any 
system  of  general  education.  The  literature  of  modern 
Europe,  including  that  of  our  own  English  tongue  to 
which  our  own  countrymen  have  contributed  much, 
could  not  be  said  to  have  had  an  existence  on  the  day 
when  our  college  was  founded.  It  necessarily  de- 
mands and  must  receive  a  larger  place  as  it  embodies 
what  is  best  and  noblest  in  modern  thought.  Yet  it 
does  not  follow  that  our  obligation  to  that  of  the 
classic  ages  is  to  be  denied  or  disowned.  Nor  need 
we  feel  that  what  has  done  so  much  to  dignify  and 
elevate  the  life  of  man  will  lose  its  genial  influence, 
that  the  language  immortalized  by  "  Tully's  voice  and 
Virgil's  lay  and  Livy's  pictured  page"  is  to  be  for- 
gotten, or  that  the  mighty  instrument  of  thought  and 


PRESIDENT  DEVEXS'S  ADDRESS.  257 

speech  with  which  Demosthenes  fulmined  over  Greece 
is  to  be  cast  aside  as  broken  and  useless. 

But  whatever  changes  are  to  come  to  our  University, 
its  faithful  spirit  in  the  culture  of  knowledge  is  not  to 
change ;  nor  will  it  ever  be  discouraged  in  the  attempt 
to  establish  the  foundations  of  that  noble  and  high 
character  which  makes  useful  men  able  in  their  own 
persons  to  exhibit  exalted  lives.  Apart  from  all  direct 
instruction,  religious  or  moral,  there  should  be  an  at- 
mosphere which  shall  impart  to  those  around  whom  it 
flows  an  inspiration  to  be  worthy  and  true.  In  the 
theocracy  of  the  Puritans,  those  educated  here  were  to 
be  its  churchmen,  statesmen,  and  leaders  of  its  people. 
All  this  is  changed ;  but  it  does  not  therefore  follow 
that  leaders  are  no  longer  to  exist.  We  have  passed 
out  from  the  age  of  authority,  but  the  foundations 
upon  which  authority  should  rightfully  exist  are  not 
therefore  destroyed.  There  was  never  a  time  when 
philanthropic  effort  met  a  more  generous  response, 
when  wise  and  mature  thought  met  higher  apprecia- 
tion, when  carefully  considered  utterance  found  larger 
audience,  or  when  educated  men  ready  to  perform 
the  great  duties  of  life  could  render  more  efficient 
service.  That  this  University  has  fulfilled  in  a  large 
measure  the  hopes  of  its  founders  in  the  broad  and 
general  aspects  in  which  its  anticipated  benefits  were 
presented  to  their  minds,  we  would  willingly  believe. 
The  list  of  its  scholars,  of  its  lovers  of  polite  literature, 
of  its  teachers,  its  scientists,  its  statesmen,  bears  honored 
and  illustrious  names.  But  it  is  not  upon  these  alone 
its  fame  is  to  rest.  Even  if  it  has  been  said  of  the 

17 


258  THE  ALUMNI  DAY. 

majority  of  men,  "  They  will  have  perished  as  though 
they  had  never  been,  and  will  become  as  though 
they  had  never  been  born,"  this  when  spoken  of  brave 
and  faithful  men  such  as  this  college  has  sent  forth 
by  hundreds  and  even  thousands  is  far  from  true. 
Our  vision  is  weak  and  narrow :  it  is  only  when  ser- 
vice is  marked  and  peculiar  that  to  our  eyes  it  be- 
comes apparent.  The  village  Hampdens,  "  the  mute, 
inglorious  "  Miltons,  do  not  perish  as  if  they  had  never 
been.  The  professional  men  who  in  their  day  have 
served  the  communities  in  which  they  dwelt,  —  the 
schoolmaster,  the  physician,  the  clergyman,  who  has 
not  only  taught  but  led  the  way  to  a  higher  life,  — 
have  found  here  their  moral  and  intellectual  training. 
Those  who  have  found  in  commerce  or  its  kindred 
pursuits  their  appropriate  sphere,  or  those  so  placed 
by  fortune  that  it  has  not  been  necessary  to  pursue 
the  gainful  callings  of  life,  have  been  made  here  men 
of  feeling  and  culture,  dignifying  and  elevating  the 
world  around  them.  Men  like  these  mould,  educate, 
and  control  society.  They  do  not  look  that  any 
laurel  wreath  of  fame  shall  adorn  their  brows :  it  is 
enough  for  them  that  they  are  brave  and  steadfast 
soldiers  in  the  great  army  by  whose  fidelity  and 
courage  the  world  advances. 

Nor  in  the  great  crises  of  the  nation  has  it  been 
found  heretofore  that  this  college  has  been  unworthy 
of  its  high  purpose.  In  the  struggles  by  which  the 
English  people  fought  their  own  way  to  civil  and  re- 
ligious liberty,  in  the  great  debate  which  preceded  the 
conflict  of  arms  with  Great  Britain  herself,  the  men 


PRESIDENT  DEVENS'S  ADDRESS.        259 

educated  here  were  ever  prominent.  All  the  signers 
of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from  Massachusetts 
were  its  children.  Nor  in  the  great  struggle  for  na- 
tional life  which  came  to  our  own  generation  were  its 
sons  wanting.  Certainly,  standing  in  this  Hall  which 
pious  care  has  reared  to  their  memory,  I  cannot  for- 
get the  young,  the  beautiful,  the  brave,  who  nobly 
perilled  or  who  nobly  surrendered  life  in  that  terrible 
conflict.  A  subject  race  has  been  rescued  from  bon- 
dage, a  nation  has  been  lifted  from  the  thraldom  to 
which  itself  had  been  condemned  by  its  own  tolera- 
tion, and  the  integrity  of  the  Union  has  been  estab- 
lished forever.  Such  a  cause  has  consecrated  those 
who  have  died  in  its  defence. 

By  these  festival  rites  we  surrender  to  the  century 
that  is  to  follow  this  University.  Adorned,  improved, 
and  with  greater  capacity  for  the  noble  work  of  edu- 
cation it  certainly  is ;  nor  will  we  forget  the  noble 
spirit  by  which  its  founders  were  actuated.  It  is 
not  necessary  to  accept  the  religious  dogmas  of  the 
Puritans,  or  to  attach  the  importance  they  did  to 
propositions  in  theology ;  but  we  must  admire  their 
spirit  of  self-sacrifice,  their  sincere  desire  to  elevate 
their  own  lives  by  a  faith  which  lifted  them  above 
all  that  was  ignoble  in  the  present,  and  gilded  with 
a  divine  light  all  that  was  sordid  around  them.  Far 
below  their  lofty  ideal  standards  they  fell  no  doubt, 
yet  these  were  ever  above  them.  Wealth,  rank, 
worldly  success  were  nothing;  where  truth  led  the 
way  they  were  to  follow;  what  duty  commanded, 
that  they  were  to  do.  To  them  much  that  we  see 


260  THE    ALUMNI    DAY. 

around  us  would  appear  strange;  these  splendid  edi- 
fices, these 

"  storied  windows  richly  diglit, 
Casting  their  dim,  religious  light," 

would  seem  at  variance  with  the  simplicity  they  loved ; 
but  we  will  not  doubt  our  communion  with  them  so 
long  as  we  are  loyal  to  truth  and  duty.  Nor  if  thus 
faithful,  will  we  doubt  that  the  calm  scholar  whose 
figure  moulded  by  a  skilful  hand  sits  in  perennial 
youth  at  our  portals,  were  he  to  come  again  in  bodily 
presence,  would  fail  to  recognize  us  as  the  children  for 
whom  his  bounty  was  intended. 

The  structure  that  has  been  reared  here  contains  in 
itself  all  the  elements  of  growth  and  permanence.  In 
each  age,  those  who  are  to  follow  us  shall  repair, 
restore,  and  renew  it  as  wisdom  and  knowledge  shall 
instruct  them.  The  sands  of  the  desert  are  piled  high 
above  the  monuments  which  Egyptian  kings  have 
reared  to  commemorate  their  conquests  and  their  re- 
nown; those  of  graceful  and  artistic  Greece,  and  of 
mighty  Rome,  crumble  and  fall  into  the  dust,  —  but 
if  their  sons  are  faithful,  against  this  edifice  of  our 
fathers  the  waves  of  time  shall  beat  in  vain.  No 
creeping  ivy  shall  throw  out  its  green  and  flaunting 
banner  from  ruined  battlements ;  but  above  its  tow- 
ers, strengthened  by  the  noblest  thought  of  each 
coming  age,  shall  float  forever  our  simple  word, 
"  VERITAS." 

At  the  conclusion  of  President  Devens's  address  the 
chorus  sang  "  Fair  Harvard,"  after  which  he  introduced  the 
President  of  the  University  as  follows  :  — 


CHARLES  W.  ELIOT'S  SPEECH.  261 

I  give  you,  brethren,  our  first  sentiment:  "  Our  Alma  Mater ! 
In  grateful  memory  of  her  instructions,  her  sons  come  to-day 
by  thousands  to  do  her  honor."  I  respectfully  request  Presi- 
dent ELIOT  to  respond. 

SPEECH  OF  CHARLES  WILLIAM  ELIOT. 

President  of  the   University. 
MR.  PRESIDENT:  GRADUATES  OF  HARVARD  COLLEGE: 

AT  this  high  festival,  in  which  tender  recollections 
and  hopeful  anticipations,  thanksgivings  for  the  past 
and  aspirations  for  the  future,  are  mingling,  we  all 
think  first  of  our  beloved  country,  — 

"  Old  at  our  birth,  new  as  the  springing  hours, 
Shrine  of  our  weakness,  fortress  of  our  powers, 
Consoler,  kindler,  peerless  'mid  her  peers,"  — 

and  we  salute  him  who  here  honorably  represents  her. 
[Colonel  Lee  proposed  three  cheers  for  the  President, 
which  were  heartily  given.] 

Next  we  give  thanks  and  praises  to  Massachusetts, 
colony,  province,  commonwealth.  Hers  was  the  far- 
seeing  and  far-reaching  act  we  celebrate;  hers  the 
generative  deed,  done  in  loneliness  and  poverty,  but 
in  faith.  To-day  fifty  millions  of  people  in  wealth 
and  strength  and  liberty  share  its  fruits. 

Then  we  greet  the  representatives  of  other  institu- 
tions of  learning  who  have  come  to  rejoice  with  us; 
and  we  welcome  the  men  distinguished  in  the  public 
service  and  the  professions,  in  letters,  science,  or  art, 
whose  favoring  presence  adds  lustre  to  our  assembly. 

To  all  these  guests  you,  the  graduates  of  Harvard 
College,  bid  hearty  welcome.  But  who  shall  wel- 
come the  welcomers?  You  need  no  welcome  here. 


262  THE    ALUMNI    DAY. 

Familiar  rooms  and  paths,  hands  of  comrades  and 
friends,  joyous  and  tender  memories  and  the  visions 
of  your  youth  have  welcomed  you. 

Why  has  this  throng  come  up,  out  of  the  bustle 
and  strife  of  the  forum  and  the  market-place,  to  our 
academic  seat  I  What  spirit  stirs  this  multitude  to- 
day 1  You  have  come  to  pay  homage  to  the  Univer- 
sity of  your  love,  and  through  it  to  all  universities ; 
because  in  them  truth  is  sought,  knowledge  increased 
and  stored,  literature,  science,  and  art  are  fostered,  and 
honor,  duty,  and  piety  are  taught.  The  spirit  in 
which  you  come  is  a  spirit  of  profound  and  well- 
grounded  hopefulness. 

The  brief  history  of  modern  civilization  shows  that 
in  backward  ages  universities  keep  alive  philosophy, 
and  in  progressive  ages  they  lead  the  forward  move- 
ment, guiding  adventurous  spirits  to  the  best  point  of 
onward  departure.  They  bring  a  portion  of  each 
successive  generation  to  the  confines  of  knowledge, 
to  the  very  edge  of  the  territory  already  conquered, 
and  say  to  the  eager  youth:  "Thus  far  came  our 
fathers.  Now  press  you  on  ! "  The  hope  of  man- 
kind depends  on  this  incessant  work  of  the  philo- 
sophical pioneer,  who  may  be  years,  or  generations, 
or  centuries  in  advance  of  the  common  march. 

And  universities  are  among  the  most  permanent  of 
human  institutions.  They  outlast  particular  forms  of 
government,  and  even  the  legal  and  industrial  insti- 
tutions in  which  they  seem  to  be  embedded.  Har- 
vard University  already  illustrates  this  transcendent 
vitality.  Its  charter,  granted  in  1650,  is  in  force  to- 


GEORGE  D.  ROBINSON'S  SPEECH.  263 

day  in  every  line,  having  survived  in  perfect  integ- 
rity the  prodigious  political,  social,  and  commercial 
changes  of  more  than  two  centuries.  And  still,  after 
more  than  two  centuries,  do  Winthrops,  Endicotts, 
Saltonstalls,  Bulkleys,  Danforths,  Rogerses,  Hoars,  and 
Wigglesworths  represent  at  these  tables  the  founders 
of  the  college  and  the  Commonwealth.  Here,  too,  by 
our  sides  sit  Adamses,  Quincys,  Cushings,  Paines, 
Wards,  Warrens,  Emersons,  and  Pickerings,  recalling 
the  qualities,  and  even  the  features,  of  our  heroes  of  the 
Revolutionary  period.  So  may  our  descendants  shout 
in  this  very  hall,  when  fifty  years  hence  the  President 
shall  recall  heroic  names  of  our  day,  and  shall  exhort 
another  generation  to  be  worthy  of  their  fathers'  fame. 
Then,  as  now,  may  the  graduates  of  Harvard  look 
backward  with  exultation  and  thanksgiving,  and  for- 
ward with  confidence  and  high  resolve. 

President  DEVENS  then  said :  At  our  tables  the  Common- 
wealth of  Massachusetts  sits  alike  as  a  host  and  as  a  guest, 
so  that  I  shall  follow  the  usual  custom,  even  before  announc- 
ing our  most  eminent  guest,  in  order  that  it  may  join  in  our 
welcome  to  him.  I  give  you  :  "  The  Commonwealth  of  Mas- 
sachusetts !  Our  gratitude  is  due  to  her  as  the  legitimate 
successor  of  the  colony  which  founded  Harvard  College." 

SPEECH    OF    GEORGE    D.    ROBINSON. 

Governor  of  Massachusetts. 

MR.  PRESIDENT,  —  The  State  of  Massachusetts  de- 
lights to  join  in  the  celebration  of  this  festival  occa- 
sion, which  marks  a  great  anniversary  in  the  life  and 
career  of  our  ancient  University.  Our  dear  Alma 


264  THE    ALUMNI   DAY. 

Mater  and  our  honored  and  progressive  Common- 
wealth have  come  down  the  centuries  together,  inti- 
mately allied  for  the  advance  of  sound  learning,  for 
a  larger  liberty,  for  a  more  intelligent  and  patriotic 
citizenship,  for  a  sympathetic  support  of  all  movements 
to  improve  the  condition  and  welfare  of  the  people, 
and  to  make  universal  the  blessings  of  civil  and  re- 
ligious freedom. 

To-day  Massachusetts  and  Harvard  University,  re- 
ceiving with  gratitude  the  congratulations  that  come 
from  all  parts  of  the  civilized  world  so  abundantly, 
unite  in  joyful  salutations  to  all  the  institutions  of 
learning  everywhere ;  to  the  common  schools  that 
stand  in  our  land  as  the  sure  bulwark  against  igno- 
rance and  oppression ;  to  the  sister  States,  those  con- 
temporaneous in  foundation  and  settlement,  and  those, 
too,  reared  in  the  later  time  and  established  in  peace 
and  prosperity  upon  the  virgin  soil  of  our  country. 
And  more  especially  do  we  regard  with  tender  but 
exultant  veneration  the  Union  of  the  States,  —  the 
mighty  republic  of  America.  And  so,  Mr.  President, 
there  is  rare  felicity  that,  as  we  stand  here  and  to- 
gether contemplate  the  triumphs  of  the  centuries  that 
have  passed,  we  are  in  the  presence  of  that  grand 
nation  born  of  the  impulses  that  sprang  up  here 
and  around  us;  and  we  are  permitted  to  signalize 
this  event  by  our  tributes  of  honor  and  appreciation 
to  the  distinguished,  able,  patriotic  chief  magistrate, 
the  President  of  the  United  States.  [The  audience 
broke  into  wild  cheering,  which  was  again  and  again 
renewed,  but  which  was  finally  quelled  by  a  depre- 


GEORGE  D.  ROBINSON'S  SPEECH.  265 

eating  wave  of  the  hand  from  President  Cleveland.] 
And  let  me  say,  sir  [turning  to  President  Cleve- 
land], what  I  know  is  in  the  hearts  of  all,  —  that 
in  whatever  of  effort  he  shall  make  for  sound  and 
just  government,  for  the  preservation  of  the  liberties 
of  the  people,  for  clean  politics,  for  incorruptible  ad- 
ministration of  the  momentous  trusts  of  his  office,  he 
will  find  himself  in  close  accord  with  the  high  aims 
that  actuated  the  founders  of  Harvard  College  and  of 
the  fathers  who  gave  us  our  beloved  Commonwealth. 

Receiving  to-day  with  abundant  gratitude  the  high 
honors  of  the  University,  I  bear  to  her  my  renewed 
allegiance;  and  I  salute  her  officers  and  my  fellow- 
graduates  with  cordial  thankfulness  and  fraternal  re- 
gard. It  is  the  record  of  history  that  in  the  earlier 
days  when  my  predecessors  in  the  gubernatorial  office 
visited  the  college,  they  held  all  their  conversations 
with  the  President  for  the  time  being  in  the  Latin 
language.  This  delightful  custom  has  latterly  fallen 
quite  into  disuse ;  and  the  present  occasion  marks  its 
complete  abandonment.  Indeed,  the  intercourse  be- 
tween the  high  officials  at  the  present  time  is  expressed 
in  words  quite  intelligible  and  widely  current ;  and  the 
honorary  degrees  of  the  great  University  have  to-day, 
for  the  first  time  in  her  history,  been  conferred  in  the 
welcome  vernacular. 

But,  sir,  I  know  no  higher  duty  at  this  time  than 
the  recognition  of  the  heroic  element  exemplified  in 
the  college  life  and  character.  When  in  1775  the 
immortal  Washington  took  command  of  the  assembled 
forces  of  New  England  before  the  walls  of  the  college, 


266  THE    ALUMNI    DAY. 

the  instructors  and  the  students,  exempt  from  the 
"burdens  of  military  service,  repaired  to  the  quieter 
precincts  of  Old  Concord,  and  the  halls  of  learning 
became  the  barracks  for  the  patriotic  soldiery  of 
America.  When  rebellion  threatened  the  destruction 
of  our  Union,  another  glorious  scene  was  enacted 
here.  The  college  sent  forth  her  best  and  her 
bravest;  and  their  deeds,  wrought  in  blood  and  in 
death,  were  immortalized  in  glory,  and  the  grateful 
survivors  of  the  alumni  have  reared  this  magnificent 
temple  and  placed  these  monuments  here  to  memo- 
rialize their  valor  and  their  sacrifice.  And  though 
one  of  our  own  poets  has  said,  — 

"  What 's  words  to  him  whose  faith  and  truth 
On  war's  red  touchstone  rang  true  metal  ? 
Who  ventured  life  and  love  and  youth, 
For  the  great  prize  of  death  in  battle,"  — 

yet  we  treasure  in  our  heart  of  hearts  these  grand 
memories  of  the  past  as  a  precious  heritage,  and  we 
garner  them  to-day  in  the  lap  of  our  dear  old  Mother 
as  the  rich  fruitage  of  her  triumph  and  her  renown. 

But,  sir,  time  does  not  suffice,  nor  is  it  for  one  voice 
alone  when  so  many  more  eloquent  are  awaiting  your 
summons,  to  recall  the  grand  record  of  the  past,  or  to 
express  in  prophetic  language  the  still  greater  future 
that  lies  before  this  revered,  dignified,  and  powerful 
institution.  I  know  there  is  nothing  better  for  me  to 
bespeak  for  Harvard  University  on  behalf  of  the 
Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts,  than  that  all  her  sons' 
in  the  coming  time,  standing  on  the  vantage-ground 
already  gained,  shall  make  their  lives  as  honorable,  as 
conspicuous,  as  beneficent  to  mankind  as  those  who 


GROVER  CLEVELAND'S  SPEECH.  267 

laid  the  foundations  here  in  devotion  to  learning,  to 
pure  religion,  to  sound  morals,  and  to  upright  citizen- 
ship. Venerable  Alma  Mater!  we  hail  thee  as  the 
mother  of  a  mighty  race. 

"  On  thy  brow 

Shall  sit  a  nobler  grace  than  now ; 
Deep  in  the  brightness  of  thy  skies 
The  thronging  years  in  glory  rise, 
And  as  they  fleet 
Drop  strength  and  riches  at  thy  feet." 

The  PRESIDENT  said :  It  has  been  with  the  sincerest  pleas- 
ure, brethren,  that  we  have  welcomed  here  the  President  of 
the  United  States.  We  welcome  him  personally  for  his  many 
merits  and  high  claims  to  individual  consideration.  We  wel- 
come him  politically  as  the  executive  head  of  the  great  nation 
of  which  Massachusetts  is  a  component  part.  All  of  us  are 
interested  in  the  success  of  his  administration,  and  most 
cordially  wish  it  success.  I  give  you,  then,  my  brethren : 
"  The  President  of  the  United  States  !  Wisdom  to  the  head, 
courage  to  the  heart,  strength  to  the  hand  always  of  him  who 
shall  bear  aloft  the  shield  on  which  are  emblazoned  the  arms 
of  the  American  Union." 


SPEECH  OF   GROVER  CLEVELAND. 

President  of  the  United  States. 

MR.  PRESIDENT  AND  GENTLEMEN  : 

I  FIND  myself  to-day  in  company  to  which  I  am 
much  unused  ;  and  when  I  see  the  alumni  of  the  oldest 
college  in  the  land  surrounding  in  their  right  of  sonship 
the  maternal  board  at  which  I  am  but  an  invited  guest, 
the  reflection  that  for  me  there  exists  no  alma  mater 
gives  rise  to  a  feeling  of  regret,  which  is  only  kindly 
tempered  by  the  cordiality  of  your  welcome  and  your 


268  THE    ALUMNI    DAY. 

reassuring  friendliness.  If  the  fact  is  recalled  that 
only  twelve  of  my  twenty-one  predecessors  in  office 
had  the  advantage  of  a  collegiate  or  university  educa- 
tion, a  proof  is  presented  of  the  democratic  sense  of 
our  people,  rather  than  an  argument  against  the  su- 
preme value  of  the  best  and  most  liberal  education  in 
high  public  positions.  There  certainly  can  be  no  suf- 
ficient reason  for  any  space  or  distance  between  the 
walks  of  a  most  classical  education  and  the  way  that 
leads  to  political  place.  Any  disinclination  on  the 
part  of  the  most  learned  and  cultured  of  our  citizens 
to  mingle  in  public  affairs,  and  the  consequent  aban- 
donment of  political  activity  to  those  who  have  but 
little  regard  for  the  student  and  the  scholar  in  politics, 
are  not  favorable  conditions  under  a  government  such 
as  ours.  And  if  they  have  existed  to  a  damaging  ex- 
tent, very  recent  events  appear  to  indicate  that  the 
education  and  conservatism  of  the  land  are  to  be  here- 
after more  plainly  heard  in  the  expression  of  popular 
will. 

Surely  the  splendid  destiny  which  awaits  patriotic 
effort  in  behalf  of  our  country  will  be  sooner  reached, 
if  the  best  of  our  thinkers  and  educated  men  shall 
deem  it  a  solemn  duty  of  citizenship  actively  and 
practically  to  engage  in  political  affairs,  and  if  the 
force  and  power  of  their  thought  and  learning  shall 
be  willingly  or  unwillingly  acknowledged  in  party 
management. 

If  I  am  to  speak  of  the  President  of  the  United 
States,  I  desire  to  mention,  as  the  most  pleasant  and 
characteristic  feature  of  our  system  of  government,  the 


GROVER  CLEVELAND'S   SPEECH.  269 

nearness  of  the  people  to  their  President  and  other 
high  officials.  The  close  view  afforded  our  citizens  of 
the  acts  and  conduct  of  those  to  whom  they  have  in- 
trusted their  interests,  serves  as  a  regulator  and  check 
upon  temptation  and  pressure  in  office,  and  is  a  con- 
stant reminder  that  diligence  and  faithfulness  are  the 
measure  of  public  duty. 

And  such  a  relation  between  the  President  and  the 
people  ought  to  leave  but  little  room  in  the  popular 
judgment  and  conscience  for  unjust  and  false  accusa- 
tions, and  for  malicious  slanders  invented  for  the  pur- 
pose of  undermining  the  people's  trust  and  confidence 
in  the  administration  of  their  government.  No  public 
officer  should  desire  to  check  the  utmost  freedom  of 
criticism  as  to  all  official  acts ;  but  every  right-think- 
ing man  must  concede  that  the  President  of  the  United 
States  should  not  be  put  beyond  the  protection  which 
American  love  of  fair  play  and  decency  accords  to 
every  American  citizen.  This  trait  of  our  national 
character  would  not  encourage,  if  their  extent  and  ten- 
dency were  fully  appreciated,  the  silly,  mean,  and 
cowardly  lies  that  every  day  are  found  in  the  columns 
of  certain  newspapers,  which  violate  every  instinct  of 
American  manliness,  and  in  ghoulish  glee  desecrate 
every  sacred  relation  of  private  life. 

There  is  nothing  in  the  highest  office  that  the 
American  people  can  confer  which  necessarily  makes 
their  President  altogether  selfish,  scheming,  and  un- 
trustworthy. On  the  contrary,  the  solemn  duties 
which  confront  him  tend  to  a  sober  sense  of  responsi- 
bility ;  the  trust  of  the  American  people  and  an  appre- 


270  THE    ALUMNI    DAY. 

elation  of  their  mission  among  the  nations  of  the  earth 
should  make  him  a  patriotic  man ;  and  the  tales  of 
distress  which  reach  him  from  the  humble  and  lowly 
and  the  needy  and  afflicted  in  every  corner  of  the 
land,  cannot  fail  to  quicken  within  him  every  kind  im- 
pulse and  tender  sensibility.  After  all,  it  comes  to 
this :  the  people  of  the  United  States  have,  one  and 
all,  a  sacred  mission  to  perform ;  and  their  President, 
not  more  surely  than  every  other  citizen  who  loves  his 
country,  must  assume  a  part  of  the  responsibility  of 
demonstrating  to  the  world  the  success  of  popular  gov- 
ernment. No  man  can  hide  his  talent  in  a  napkin  and 
escape  the  condemnation  his  slothfulness  deserves,  nor 
evade  the  stern  sentence  which  his  faithlessness  invites. 
Be  assured,  my  friends,  that  the  privileges  of  this 
day  so  full  of  improvement,  and  the  enjoyments  of 
this  hour  so  full  of  pleasure  and  cheerful  encourage- 
ment, will  never  be  forgotten ;  and  in  parting  with 
you  now,  let  me  express  the  earnest  hope  that  Har- 
vard's alumni  may  always  honor  the  venerable  institu- 
tion which  has  honored  them,  and  that  no  man  who 
forgets  or  neglects  his  duty  to  American  citizenship 
shall  find  his  alma  mater  here. 


PRESIDENT  D  EVENS  said :  I  would  like  to  remember  on  this 
occasion  both  the  founders  of  the  University  and  all  its  bene- 
factors. Those  of  the  benefactors  who  are  living  have  to-day 
our  warmest  gratitude ;  and  to-day  we  would  commemorate 
also  those  who  have  gone  before  us.  I  am  sure  there  is  no 
one  who  could  more  appropriately  answer  to  such  a  sentiment 
than  one  who  was  the  chief  marshal  of  the  celebration  fifty 
years  ago,  and  who  represents  in  his  own  person  John 


ROBERT  C.  WINTHROP'S  SPEECH.  271 

Winthrop.  There  is  no  need  that  I  should  speak  of  the 
esteem  in  which  we  who  are  his  brethren  hold  his  learning, 
eloquence,  and  patriotism,  nor  need  I  speak  of  the  esteem  in 
which  he  is  held  by  the  people  of  the  United  States.  You 
will  recognize  what  I  mean,  when  you  recall  the  fact  that 
within  the  past  five  years  he  has  been  chosen  by  the  unani- 
mous vote  of  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  to  represent 
its  people  on  two  most  important  anniversaries  in  the  national 
history.  I  give  you :  "  The  Founders  and  the  Benefactors  of 
Harvard  College !  May  the  seed  which  they  have  sown  be 
gathered  in  an  abundant  harvest."  I  respectfully  ask  Mr. 
WINTHROP  to  speak  a  few  words. 


SPEECH  OF  ROBERT  C.  WINTHROP. 

AND  they  must  be  a  very  few  words,  Mr.  President. 
I  almost  wish  that  I  could  have  been  spared  entirely 
from  this  call.  Yet  I  cannot  be  wholly  silent  to  such 
a  summons.  I  thank  you,  I  thank  you,  sir,  for  the 
kind  compliments  with  which  you  have  introduced 
me.  I  thank  you  all,  fellow-graduates  and  friends, 
for  your  cordial  and  cheering  reception.  But  I  feel 
that  the  best  way  in  which  I  can  exhibit  my  gratitude 
is  to  waste  none  of  the  precious  moments  of  this 
afternoon  in  any  vain  attempt  to  give  expression  to 
emotions  which  you  know  already  that  I  cannot  fail 
to  feel. 

I  am,  indeed,  most  happy,  sir,  to  be  recognized 
here  to-day  as  in  some  sort  the  representative  of  the 
grand  Harvard  Jubilee  fifty  years  ago.  I  remember 
doing  not  a  little  of  hard  work  for  that  occasion,  as 
Secretary  of  the  Committee  of  Arrangements  ;  while, 
as  Chief  Marshal  of  the  day,  it  was  my  privilege  to 


272  THE    ALUMNI    DAY. 

lead  off  on  their  winding  way  more  than  fifteen  hun- 
dred Alumni,  —  the  largest  number  ever  assembled 
here  before,  or  for  many  years  afterwards.  I  may  be 
pardoned  for  reminding  you  that  I  was  then  a  good 
deal  less  than  half  the  age  of  my  excellent  friend, 
Colonel  Lee,  who  has  marshalled  us  so  gallantly  to- 
day ;  and  my  pride  was  of  course  in  the  inverse  ratio 
of  my  years. 

I  look  back  on  that  long  procession  to  see  now  but 
a  host  of  shadows.  Of  the  Committee  of  Forty,  two 
only,  besides  myself,  are  left  among  the  living,  —  the 
pre-eminent  lawyer  of  Boston,  Sidney  Bartlett,  and 
our  illustrious  poet,  Oliver  "Wendell  Holmes,  who 
gave  us  a  charming  little  song  at  that  Jubilee,  and 
who  has  given  us  so  impressive  and  stirring  a  poem 
at  this ;  and  who,  we  all  rejoice  to  perceive,  has 
renewed  his  youth  like  the  eagle  by  that  brilliant 
flight  across  the  Atlantic,  and  by  that  rapturous  re- 
ception which  awaited  him  from  the  wits  of  Old 
England. 

Sir,  it  is  not  for  me  to  dwell  too  long  upon  the 
reminiscences  of  the  past.  But  it  was  only  a  day  or 
two  ago  that,  in  glancing  over  my  old  files,  I  found 
a  most  touching  reminder  of  that  last  Jubilee  in  the 
original  letter,  addressed  to  me  as  Secretary  of  the 
Committee,  by  the  eminent  Harrison  Gray  Otis, 
announcing  the  two  afflicting  bereavements  which 
prevented  him  from  presiding  at  the  banquet.  That 
letter  recalled  to  me  most  vividly  our  deep  indebted- 
ness to  an  ever  honored  and  lamented  friend  for 
supplying  his  place  so  grandly  at  such  short  notice, 


ROBERT  C.  WINTHROFS  SPEECH.  273 

and  rescuing  us  from  confusion  and  discomfiture. 
No  exigency,  however  sudden  or  momentous,  could 
ever  take  Edward  Everett  by  surprise.  He  was  the 
prince  of  Harvard  scholars  and  orators  of  that  day 
and  of  all  days,  full  of  facility  and  felicity,  —  to 
boiTOW  a  phrase  of  Lord  Bacon's,  —  imitating  none, 
and  inimitable  by  any.  His  bust  and  portrait  are 
overhanging  me  at  this  moment,  and  his  name  can 
never  be  forgotten  when  our  Alma  Mater  is  counting 
up  her  jewels,  as  she  is  so  proudly  to-day. 

But  I  must  not  linger  on  such  themes,  nor  indeed 
on  any  other  topic.  I  would  willingly  have  said 
a  word  or  two  on  some  of  those  Benefactors  and 
Founders  in  connection  with  whose  memory  you 
have  done  me  the  distinguished  honor  to  call  me  up. 
I  would  eagerly  have  said  something  in  particular 
about  that  young  graduate  of  Emmanuel,  whose 
name,  originally  given  to  a  single  college,  now  gives 
individuality  and  oneness  to  our  whole  University, 
e  pluribus  unum.  Of  his  lineaments,  alas !  we  have 
but  a  fancy  sketch,  and  even  his  lineage,  having  baf- 
fled all  research  for  two  centuries  and  a  half,  has  but 
just  been  revealed  by  what  one  might  almost  be 
pardoned  for  calling  a  miraculous  moving  of  the 
Waters.  Never,  I  think,  before  or  since,  was  such 
an  enduring  and  wide-spreading  fame  so  uncon- 
sciously won  as  that  of  John  Harvard ;  nor  is  there 
any  other  name  in  all  the  annals  of  literature  and 
learning  so  sure  to  hold  its  place  in  the  grateful 
and  affectionate  remembrance  of  generation  after 
generation  to  the  last  syllable  of  recorded  time. 

18 


274  THE  ALUMNI    DAY. 

But  there  is  another  still  younger  man  than  John 
Harvard  to  whom  I  should  have  been  glad  to  pay 
a  brief  tribute.  I  refer  to  that  very  young  man  who 
presided,  as  Governor,  over  the  little  General  Court 
of  Massachusetts  Bay  which  first  established  and  en- 
dowed this  college  in  1636.  You  have  named  him, 
sir,  and  have  quoted  the  familiar  line  of  John  Milton's 
sonnet,  — 

"  Vane,  young  in  years,  but  in  sage  counsel  old." 

But  that  sonnet  of  Milton  was  written  sixteen  years 
after  Vane  was  here  in  Massachusetts,  and  when  he 
was  still  only  forty  years  of  age.  He  was  but  twenty- 
four  years  old  when  he  must  have  approved,  and  per- 
haps signed  as  Governor,  the  ordinance  under  which 
this  University  was  founded  and  established.  It 
would  have  given  me  peculiar  pleasure,  as  a  lineal 
descendant  of  his  old  political  opponent,  to  assert  and 
vindicate  his  claim  to  share  with  John  Winthrop  the 
honors  of  this  occasion.  Whatever  other  controver- 
sies they  may  have  had  with  each  other,  they  were 
evidently  of  one  mind  and  of  one  heart  as  to  the 
founding  of  this  institution.  They  both  knew  what 
colleges  were.  They  brought  over  to  New  England 
personal  associations  with  the  great  universities  of 
Old  England.  Vane  had  been  a  student  at  Magda- 
len's, Oxford.  Winthrop  had  been  a  student  of 
Trinity  College,  Cambridge.  They  had  united  a 
few  months  earlier,  in  that  same  year  1636,  in  large 
subscriptions  for  the  free  schools  of  Boston.  Edu- 
cation in  all  its  grades,  as.  a  vital  necessity  of  the 
infant  colony,  was  plainly  at  the  heart  of  them  both 


ROBERT  C.   WINTHROP'S  SPEECH.  275 

alike.  Their  names  may  well  be  joined  in  all  our 
memories  to-day. 

The  young  Henry  Vane,  afterwards  Sir  Henry,  re- 
mained in  Massachusetts  only  two  years.  He  went 
back  to  England  in  1637,  and  participated  bravely 
and  heroically  in  the  great  struggle  for  English  lib- 
erty, and  left  his  name  at  last  on  that  illustrious  roll 
of  martyrs  on  which  are  to  be  found  the  names  of 
Sir  Walter  Raleigh  and  William  Lord  Russell  and 
Algernon  Sidney.  His  name  has  been  absorbed,  in 
later  generations,  in  a  title  which  has  a  special  and 
most  welcome  flavor  and  fragrance  for  us  here  to- 
day, —  the  ducal  title  of  Cleveland ;  and  I  would  say, 
Honor  to  that  name,  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic, 
whether  worn  by  English  Dukes  or  by  American 
Presidents. 

I  have  trespassed  on  you,  sir,  far  longer  than  I 
intended.  But  I  cannot  forget,  in  closing,  that  ex- 
cept the  charming  little  song  of  Dr.  Holmes,  which 
nothing  but  his  own  modesty  could  have  prevented 
from  finding  a  deserved  place  in  the  records,  I  am 
the  only  survivor  of  those  whose  voices  were  heard 
in  the  great  Jubilee  Pavilion  fifty  years  ago.  That 
Pavilion  resounded  for  four  or  five  hours  with  the 
eloquence  of  Quincy  and  Everett,  of  Shaw  and  Story, 
of  Saltonstall  and  Sprague,  and  of  Daniel  Webster,  — 
whose  presence  alone  was  enough  to  give  dignity 
and  grandeur  to  any  occasion  which  he  attended. 
Nor  must  I  omit  to  mention  among  those  speakers 
that  accomplished  and  eloquent  scholar  and  orator 
of  South  Carolina,  who,  only  seven  years  later,  at 


276  THE    ALUMNI    DAY. 

the  early  age  of  forty-six,  died  so  suddenly  and  sadly  at 
the  home  of  his  friend  George  Ticknor,  while  visiting 
Boston  as  Secretary  of  State  of  the  United  States. 

But  I  forbear  from  all  further  remark.  It  is  rarely 
given  to  any  one  to  speak  as  he  would  like  to  speak 
at  two  such  Jubilees,  half  a  century  apart  from  each 
other.  I  feel  sincerely  and  deeply  that  I  had  my 
turn  fifty  years  ago,  and  that  others  are  fairly  entitled 
to  their  turn  to-day,  more  especially  the  distinguished 
guests  from  other  colleges  and  from  other  climes, 
whom  we  are  all  so  impatient  to  hear  and  welcome. 
Need  I  add,  sir,  that  I  am  but  too  conscious  of  in- 
firmities of  age  and  health  and  voice,  which  incapaci- 
tate me  for  doing  justice  to  the  occasion  or  to  myself? 
Let  me  only,  as  I  resume  my  seat,  offer  to  my  beloved 
Alma  Mater,  on  this  auspicious  birthday  and  in  pres- 
ence of  so  many  of  her  assembled  sons,  my  earnest 
and  affectionate  hopes  and  wishes  and  prayers  for  her 
long  continued  and  ever  increasing  prosperity  and 
honor  in  scecula  sceculorum  ! 

The  PRESIDENT  said :  Brethren,  I  give  you,  "  Emmanuel 
College,  Cambridge,  England !  —  united  to  us  forever  by  the 
memory  of  John  Harvard."  I  will  ask  the  Rev.  Dr.  CREIGH- 
TON  to  address  us. 

SPEECH  OF  MANDELL  CREIGHTON. 

Professor  in  the  University  of  Cambridge,  England ;  and  delegate  from 
Emmanuel  College. 

Two  years  ago  Emmanuel  College  celebrated  the 
three  hundredth  anniversary  of  its  foundation  in  some 
such  way  as  you  are  doing  to-day.  On  that  occasion 


MANDELL  CREIGHTON'S  SPEECH.  277 

two  distinguished  alumni  of  Harvard,  —  Professor 
Lowell  and  Professor  Norton,  —  no  less  by  the  dignity 
of  their  presence  than  by  the  eloquence  of  their  speech, 
almost  succeeded  in  converting  our  festival  into  a  cele- 
bration of  Harvard  College  in  its  ancestral  soil  of  Eng- 
land. And  we  Emmanuel  men  were  glad  that  it  should 
be  so;  for  the  story  of  the  activity  of  Emmanuel 
College  is  merged  in  the  larger  history  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Cambridge,  and  forms  part  of  the  annals  of 
England  in  church  and  state,  in  society  and  literature. 
But  the  connection  of  Emmanuel  College  with  Har- 
vard University  is  an  episode  of  unique  picturesque- 
ness  in  academic  annals,  and  sets  Emmanuel  College 
in  a  conspicuous  place  in  the  intellectual  history  of 
mankind.  For  the  connection  between  Emmanuel 
and  Harvard  was  not  due  merely  to  accident.  Em- 
manuel owed  its  origin  to  the  same  movement  of 
thought  which  produced  your  Commonwealth,  and  the 
ideas  which  found  expression  on  the  coast  of  Massa- 
chusetts Bay  were  fostered  in  Sir  Walter  Mildmay's 
new  college  at  Cambridge.  Emmanuel  College  was 
founded  to  be  a  stronghold  of  the  Puritan  party  in 
the  days  when  they  were  waging  a  stubborn  and 
determined  war  for  the  possession  of  the  English 
Church.  The  fortunes  of  the  fight  turned  against 
them  in  the  days  of  Laud  and  Charles  I. ;  arid  in 
the  hour  of  their  discouragement  a  scanty  band  of 
resolute  men  set  their  faces  towards  this  shore,  that 
they  might  set  tip  here  that  form  of  society  which 
they  despaired  of  establishing  at  home.  It  was  not 
the  fault  of  Emmanuel  men  that  the  Puritans  were 


278  THE    ALUMNI    DAY. 

vanquished  in  England;  and  I  trust  that  I  am  not 
unduly  influenced  by  college  sentiment  if  I  say  that 
Emmanuel  men  were  the  intellectual  leaders  of  the 
New  England  colonists. 

The  pathetic  dignity  of  the  act  which  you  commem- 
orate to-day,  the  resolution  of  the  General  Court  to 
found  a  college,  has  been  eloquently  put  before  you. 
Let  me  carry  your  thoughts  a  little  further  to  the 
pathos  of  the  life  of  him  whom  you  have  agreed  to 
recognize  as  your  founder.  I  would  not  for  a  mo- 
ment be  supposed  to  disparage  research  of  any  kind, 
and  I  fully  recognize  the  industry  and  patriotism  which 
has  led  one  of  your  graduates  to  search  the  records  of 
John  Harvard's  life.  But  I  cannot  help  feeling  a  little 
glad  that  he  has  not  discovered  too  much.  To  me  the 
solitary  figure  of  the  unknown  scholar,  from  whom 
you  take  your  name,  has  a  special  significance  through 
its  very  indistinctness.  To  some  it  is  given  to  work 
out  their  ideas  through  a  long  course  of  intellectual 
production  or  of  public  service ;  others  can  only  ex- 
press themselves  in  some  one  decisive  act.  We  know 
enough  of  John  Harvard's  character  to  justify  our  ad- 
miration ;  we  know  that  he  was  devoted  to  the  spread 
of  learning  and  the  promotion  of  the  public  welfare. 
His  munificence  was  applied  to  further  the  object  of 
popular  aspiration.  What  the  scanty  revenues  of  the 
community  could  scarcely  compass  was  accomplished 
by  the  example  which  his  hopefulness  set  forth.  He 
was  at  once  a  scholar,  a  statesman,  a  philanthropist ;  a 
man  whom  Emmanuel  may  be  proud  to  have  trained, 
and  Harvard  may  be  proud  to  recognize  as  her  foun- 


MANDELL  CREIGHTON'S  SPEECH.  279 

der.  It  matters  not  that  John  Harvard  cannot  be 
shown  to  have  been  a  man  of  social  or  of  intellectual 
distinction.  It  may  be  that  John  Harvard's  teachers 
shook  their  heads  sadly  over  an  awkward  lad  who  sat 
silent  in  their  lecture-rooms;  but  the  names  of  John 
Harvard's  teachers  are,  I  fear,  forgotten,  while  John 
Harvard's  name  lives  and  is  venerated  to-day,  and 
judging  from  to-day's  enthusiasm  is  likely  to  live 
through  the  long  future  of  this  great  University. 
For  John  Harvard  learned  a  lesson  beyond  what  his 
teachers  could  impart ;  his  fine  sense  caught  the  spirit 
of  the  institution  which  had  inspired  his  intellectual 
life,  and  with  the  strength  of  that  spirit  he  could  in- 
spire others. 

It  is  true  that  learning  is  cosmopolitan,  and  knows 
no  distinction  of  place  or  clime ;  but  we  who  dwell 
by  the  banks  of  the  sluggish  Cam  rejoice  that  we  can 
see  in  John  Harvard,  ours  and  yours  alike,  a  bodily 
symbol  of  the  link  that  unites  us  with  you  who  have 
called  into  being  a  new  Cambridge  where  the  Charles 
River  broadens  into  the  Atlantic.  Our  efforts  as 
teachers  can  have  no  higher  aim  than  to  send  forth 
into  the  world  young  men  such  as  was  John  Harvard, 
"a  godly  gentleman  and  a  great  lover  of  learning." 
To  both  of  us  there  are  "  new  worlds  to  conquer  not  a 
few,"  new  places  which  the  light  of  knowledge  may 
illumine.  The  good  wishes  which  through  me  Em- 
manuel College  tenders  for  the  prosperity  of  this  great 
University  are  warm  and  heartfelt;  and  every  Em- 
manuel man  will  feel  himself  strengthened  for  our 
common  work  when  I  tell  him  how  cordial  is  the  wel- 


280  THE  ALUMNI  DAY. 


come  which  you  have  to-day  given  to  the  memory  of 
his  college. 

"  God  save  the  Queen  "  was  played  by  the  band  ;  then  the 
PRESIDENT  said :  Brethren,  we  have  here  represented  to-day, 
not  only  Emmanuel  College,  but  the  great  University  of  which 
it  forms  a  part.  The  careful  historian  has  estimated  that  in 
the  early  period  of  our  colony  there  were  among  its  teachers 
one  hundred  men  who  were  scholars  from  the  two  universi- 
ties of  Cambridge  and  Oxford.  Of  these,  seventy  came  from 
Cambridge  and  twenty  from  Emmanuel  College.  We  desire 
to  remember  Cambridge,  Oxford,  and  all  the  other  universities 
of  Europe.  I  will  invite  Rev.  Dr.  TAYLOR,  master  of  St.  John's 
College  of  Cambridge  University,  to  address  you. 


SPEECH   OP   CHARLES   TAYLOR. 

Master  of  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  England. 
MR.  PRESIDENT  AND  GENTLEMEN: 

I  AM  deeply  grateful  for  the  manifest  tokens  of  your 
good-will  toward  the  universities  and  colleges  of  Eu- 
rope, and  I  deem  it  a  high  privilege  to  be  your  guest 
and  the  delegate  of  my  own  University  on  this  historic 
occasion.  The  University  of  Cambridge  has  been  rep- 
resented at  congresses  and  anniversary  celebrations  in 
the  Old  World.  She  has  sent  her  delegates  to  the  heart 
of  Europe  and  to  its  Eastern  verge,  to  the  land  of  the 
Northmen  and  to  the  South;  but  I  can  truly  say, 
speaking  for  the  whole  body  corporate  which  I  repre- 
sent, that  of  all  such  gatherings  there  has  never  been 
one  that  could  vie  in  interest  for  us  with  this  vast 
and  brilliant  concourse  of  scholars  and  statesmen 
from  all  quarters  of  the  Western  Continent,  to  cele- 


CHARLES  TAYLOR'S  SPEECH.  281 

brate  the  two  hundred  and  fiftieth  anniversary  of  its 
first  and  foremost  University.  Cambridge  is  proud  to 
see  her  name  perpetuated  in  this  intellectual  focus  of 
the  New  World ;  to  see  its  most  ancient  college  named 
after  an  alumnus  of  one  of  her  own  colleges;  to  be 
able  to  count  among  her  graduates  some  of  the  most 
eminent  of  your  own,  as  Lowell,  Cooke,  Goodwin, 
Norton,  and  Holmes. 

Speaking  for  myself,  if  time  permitted,  I  might 
point  to  features  in  the  surroundings  of  this  place 
which  make  me,  an  Old  World  Cambridge  man,  feel 
at  once  almost  at  home  here.  But  above  all  I  find 
myself  among  a  people  whose  essential  character  has 
never  changed  since  their  forefathers  crossed  the  sea 
to  find  a  new  home  and  found  a  New  England  on 
these  shores.  They  were  men  wholly  devoted  to  the 
truth  as  they  apprehended  it,  and  resolved  to  hand 
down  their  light  unimpaired  to  the  generations  to 
come.  It  was  this  that  impelled  them  to  plant  the 
flag  of  freedom  in  a  New  World. 

As  I  entered  New  York  harbor  a  few  days  ago,  I 
saw  a  colossal  statue  of  the  Goddess  of  Liberty,  bear- 
ing in  her  hand  a  torch,  which  (I  was  told)  was  to  be 
lighted  for  the  first  time  on  the  evening  of  the  follow- 
ing day.  I  went  to  see  the  spectacle,  and  the  thought 
occurred  to  me  that  there  was  a  point  of  view  from 
which  the  symbol  of  liberty  enlightening  the  world 
was  inadequate  and  open  to  criticism.  It  did  not 
seem  to  me  to  do  justice  to  the  self-asserting  power  of 
the  truth,  to  which  the  record  of  all  human  progress 
testifies,  Magna  est  veritas  et  praevalet.  Liberty  herself 


282  THE  ALUMNI  DAY. 

is  the  outcome  of  enlightenment.  It  is  the  truth  that 
makes  men  free.  And  therefore  you  have  done  well 
to  set  Veritas  at  the  centre  of  your  college  seal,  as  on 
the  badges  that  we  wear  to-day. 

But  I  must  be  sparing  of  my  words  when  so  many 
are  still  to  be  called  upon  to  address  you.  May  Har- 
vard live  on  to  keep  many  such  jubilees  as  this  ;  and 
may  the  Cambridge  of  the  East  and  the  Cambridge  of 
the  West  remain  ever  one  in  heart  and  mind  as  they 
are  one  in  name. 

The  PEESIDENT  said :  Brethren,  I  have  the  pleasure  of 
informing  you  that  we  have  most  kind  messages  from  the 
University  of  Oxford  and  from  the  University  of  Heidelberg, 
which  you  will  see  in  our  published  proceedings.  The  Uni- 
versity of  Edinburgh  is  present  by  a  delegate,  whom  you  will 
all  most  gladly  welcome.  I  have  the  pleasure  of  introducing 
the  Right  Hon.  Sir  LYON  PLAYFAIR. 

SPEECH  OP   LYON  PLAYFAIR. 

Delegate  from  the  University  of  Edinburgh. 

I  AM  sure  that  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  which 
I  have  the  honor  to  represent  on  this  occasion,  will  be 
pleased  to  learn  that  you  have  thought  its  delegate 
worthy  to  receive  an  honorary  degree  from  your 
University.  There  has  long  been  a  friendly  feeling 
between  the  two  universities.  In  1771,  when  your 
great  Bostonian,  Benjamin  Franklin,  visited  Edin- 
burgh, he  drew  attention  to  the  remarkable  progress 
which  Harvard  University  was  then  making.  At  his 
recommendation,  the  University  of  Edinburgh  con- 
ferred honorary  degrees  on  Dr.  Cooper  and  Professor 


LYON   PLAYFAIE'S  SPEECH.  283 

Winthrop  of  Harvard,  as  well  as  on  Dr.  Stiles  of  Yale. 
Ever  since  then  there  has  been  a  loving  sympathy 
between  Harvard  and  Edinburgh.  In  some  points 
they  are  alike  in  the  character  of  their  studies,  but 
in  others  they  are  as  different  as  the  two  countries 
in  which  they  are  placed. 

In  America  you  have  a  boundless  extent  of  territory, 
with  every  variety  of  climate  and  produce.  That  is 
not  the  case  in  Scotland.  We  are  a  small  country, 
with  high  mountain  ranges,  having  an  arid  soil  and 
bleak  climate.  Our  coasts  are  inhospitable,  and 
washed  by  an  ocean  always  melancholy,  but  often 
rendered  tempestuous  by  the  keen  northern  winds. 
Coal  and  iron  exist  in  only  one  corner  of  the  coun- 
try, in  quantity  insufficient  to  give  to  it  a  man- 
ufacturing character.  Nevertheless,  Scotland  is  a 
prosperous  nation ;  and  its  contentment  and  pros- 
perity are  due  to  its  schools  and  four  universities. 
For  many  years  it  was  thought  to  be  a  pious  duty 
of  the  Scotch  Church  to  find  out  boys  of  talent,  or  in 
the  language  of  my  countrymen,  "laddies  of  pregnant 
pairts,"  who  were  sent  up  to  the  universities  from  the 
farthest  parts  of  Scotland  if  their  mental  pregnancy 
was  assured,  and  they  were  maintained  by  church 
collections,  bursaries,  or  subscriptions.  Thus  our  uni- 
versities got  a  practical  character  very  different  from 
those  of  England,  and  are  in  actual  touch  with  its 
whole  population.  Oxford  and  Cambridge  could 
carry  on  education  for  its  own  sake ;  but  the  Scotch 
universities  based  their  instruction  on  the  learned 
professions,  which  have  been  liberalized  by  academic 


284  THE    ALUMNI    DAY. 

teaching  and  academic  influences.  The  English  uni- 
versities are  attended  by  rich  students ;  the  Scotch 
universities  by  poor  students.  The  difference  as  to 
the  result  was  that  English  universities  aimed  at 
teaching  its  graduates  to  spend  a  thousand  pounds 
a  year  with  dignity  and  intelligence,  while  the  Scotch 
universities  taught  men  to  make  a  thousand  pounds  a 
year  with  dignity  and  intelligence. 

If  I  read  the  history  and  practice  of  Harvard  Uni- 
versity aright,  you  stand  midway  between  these  two 
systems.  You  have  many  men  of  wealth  in  this 
country,  and  you  are  trying  to  impress  upon  their 
sons  the  dignity  of  learning  and  the  duty  of  advanc- 
ing knowledge  by  research  and  original  investigations. 
Your  museums,  your  laboratories,  your  observatories 
are  admirably  calculated  to  give  instruction  and  to 
assist  in  advancing  the  boundaries  of  science.  But 
your  country  is  at  the  same  time  characterized  by 
its  industrial  activities,  and  you  have  not  lost  sight 
of  your  duty  to  give  sound  experimental  knowledge 
to  those  who  are  to  engage  in  them,  leaving  detailed 
instruction  to  such  institutions  as  the  remarkable 
Technological  College  of  Boston.  This  combination 
of  teaching  knowledge  for  itself  with  a  view  to  high 
purposes  of  human  development,  and  at  the  same  time 
of  showing  how  it  may  be  applied  to  the  useful  pur- 
poses of  life,  especially  in  the  learned  professions,  is 
a  wise  conception  of  a  university  in  a  country  of  such 
remarkable  progress  as  the  United  States. 

I  am  proud,  by  the  degree  which  you  have  con- 
ferred upon  me,  now  to  belong  to  Harvard  Uni- 


TIMOTHY  DWIGHT'S  SPEECH.  285 

versity,  which  is  so  remarkable  for  its  fulfilment  in 
the  past,  and  which  has  so  much  promise  of  devel- 
opment in  the  future.  Bacon  calls  universities  some- 
times the  eyes,  sometimes  the  lanthorns  of  a  nation. 
May  Harvard  University  long  be  a  lanthorn,  —  a 
Pharos  founded  on  the  rock  of  democracy,  —  clearly 
burning  and  brightly  shining,  so  as  to  indicate  to  a 
country  of  wonderful  growth  and  prosperity  that  the 
expansion  of  its  public  intellect  and  the  advancement 
of  the  boundaries  of  knowledge  for  its  own  sake  and 
not  merely  for  its  applications,  are  the  highest  duty 
and  highest  boast  of  modern  civilization. 

The  PRESIDENT  said :  Brethren,  we  have  received  from  San 
Francisco  a  most  kind  message,  that  all  our  graduates  on  the 
Pacific  coast  propose  to  dine  together  this  evening  at  7  o'clock. 
I  assumed  that  I  had  your  authority  to  say  to  them  that  the 
brethren  assembled  in  these  college  halls  sent  them  their  most 
cordial  congratulations. 

And  now,  brethren,  I  propose  to  you  :  "  Our  Sister  Universi- 
ties, Colleges,  and  Schools !  Wherever  in  the  broad  land  their 
temples  rise,  we  send  them  salutation  and  greeting,  with 
earnest  wishes  for  their  prosperity  and  usefulness."  And  I 
will  ask,  as  the  first  response  to  that  toast,  that  we  may  hear 
from  the  Rev.  Dr.  DWIGHT,  of  Yale  University. 


SPEECH  OF  TIMOTHY  DWIGHT. 

President  of  Yale  University. 
ME.  PRESIDENT  AND  GENTLEMEN  : 

IT  is  in  accordance  with  a  most  interesting  custom 
which  has  come  down  to  us  from  earlier  days,  that  in 
the  sentiment  just  expressed  you  speak  of  our  uni- 


286  THE  ALUMNI  DAY. 

versities  as  "  sisters."  They  are  sisters  in  one  family, 
for  they  are  daughters  of  a  common  mother,  —  the 
Truth.  Although  as  they  move  onward  through  the 
course  of  their  life  they  are  separated  in  their  dwelling- 
places,  they  are  yet  bound  together  by  a  sacred  bond ; 
and  while  they  carry  the  same  inheritance  along  dif- 
ferent pathways,  they  ever  look  for  the  blessing  which 
the  common  mother  would  bestow  upon  all  alike. 

Of  these  university  sisters  in  America,  Harvard  is  the 
oldest ;  and  this  is  her  birthday,  her  most  memorable 
birthday.  Through  your  kind  courtesy  I  am  here 
as  the  representative  of  the  one  next  younger  than 
Harvard  in  the  sisterhood.  By  a  somewhat  singular 
coincidence,  it  chances  to  be  the  fact  that  the  oldest 
university  except  your  own  sends  to  you  in  my  person 
the  youngest  in  office  among  the  presidents  of  all  these 
collegiate  institutions.  It  would  seem  not  unfitting 
that  it  should  be  so,  for  when  the  younger  daughters 
come  to  greet  the  eldest  on  her  festive  day,  a  beauti- 
ful custom  often  followed  in  our  households  places  the 
youngest  of  all  the  children  in  the  whole  circle  of  the 
family  at  the  head  of  the  procession  which  is  to  bear 
the  greeting  and  congratulation.  As  the  youngest  of 
these  officers  in  term  of  service,  I  present  myself 
before  you  in  the  name  of  all,  that  I  may  offer  to 
you  our  common  salutation,  and  may  give  expression 
to  the  wish  that  Harvard  University  may  go  forward 
in  a  prosperous  career  for  the  next  two  hundred  and 
fifty  years,  and  far  beyond  that  period,  and  may  find 
continually  increasing  success  and  honor  as  the  years 
and  generations  pass  away. 


TIMOTHY  DWIGHT'S  SPEECH.  287 

And  now,  sir,  let  me  say  a  word  or  two  for  myself. 
Of  the  graduates  of  Harvard  College  in  its  first  class, 
1642,  two  have  an  ancestral  connection  with  me, 
although  I  am  not  a  lineal  descendant  of  either  of 
them.  One  of  these  first  graduates  was  John  Wilson, 
who  married  a  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Hooker, 
the  first  minister  of  Hartford,  Connecticut.  Thomas 
Hooker  was  a  direct  ancestor  of  mine.  The  other 
was  George  Downing,  whose  father,  Einanuel  Down- 
ing, married  the  sister  of  John  Winthrop  ;  and  the 
daughter  of  Emanuel  Downing  and  Lucy  Winthrop 
I  may  claim  as  a  direct  ancestress  of  mine.  I  may 
take  to  myself,  therefore,  some  share  in  the  inherit- 
ance which  belongs  to  the  family  of  Governor  Win- 
throp. And  as  I  find,  in  looking  into  the  history  of 
Harvard  College,  that  when  it  was  first  founded  a 
provision  was  made  that  no  meeting  of  the  corpora- 
tion should  carry  on  its  business  unless  Governor 
Winthrop,  or  the  lieutenant-governor,  or  the  treasurer 
of  the  State  should  be  present,  I  feel  that  I  have  also 
a  sort  of  hereditary  claim  upon  Harvard  College  itself. 
Certainly  I  have  a  present  claim  upon  it,  for  I  discover 
to-day,  to  my  great  surprise,  that  I  have  become  a 
graduate  of  Harvard  College.  Let  me  say,  sir,  with- 
out offence  to  my  friend  President  Eliot,  that  I  have 
obtained  my  degree  according  to  the  provisions  of 
the  elective  system,  and  that  during  the  course  which 
has  terminated  in  this  degree  I  have  adopted  that 
method  which  some  of  the  enemies  of  the  elective 
and  voluntary  system  charge  upon  it  as  one  of  its 
evils,  —  namely,  I  have  absented  myself  from  the 


288  THE    ALUMNI  DAY. 

exercises  during  the  whole  period.  But  notwith- 
standing this,  sir,  the  President  declared  to  you  in 
the  morning  exercises  that  I  had  graduated  with  the 
highest  honors  which  the  University  can  bestow.  I 
wish,  sir,  to  acknowledge  my  obligations  to  the 
elective  system. 

As  President  Eliot  and  myself  are  now  both  of  us 
graduates  of  Harvard  College  and  also  of  Yale  Col- 
lege, what  reason,  let  me  ask,  can  there  be  why  Yale 
College  and  Harvard  College  shall  not  move  onward 
side  by  side  into  the  university  life  of  the  future, 
each  rejoicing  in  the  other's  prosperity  ?  So  far  as 
my  efforts  and  work  are  concerned,  I  am  sure  that 
there  will  be  no  want  of  generous  sj^mpathy  and 
friendship  between  these  two  oldest  universities,  for 
the  names  of  honored  men  of  the  olden  time  in  the 
history  of  both  —  Winthrop  and  Edwards,  in  union 
with  that  which  came  to  me  by  inheritance  —  are 
borne  by  one  of  my  children,  a  sweet  spirit  that  came 
to  my  household  from  the  unseen  realm  a  few  years 
ago,  and  thus  are  familiar  to  me  as  words  in  the  daily 
use  and  conversation  of  the  family  life.  The  name  of 
Winthrop  speaks  of  this  ancient  college ;  that  of 
Edwards  is  representative  of  Yale,  and  also  of  a 
benediction  which  Yale  gave  to  Princeton ;  and  my 
own  ancestral  name  bears  witness  for  Yale  College. 
I  cannot .  better  close  these  few  words  of  greeting, 
therefore,  than  by  offering,  as  the  sentiment  which  I 
personally  bring  to  you,  this  hearty  wish :  May  these 
universities,  these  two  oldest  universities  of  our  coun- 
try, be  closely  united  together ;  and  may  the  blessing 


JAMES  B.   ANGELL'S  SPEECH.  289 

of  God  rest  upon  them  as  the  blessing  of  God  rested 
upon  my  household  when  the  honored  names  of  which 
I  have  spoken  were  united  in  one  within  it. 

The  PRESIDENT  said :  Brethren,  I  shall  call  up  in  response 
to  the  same  sentiment  the  President  of  the  University  of 
Michigan,  who  represents  not  only  the  colleges  of  the  West, 
but  the  great  system  of  instruction  which  is  carried  on  in 
those  universities  that  are  supported,  almost  if  not  entirely, 
by  the  States.  I  present  to  you  President  ANGELL,  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Michigan. 


SPEECH  OF  JAMES   B.  ANGELL. 

President  of  the  University  of  Michigan. 

MR.  PRESIDENT,  —  As  a  delegate  from  the  young 
West,  having  travelled  further,  I  think,  than  any  other 
delegate  except  our  distinguished  friends  from  beyond 
the  sea  to  be  here,  I  feel  a  certain  hesitancy  in  ac- 
cepting the  very  honorable  and  very  pleasing  duty  to 
which  you  have  called  me ;  for  these  sister  universi- 
ties, a  numerous  and  learned  constituency,  are  many 
of  them  venerable  with  years  and  with  honors,  and  we 
in  the  West  are  so  very  young.  Why,  sir,  our  mod- 
esty, our  self-depreciating  spirit,  has  been  growing 
only  about  fifty  years.  Even  the  modesty  of  our 
Duluth  and  Chicago,  which  have  attained  such  co- 
lossal proportions,  have  had  only  half  a  century  in 
which  to  bring  their  product  to  its  bright  consummate 
flower  and  fruit.  But,  sir,  I  am  sure  that  I  worthily 
represent  the  sister  colleges  when  I  say  that  there  is 
not  one  of  them,  from  the  eldest  to  the  very  youngest, 
which  does  not  delight  to  recognize  their  obligations 

19 


290  THE    ALUMNI   DAY. 

to  this  elder  sister,  on  whose  model  we  all  have 
builded,  and  at  whose  shrine  we  all  have  kindled  our 
lamps. 

We  are  thankful  that  we  are  permitted  by  your  hos- 
pitality to  come  up  here  to-day  and  to  join  with  you 
in  expressions  of  gratitude  to  the  early  benefactors  of 
this  institution ;  for  we  are  their  debtors  hardly  less 
than  you.  The  glowing  words  in  which  your  great 
master  of  classic  eloquence,  Edward  Everett,  when 
fifty  years  ago  he  was  occupying  the  chair  which  you 
adorn  to-day,  celebrated  the  first  appropriation  of  the 
General  Court  to  the  infant  college  as  the  earliest  ex- 
ample in  history  of  a  people  voluntarily  taxing  them- 
selves for  the  support  of  education,  are  every  year 
recited  with  unction  to  the  legislators  of  the  Western 
States,  and,  I  am  happy  to  say,  not  without  stimulating 
them  to  imitation  of  your  first  legislative  assembly. 
The  splendid  gifts  of  your  Hollises  and  Holworthys 
from  beyond  the  sea,  and  of  your  Harvards  and  Win- 
throps  and  Saltonstalls  and  the  whole  glorious  com- 
pany of  their  associates  on  this  side  of  the  sea,  have, 
like  the  widow's  mite,  and  like  all  other  hallowed 
gifts,  been  endowed  by  God  with  the  blessed  power 
of  indefinite  reproduction  in  all  sections  of  the  land. 
The  familiar  story  of  the  heroic  self-denial  with  which 
your  ancestors,  while  yet  in  their  new  settlement,  un- 
furnished with  many  of  the  essential  comforts  of  civil- 
ized life,  shared  their  scanty  harvests  of  corn  with  your 
treasury,  and  stripped  their  meagrely-furnished  tables 
of  their  heirlooms  of  silver  and  porcelain  to  aid  the 
college,  has  now  these  two  hundred  years  been  melt- 


JAMES  B.  ANGELL'S  SPEECH.  291 

ing  the  hearts  and  kindling  the  enthusiasm  and  un- 
loosing the  purse-strings  of  thousands  of  men  on 
whom  the  American  colleges  have  depended  for  their 
very  existence. 

The  gospel  which,  we  are  told,  has  been  preached 
and  accepted  in  these  streets,  that  no  Bostonian  may 
cherish  a  reasonable  hope  of  future  felicity  until  he 
has  provided  in  his  will  for  a  generous  gift  to  Har- 
vard, all  the  rest  of  us  have  been  proclaiming,  mutatis 
mutandis,  in  the  neighborhood  of  our  various  colleges. 
And  as  those  of  us,  out  of  Massachusetts  at  least,  are 
very  orthodox,  we  have  given  no  man  any  ground  for 
hoping  that  on  this  question  there  is  any  second 
probation. 

Yet  further,  —  not  to  speak  of  your  high  service  to 
us  all  in  holding  up  the  best  standard  of  culture,  since 
the  limit  of  time  forbids,  —  we  are  all  under  obliga- 
tions to  Harvard  for  her  brave  experimentations  on 
college  and  university  problems.  Many  here  can  re- 
call the  apathy  on  such  subjects  which  prevailed  in  the 
third  and  fourth  decades  of  this  century.  Even  the 
iconoclastic  attacks  of  my  old  teacher,  Dr.  Wayland 
(clarum  et  venerdbile  nomen  !  ),  when  he  came  thunder- 
ing down  as  with  the  hammer  of  Thor  on  old  beliefs 
and  old  ways,  hardly  startled  college  circles  from  the 
traditional  belief  that  the  old-fashioned  college  curricu- 
lum must  be  as  unchangeable  as  a  Buddhist  liturgy. 
But  here  the  movement  which  George  Ticknor  started 
long  ago  finally  brought  forth  results.  Especially 
under  the  present  vigorous  administration  there  have 
been  such  exhaustive  study  and  such  courageous  ex- 


292  THE  ALUMNI  DAY. 

perimenting,  that  the  excitement  and  stir  have  reached 
even  the  remotest  country  college  and  the  most  se- 
cluded village  academy ;  and  the  discussion  of  college 
problems  divides  with  the  discussion  of  tariffs,  civil 
service  reform,  and  party  politics  the  columns  of  the 
secular  newspapers.  This  has  made  an  epoch.  Never 
before  did  the  college  and  the  people  get  so  near  to- 
gether. Those  who  do  not  accept  the  doctrines  in 
favor  here  and  those  who  do  are  alike  indebted  to 
you,  for  we  have  all  been  stirred.  In  college  life  as 
in  all  life,  anything  is  better  than  stagnation.  Those 
who  differ  from  you  have  had  the  profound,  the  deli- 
cious satisfaction  of  showing  even  Harvard  that  she 
can  be  in  error.  Those  of  us  who  agree  with  you  in 
the  main  have  had  the  yet  higher  satisfaction  of  enjoy- 
ing your  companionship  in  the  new  ways.  It  is 
simple  justice  to  you  to  say  that  it  is  largely  due  to 
you  that  educational  problems  are  studied  afresh  in 
the  light  of  the  facts  and  news  of  to-day  as  they 
never  were  studied  before. 

Now,  finally,  as  you  have  done  so  much  for  us  in 
the  past,  we  beg  you,  fresh  in  your  eternal  youth,  to 
push  forward  toward  that  bright  goal  which  ever 
draws  us  on,  —  the  full  development  of  the  American 
university.  You  have  many  advantages  for  marching 
in  the  van.  Be  assured  no  petty  jealousies  on  our 
part  shall  check  you  in  the  race.  On  the  contrary 
we  beg  you  to  push  on  ;  we  bid  you  God-speed ! 

The  PRESIDENT  said :  Brethren,  we  hope  to  hear  from  the 
colleges  of  the  South,  and,  above  all,  from  that  most  interest- 
ing of  universities,  —  the  University  of  Virginia,  connected 


FRANCIS  ROBERT  RIVES'S  SPEECH.  293 

so  intimately  with  the  name  of  Thomas  Jefferson ;  and  it  is 
with  great  pleasure  that  I  announce  that  Mr.  FRANCIS  R.  RIVES 
is  present  as  delegate  from  the  University  of  Virginia,  and  I 
hope  we  may  hear  a  few  words  from  him. 


SPEECH  OF  FRANCIS  ROBERT  RIYES. 

MR.  PRESIDENT,  —  The  University  on  whose  behalf 
I  am  present  is  but  a  child  beside  the  venerable  an- 
tiquity of  Harvard  and  other  institutions  of  learning 
here  represented ;  and  it  is  a  proverb,  you  know,  that 
children  should  be  seen  and  not  heard.  But,  sir,  the 
cordial  kindness  with  which  you  have  called  upon  me 
leads  me  to  speak,  —  at  least  for  a  moment. 

The  author  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  was 
the  father  of  the  University  of  Virginia,  and  the  high 
estimation  in  which  he  held  Harvard  is  attested  by  his 
earnest  efforts,  unsuccessful  though  they  were,  to  have 
among  its  first  professors  your  Bowditch  and  your 
Ticknor.  He  then  turned  to  that  fruitful  source  of 
inspiration  to  your  early  founders,  —  the  Cambridge 
of  Old  England.  That  far-seeing  philosopher  pro- 
vided that  every  student  of  the  University  of  Virginia 
should  be  free  to  attend  the  schools  of  his  choice. 
He  did  this  more  than  sixty  years  ago ;  and  in  some 
^respects  at  least  you  of  Harvard  have  of  late  adopted 
his  provision,  by  giving  a  wider  election  in  academic 
studies.  He  also,  as  naturally  became  the  author  of 
the  statutes  of  Virginia  for  religious  freedom,  guarded 
against  any  obligatory  attendance  upon  public  wor- 
ship; and  I  think  I  may  say  to  you  in  reference  to 


294  THE  ALUMNI  DAY. 

your  recent  regulation  on  this  subject,  that,  from  our 
experience,  it  will  conduce  to  the  cause  of  true  re- 
ligion. 

Mr.  President,  I  shall  go  back  to  Virginia  and  tell 
witli  what  joy  I  saw  Harvard  to-day  confer  the  de- 
gree of  Doctor  of  Laws  upon  one  who  was  for  a  long 
time  a  most  honored  professor  in  the  University  of 
Virginia.  That  University  would  have  performed  the 
same  office  for  him,  but  that  Mr.  Jefferson,  in  the 
rules  he  prescribed  for  its  government,  had  abso- 
lutely prohibited  the  conferring  of  any  honorary  de- 
gree ;  and  I  note  with  interest  that  within  the  past 
fortnight  a  distinguished  University  of  the  North  has 
decided  in  future  to  prohibit,  for  itself,  the  granting 
of  honorary  degrees. 

I  hope,  sir,  with  ardent  hope,  that  Harvard  may 
live  in  prosperity  to  celebrate  with  ever  increasing 
glory  its  full  millennial  anniversary ;  and  that  between 
Harvard  and  the  University  which  I  have  the  honor  to 
represent  the  ties  of  friendship  may  grow  closer  and 
closer  as  time  flies  on. 

The  PEESIDENT  said :  Brethren,  I  desire  to  call  your  atten- 
tion not  only  to  our  scholars,  but  to  those  of  our  graduates 
and  of  our  friends  from  other  colleges  who  have  rendered 
public  service  in  the  halls  of  legislation  and  in  other  of  its 
most  important  transactions.  I  give  you :  "  The  public 
service  !  The  contribution  of  true,  wise,  and  learned  men 
which  Harvard  has  heretofore  made  to  its  needs  has  been 
large  and  generous.  It  will  not  be  diminished  hereafter." 
And  I  respectfully  ask  Senator  HOAR  to  respond  to  this 
sentiment. 


GEORGE  F.  HOAR'S  SPEECH.  295 


SPEECH  OF   GEORGE  F.   HOAR. 

United  States  Senator  from  Massachusetts. 

YOUR  courtesy,  Mr.  President,  winch  never  fails, 
finds  many  devices  to  justify  the  exercise  of  your 
authority.  But  I  wish  to  speak  here,  to-day,  only  by 
my  most  honorable  and  precious  title,  —  that  of  a  son 
and  a  lover  of  Harvard.  For  the  last  fifty  years  the 
college  has  made  few  contributions,  in  number,  to 
the  public  life  of  the  country.  There  have  been  but 
three  of  her  graduates  in  the  Senate  of  the  United 
States  since  Mr.  Everett  left  it  in  1854.  There  have 
been  but  five  for  fifty  years.  Whether  this  be  bad 
for  her  or  not,  I  will  not  undertake  to  say.  It  has 
been  in  my  judgment  bad  for  the  public  service. 

But,  after  all,  Harvard  has  contributed  her  full 
share  of  those  things  by  which  the  generations  are 
remembered.  We  have  had  lessons  enough  to  make 
us  cautious  of  accepting  contemporary  judgments. 
But  as  they  recede,  the  time  comes  when  the  gene- 
rations of  men  are  compared  with  each  other.  What  is 
accidental  and  passing  disappears.  The  world  makes 
its  permanent  and  commonly  final  estimate  of  the 
great  forces  and  the  great  men  who  determine  the 
current  of  history. 

I  think  it  must  be  admitted  that  whenever,  from  the 
beginning  of  our  history,  Massachusetts  has  had  a 
primacy  or  leadership  in  the  country,  Harvard  has 
furnished  leadership  to  Massachusetts.  In  the  day  of 
the  Puritans,  when  the  foundations  of  empire  were 


296  THE  ALUMNI  DAY. 

laid,  the  college  was  not  so  much  the  child  of  the 
Commonwealth  as  part  of  the  Commonwealth  itself. 
The  church,  the  general  court,  the  town,  the  college, 
were  the  four  voices  by  which  the  State  spoke. 

If  you  come  to  the  great  debate  of  liberty  which 
decided  the  Revolution  before  a  gun  was  fired,  the 
six  men,  with  whom  no  other  Massachusetts  name  of 
that  generation  is  mentioned  —  John  Hancock  and 
Sam  Adams,  Joseph  Warren  and  James  Otis,  John 
Adams  and  Josiah  Quincy  —  were  all  Harvard  men. 

Massachusetts  divides  with  Virginia  the  foremost 
honors  of  the  Revolution.  She  has  no  rivals  for  the 
greater  honor  of  forming  and  instructing  that  popular 
sentiment  which  gave  freedom  to  the  slave.  Here, 
perhaps,  the  leadership  of  Harvard  men  is  less  exclu- 
sive. But  she  contributed  to  that  cause  Dr.  Channing, 
John  Quincy  Adams,  President  Quincy,  Charles  Sum- 
ner,  Richard  Dana,  Wendell  Phillips,  the  Muse  of 
Longfellow,  the  wit  of  Hosea  Biglow,  —  that  brave 
little  king-bird  who  used  to  drive  the  buzzards  from 
the  sky,  —  the  pen  of  Palfrey,  who  attacked  slavery 
with  a  vigor  that  Junius  never  reached,  and  with  a 
moral  purpose  of  which  he  was  incapable. 

It  is  hazardous,  for  me  I  am  afraid  it  is  presumptu- 
ous, to  undertake  to  say  what  posterity  will  regard  as 
the  glory  of  Harvard  and  of  Massachusetts  for  the  gen- 
eration which  is  now  passing  from  the  stage.  As  we 
look  back  upon  mediaeval  Italy,  four  laurelled  heads 
come  out  upon  the  canvas.  So  it  seems  to  me  that 
when  almost  everything  else  that  we  are  doing  or  say- 
ing is  forgotten,  our  group  of  six  famous  poets,  —  all 


GEORGE  F.  HOAR'S  SPEECH.  297 

of  them  sons  of  Massachusetts,  three  of  them  sons  of 
Harvard  by  nurture,  and  one,  yes,  now  two  by  adop- 
tion, —  will  still  be  shining  in  the  sky.  Science  will 
remember  Agassiz.  She  will  not  forget  Peirce,  the 
inhabitant  without  a  companion  of  the  lofty  domain 
of  higher  mathematics,  — 

"  A  privacy  of  glorious  light  is  thine." 

But  still,  and  above  all,  the  blessing  shall  be  theirs 
and  the  eternal  praise  — 

*'  Who  gave  us  nobler  loves  and  nobler  cares,  — 
The  Poets,  who  on  earth  have  made  us  heirs 
Of  truth  and  pure  delight  by  heavenly  lays." 

One  of  the  best  things  about  these  eminent  men 
of  letters  of  our  time  is  their  cordial  and  affectionate 
relation  with  one  other.  They  do  not  seem  to  have 
descended  from  the  genus  irritabile  vatum.  Each  of 
them  is  at  his  best  when  he  is  speaking  of  the  others. 
If  I  were  to  select  the  finest  specimen  of  Campbell's 
genius,  it  would  be  a  passage  of  matchless  prose.  If 
of  our  brother  Dr.  Holmes,  it  would  be  his  tributes  to 
Longfellow  and  Emerson.  When  our  brother  left  off 
the  poet  and  took  on  the  prophet  this  morning  at  the 
close  of  his  poem,  in  contemplating  the  glories  of 
Harvard  at  the  end  of  the  next  fifty  years,  I  noticed 
even  he  did  not  venture  to  predict  that  they  would 
get  a  better  poem  or  a  better  oration  than  we  have 
had  to-day. 

So  I  think,  my  friends,  we  may  fairly  claim,  when 
we  come  to  compare  the  generations  with  each  other, 
that  there  is  something  which  has  come  from  the  col- 
lege, a  certain  unmistakable  Harvard  leaven,  which  in 


298  THE  ALUMNI  DAY. 

Massachusetts  and  in  the  country  has  leavened  the 
whole  lump.  There  is  one  thing  that  can  be  said,  and 
should  be  said,  about  this  Harvard  leaven,  —  that  is  that 
it  holds  out,  and  keeps  fresh,  and  lasts  through.  "We 
hear  a  good  deal  nowadays  about  young  men's  move- 
ments, and  young  men's  parties,  and  what  young  men 
want  and  feel.  I  have  noticed  it  is  commonly  said  by 
men  who  are  getting  well  on  to  fifty,  and  whose  hair 
is  growing  thin  on  the  top.  I  can  speak,  and  I  have  a 
right  to  speak,  now  forty  years  out  of  college,  for  the 
old  men  among  the  sons  of  Harvard.  I  think  the  old 
Harvard  men,  of  any  period,  might  without  vanity 
invite  their  younger  brethren  to  a  friendly  compari- 
son either  of  service  or  character,  where  the  test  shall 
be  any  one  of  the  qualities  —  courage,  enthusiasm,  en- 
ergy, generosity,  faith  —  of  which  youth  sometimes 
claims  the  monopoly.  That  is  a  pretty  poor  style  of 
character,  that  is  a  pretty  poor  style  of  instruction, 
which  does  not  make  men  grow  better  as  they  grow 
old.  The  love  of  liberty,  the  love  of  justice,  the  sense 
of  duty,  the  sense  of  honor  cannot  have  been  deeply 
planted,  they  find  no  congenial  element  in  the  soul 
where  they  do  not  brighten  as  they  bum,  —  clarescunt 
urendo.  It  was  the  gray-haired  clergy  of  Massachu- 
setts at  whose  knees  the  patriots  of  the  Eevolution 
learned  the  lesson  of  constitutional  liberty.  It  was 
the  gray-haired  John  Quincy  Adams  who  breasted 
the  stormy  waves  of  the  House  of  Representatives 
at  eighty-three.  The  Josiah  Quincy  who  saw  the  be- 
ginning and  who  foresaw  the  end  of  the  Revolution, 
and  died  at  thirty ;  the  Josiah  Quincy  who  saw  the 


GEORGE  F.  HOAR'S  SPEECH.  299 

beginning  and  who  foresaw  the  end  of  the  Rebellion, 
and  died  at  ninety,  —  were  of  the  same  spirit,  though,  if 
anything,  the  man  of  ninety  was  the  younger  of  the  two. 
It  may  be  that  age  cools  the  hearts  of  common  men. 
But  for  men  tempered  by  the  best  Harvard  training 
the  saying  of  Pericles  is  still  true :  "  The  love  of  honor 
alone  is  ever  young ;  and  not  riches,  as  some  say,  but 
honor,  is  the  delight  of  men  when  they  are  old." 

Another  lesson  we  may  draw  from  the  birthday  of 
this  vigorous  life  which  spans  so  large  a  part  of  what 
is  remembered  of  the  world's  history.  It  is  a  lesson 
which  men  of  wealth  who  desire  an  honest  usefulness 
or  an  honorable  fame  may  well  heed.  That  is,  that 
the  one  safest  and  most  permanent  thing  in  this  world 
is  an  institution  of  learning,  wisely  founded.  What- 
ever perish,  that  shall  endure.  There  is  no  memory 
more  pleasant  among  men  than  that  of  its  benefactors. 
There  is  no  monument  like  a  portrait  upon  its  walls. 
There  is  no  gratitude  better  worth  having  than  that 
felt  by  successive  generations  toward  those  to  whom 
they  owe  their  education.  There  is  scarcely  an  excep- 
tion in  England,  and  none  in  America.  I  do  not  for- 
get the  College  of  William  and  Mary  in  Virginia,  next 
to  Harvard  in  age,  once  not  behind  her  in  influence,  — 
the  college  of  Jefferson  and  Marshall  and  Monroe  and 
Winfield  Scott ;  mother  of  three  presidents ;  to  whom, 
as  her  chancellor,  Washington  gave  his  last  public 
service,  and  which  was  destroyed  in  the  Civil  War. 
The  stout-hearted  old  President  still  rings  the  morn- 
ing bell  and  keeps  the  charter  alive.  I  would  salute 
him  to-day  from  Harvard,  not  knowing  any  act  of 


300  THE  ALUMNI  DAY. 

fidelity  more  delightful  to  gaze  upon ;  and  I  would 
rejoice  more  than  in  any  public  honor  or  private 
good  fortune  which  could  come  to  me,  if  I  might 
live  to  see  the  old  historic  college  of  Virginia  endowed 
anew  with  the  liberal  aid  of  the  sons  of  Harvard. 

But  I  ought  not  to  speak  any  longer.  The  lesson 
of  this  hour  is  hope,  not  retrospect.  May  Harvard 
continue  to  send  forth  her  manly  children  to  wrestle 
with  the  new  centuries  as  they  have  with  the  old, 
until  time  shall  be  no  more.  May  she  continue  as 
ever  to  train  them  for  leadership  in  the  Common- 
wealth in  all  noble  and  lofty  paths.  May  she  con- 
tinue to  teach  them  reverence  for  the  Republican  life 
of  which  they  are  to  form  a  part,  and  for  the  great 
history  of  whose  glory  they  are  inheritors. 

Here  followed  the  playing  of  Keller's  "  American  Hymn  " 
by  the  Cadet  Band,  after  which  the  PRESIDENT  said  :  Brethren, 
I  am  sure  that  if  you  remember  the  earlier  portion  of  the 
remarks  of  Senator  Hoar,  who  has  just  sat  down,  you  will 
know  that  the  names  which  now  first  rush  to  my  lips  must 
be  those  of  the  orator  and  poet  of  to-day.  They  have  added 
heavily  to  the  obligation  which  we  have  heretofore  been  under 
to  them.  I  hope  that  Professor  LOWELL  will  be  kind  enough 
to  say  a  few  words. 


SPEECH   OF  JAMES  RUSSELL  LOWELL. 
MR.  PRESIDENT,  AND  BRETHREN  OF  THE  ALUMNI: 

You,  sir,  have  alluded  to  the  phrase  with  which 
Senator  Hoar  began  his  speech.  You  will  allow  me 
to  allude  to  the  phrase  with  which  he  closed ;  namely, 
that  this  occasion  is  rather  one  for  hope  than  retro- 


JAMES  RUSSELL   LOWELL'S  SPEECH.  301 

spect.  You  cannot  expect  me,  at  this  time  of  the 
afternoon,  and  after  a  certain  amount  of  fatigue  this 
morning,  to  detain  you  long.  But  I  wish  to  be  al- 
lowed to  indulge  in  one  moment  of  retrospect,  which 
combines  in  itself  also  the  element  of  hope.  I  think 
it  was  just  fifty  years  ago  that  I  received  the  honor 
from  the  Faculty  of  Harvard  College  of  first  address- 
ing the  University.  Four  minutes  were  assigned  to 
me,  in  which  I  was  to  define  to  the  best  of  my  ability 
the  relative  merits  of  Homer  and  Virgil  as  epic  poets. 
I  have  no  doubt  that  a  great  many  of  the  important 
things  that  I  said  in  that  dissertation  are  fresh  in  the 
memory  of  my  classmate,  our  President,  and  they 
probably  influenced  his  thought  to  a  certain  extent; 
but  I  cannot  help  thinking  that  this  morning  was  the 
first  time  that  I  really  had  an  opportunity  offered  me 
to  revenge  myself  for  that  parsimony  of  fifty  years 
ago,  and  I  have  some  apprehension  that  I  revenged 
myself  a  little  too  amply.  But  I  beg  you  to  believe 
that  I  omitted  all  the  best  part  of  my  address. 

That  has  always  been  associated  in  my  mind,  —  not 
the  dissertation  assigned  me,  but  I  mean  the  period  of 
fifty  years  ago  is  most  intimately  associated  in  my 
mind  with  my  first  literary  sensation,  certainly  my 
first  genuine  one.  That  was  at  the  Phi  Beta  in  1836, 
when  a  young  gentleman,  fresh  from  Europe  and  from 
the  study  of  medicine  there,  delivered  a  poem.  I  can 
see  him  as  if  it  were  but  yesterday.  I  was  then,  I 
believe,  just  ending  my  Sophomore  year.  I  was  one 
of  the  delighted  throng  that  heard  him.  I  remember 
with  what  wonderful  spirit  and  precision  that  poem 


302  THE  ALUMNI  DAY. 

was  delivered.  I  can  still  repeat  some  of  the  admirable 
verses  I  then  heard.  I  remember  how  they  brought 
down  the  house.  Dear  me !  they  don't  bring  down 
houses  now  as  they  did  then.  How  well  I  remember 
the  alert  figure,  the  brown  hair,  the  bright  gray  eyes 
of  the  poet !  Since  that  time  my  friend  Dr.  Holmes 
seems  to  have  gone  out  incautiously  into  a  snowstorm 
without  his  hat, — an  imprudence  which  a  medical  man 
would  forbid  to  anybody  else ;  but  I  could  not  help 
thinking  this  morning  that  the  poem  was  delivered 
with  nearly  all  of  the  old  spirit,  with  the  same  force 
and  the  same  precision  and  clearness  of  speech  as  fifty 
years  ago.  I  allude  to  it,  not  to  compliment  him,  — 
for  I  am  sure  he  does  not  need  it,  —  but  simply,  as  I 
say,  because  it  points  to  a  certain  hope  connected  with 
a  certain  retrospect,  that  some  of  us  may  attain  in  full 
vigor  the  next  jubilee  of  Harvard.  But  I  shall  not 
detain  you  any  longer  now,  because,  as  I  told  you, 
I  am  not  quite  so  fresh  as  I  was  this  morning,  and 
I  am  largely  to  blame  if  you  also  are  not  quite  so 
fresh.  So  you  will  allow  me  to  yield  to  my  friend 
Dr.  Holmes,  who  will  entertain  you  much  better 
than  I  can. 


SPEECH  OF  OLIVER  WENDELL  HOLMES. 

DR.  HOLMES  said  that  he  had  been  writing  in  verse 
so  much  of  late  that  he  found  it  hard  to  say  anything 
in  prose.  He  was  like  a  sailor  just  landed,  with  his 
sea-legs  on.  He  would  content  himself  with  a  few 
words  respecting  his  own  share  in  the  centennial  of 


OLIVER  WENDELL  HOLMES'S  SPEECH.  303 

1836.  "  It  was  suggested  to  me,"  he  said,  "  by  the 
late  Dr.  Jacob  Bigelow,  himself  the  writer  of  the  capi- 
tal Latin  song  beginning  — 

'  Qui  alicujus  gradus  laurea  donati  estis,' 

that  I  should  write  a  song  to  the  tune,  then  a  very 
familiar  one,  of  '  The  Poachers.'  This  I  did,  and  sung 
it  myself,  though  a  vocalist  of  very  limited  power. 
You  may  be  willing  to  hear  a  verse  or  two  from  this 
production,  which  was  sent  too  late  for  insertion  to  the 
publishing  committee  of  the  celebration  of  1836." 

Dr.  Holmes  then  repeated  two  or  three  verses  which 
he  happened  to  remember ;  among  them  were  the  three 
which  follow :  — 

When  the  Puritans  came  over, 

Our  hills  and  swamps  to  clear, 
The  woods  were  full  of  catamounts, 

And  Indians  red  as  deer, 
With  tomahawks  and  scalpiug-knives 

That  make  folks'  heads  look  queer ; 
Oh,  the  ship  from  England  used  to  bring 

A  hundred  wigs  a  year  ! 

And  who  was  on  the  Catalogue 

When  College  was  hegun  ¥ 
Two  nephews  of  the  President, 

And  the  Professor's  son 
(They  turned  a  little  Indian  by, 

As  brown  as  any  bun) ; 
Lord  !  how  the  Seniors  knocked  about 

The  freshman  class  of  one ! 

God  bless  the  ancient  Puritans  ! 

Their  lot  was  hard  enough  ; 
But  honest  hearts  make  iron  arms, 

And  tender  maids  are  tough  ; 
So  love  and  faith  have  formed  and  fed 

Our  true-born  Yankee  stuff, 
And  keep  the  kernel  in  the  shell 

The  British  found  so  rough  ! 


304  THE  ALUMNI  DAY. 

The  PRESIDENT  said :  Our  next  sentiment  is,  "  A  learned 
and  pious  clergy,  —  at  all  times  and  everywhere  the  most 
efficient  friends  of  education."  The  Rev.  Dr.  Hitchcock,  who 
was  to  respond,  has  been  compelled  to  retire.  We  hope,  how- 
ever, that  he  will  furnish  the  speech  for  our  memorial  report 
which  he  would  have  made.1 

I  give  you  now :  "  Progress  in  literature  has  brought  to  the 
many  the  refined  enjoyment  of  letters  which  once  were  the 
property  of  a  limited  class."  I  invite  Professor  GILDEESLEEVE 
of  Johns  Hopkins  University  to  say  a  word. 


SPEECH  OF  BASIL  LANNEAU   GILDERSLEEVE. 

Professor  in  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

IF  there  is  one  thing  more  perplexing-  to  the  mind 
of  the  after-dinner  speaker  than  another,  it  is  the 
problem  of  his  special  fitness  for  the  part  that  has 
been  assigned  to  him.  At  least  this  is  what  they  all 
say  in  words  or  in  effect ;  and  being  myself  a  reluctant 
and  infrequent  intruder  into  this  peculiar  province  of 

1  The  following  note  was  later  received : 

UNION  THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY,  1200  PARK  AVENUE, 
NEW  YORK  CITY,  Feb.  1,  1887. 

DEAR  SIR,  —  I  should  be  very  sorry  to  seem  to  be  at  all  disloyal  to  an 
occasion  of  so  much  interest  to  me  personally  as  your  Quarter-Millennial 
Commemoration. 

As  I  told  Judge  Devens,  I  had  a  brief  of  what  I  proposed  to  Bay  after 
dinner,  but  as  usual  it  was  only  a  brief;  and  I  got  the  impression  that,  on 
the  whole,  you  found  it  best  to  report  only  what  was  actually  said.  So  I  let 
the  nascent  birds  —  whether  owls  or  eagles  —  fly  away.  I  was  intending 
to  say  something  about  the  relative  rank  of  the  so-called  learned  professions 
as  affected  by  the  growth,  and  by  the  changes,  of  our  civilization.  But  as 
you  have  so  much  to  report,  I  think  you  had  better  accept  simply  the  as- 
surance of  my  most  cordial  good-will. 

Yours  very  truly,  ROSWELL  D.  HITCHCOCK. 

MR.  JUSTIN  WINSOR. 


BASIL  LANNEAU  GILDERSLEEVE'S  SPEECH.       305 

oratory,  I  cannot  do  better  than  to  follow  the  example 
of  more  practised  men,  and  wonder  why  I  should  be 
called  on  to  respond  to  the  sentiment  of  the  progress 
of  literature.  To  many  my  chief  recommendation 
will  be  the  character  of  my  special  studies ;  for  the 
votary  of  the  dead  languages  is  popularly  supposed  to 
be  subdued  to  what  he  works  in,  until  he  becomes  a 
dead  thing,  until  he  turns  to  a  manner  of  stake  or  mile- 
stone or  finger-post,  or  some  such  conservative  fixture, 
so  that  he  may  well  answer  as  a  point  of  reference  for 
more  progressive  studies,  — just  as  a  fetich-worshipper 
might  be  chosen  as  a  point  of  departure  for  the  devel- 
opment of  the  religious  idea.  But  to  some  besides 
myself,  if  I  may  judge  by  what  I  have  heard  to-day, 
the  value  of  classical  study  as  the  measure  of  literary 
progress  is  not  that  of  the  milestone  which  is  left  be- 
hind, but  that  of  the  vernier  that  follows  the  sweep 
of  the  telescope  through  the  heavens ;  and  the  words 
of  a  great  master  of  letters  are  still  ringing  in  our 
ears :  "  Only  those  languages  can  properly  be  called 
dead  in  which  nothing  living  has  been  written." 
With  this  comforting  reassurance,  I  should  approach 
my  task  with  greater  confidence  if  I  were  not  appalled 
by  the  lateness  of  the  hour,  and  with  the  reflection  that 
I  can  have  nothing  to  add  to  what  has  been  better  said 
in  your  hearing. 

When  the  progress  of  literature  is  spoken  of,  we 
mean,  of  course,  the  progress  of  literature  during  the 
last  two  hundred  and  fifty  years,  —  for  we  measure 
everything  to-day  by  the  standard  of  Harvard;  we 
mean  the  period  that  nearly  touches  Bacon's  essays  at 

20 


306  THE  ALUMNI  DAY. 

one  end  and  overlaps  Emerson's  essays  at  the  other ; 
the  period  that  spans  the  youth  of  the  satirist  Dryden 
and  the  maturity  of  the  satirist  Lowell ;  that  laughs 
in  its  first  half-century  at  the  wit  of  Butler  and  is 
radiant  in  its  last  half-century  with  the  wit  of  Holmes. 
Now,  you  will  not  expect  me  to  work  out  the  history 
of  literature  for  the  last  two  hundred  and  fifty  years 
at  the  rate  of  fifty  years  a  minute  for  the  past,  with  no 
margin  at  all  for  the  boundless  future ;  and  you  will 
be  more  than  satisfied  with  the  simple  statement  of 
my  thesis,  which  has  been  abundantly  proved  and 
abundantly  illustrated  by  others  to-day. 

The  history  of  the  literature  in  which  we  are  most 
vitally  interested  is  the  history  of  the  constant  adjust- 
ment of  the  modern  to  the  antique.  That  this  adjust- 
ment is  to  end  in  the  elimination  of  the  antique  I  do 
not  in  the  least  believe.  There  will  always  be  a 
corner  left  somewhere  for  Greek  (there  will  always 
be  a  corner  left  here),  from  which  Greek  will  con- 
tinue to  govern  our  world,  even  if  it  ceases  to  reign 
over  so  large  a  number  of  titular  subjects,  and  there 
is  to  be  a  new  renaissance,  very  unlike  externally  to 
the  old  renaissance,  yet  not  less  potent  nor  less  for- 
mative. What  that  earlier  renaissance  was,  with  all 
its  glowing  acceptance  of  antique  literature  as  a  fair 
creation  restored  from  the  dead;  what  the  glorious 
Elizabethan  period  was,  with  its  unrivalled  opulence 
and  splendor  of  achievement,  —  does  not  enter  into  the 
scope  of  our  vision  to-day.  All  this  was  over  when 
Harvard  came  into  being ;  and  it  is  not  necessary  to 
ask  what  the  classics  were  to  Valla,  to  Politian,  or 


BASIL  LANNEAU  GILDERSLEEVE'S  SPEECH.        307 

what  the  classics  were  to  Shakespeare.  But  what  they 
were  to  the  generations  that  have  followed  Shake- 
speare is  faithfully  recorded  in  the  register  of  your 
University ;  for  the  power  of  Harvard  lies  in  discern- 
ing the  signs  of  the  times,  and  in  a  wise  adaptation  to 
the  changing  relations  of  the  world  in  which  men  live. 
Now,  no  one  can  claim  a  special  charm  for  the  transi- 
tion period  in  which  Harvard  was  founded.  It  was, 
as  we  know,  a  period  of  sobering  down  from  the 
intoxication  of  thought  and  fancy  in  which  the  long 
symposium  of  the  Elizabethan  age  had  culminated. 
The  classics  were  to  be  no  longer  an  inspiration  but 
a  corrective ;  and  generation  after  generation  had  to 
pass  before  English  literature  felt  the  stirrings  of  the 
true  life  of  Greece.  Of  learning  there  was  no  lack  in 
the  seventeenth  century ;  but  in  the  beginning  of  the 
eighteenth  Greek  studies  languished,  and  your  classi- 
cal scholar  garnished  his  essays  with  scraps  from  Latin 
poets  whom  a  robust  genius  like  Scaliger  despised.  On 
the  breaking  up  of  the  fountains  of  the  great  deep, 
towards  the  close  of  the  last  century,  the  pent-up 
streams  of  Greek  poetry  brought  their  crystal  clear- 
ness and  their  refreshing  coolness  to  brighten  and 
sweeten  the  current  of  our  literature.  No  pseudo- 
classicism  this,  but  a  real  classicism ;  not  a  mechani- 
cal rule,  but  a  vital  principle,  —  a  principle  for  which 
we  should  be  the  better  if  every  Greek  book  were 
chained  up  and  the  study  of  Greek  permitted  only  by 
special  license. 

How  profoundly  our  recent  literature  is  penetrated 
by  Greek  influence,  how  steadily  Greek  laws  of  artis- 


308  THE  ALUMNI  DAY. 

tic  work  are  finding  their  way  to  practical  acceptance, 
I  need  not  say  here,  where  that  influence,  where  those 
laws,  have  been  and  are  so  fully  felt,  so  admirably 
exemplified.  I  will  only  say  that  if  the  progress  of 
literature  is  distinctly  in  the  direction  of  subtile  and 
refined  workmanship ;  if  the  excellence  of  American 
literature  lies  in  the  fine  outline  and  the  delicate  tint, 
—  we  owe  this  progress,  we  owe  this  excellence,  to 
the  deeper  and  truer  study,  not  of  all  the  various 
nationalities  with  which  the  universality  of  the  nine- 
teenth century  has  brought  us  into  sympathy :  we 
owe  this  progress,  this  excellence,  directly  or  medi- 
ately to  the  deeper  and  truer  study  of  the  great  classic 
masters  of  form.  The  grandsons  of  the  men  that 
studied  the  polities  of  Greek  states,  of  Greek  federa- 
tions, when  they  were  laying  the  foundations  of  the 
republic  that  was  to  be,  have  sought  the  eternal  princi- 
ples of  art  on  the  same  soil ;  and  the  American  litera- 
ture that  is,  and  that  is  to  be,  owes  to  Harvard  and 
the  sons  of  Harvard  a  debt  which  a  stranger  can 
record  more  emphatically  than  those  who  cannot 
praise  Harvard  without  praising  themselves. 

Here,  then,  thanks  to  the  permeation  of  all  serious 
work  with  the  spirit  of  that  serious  play  which  is  the 
cultivation  of  artistic  form,  —  here,  then,  wherever 
else  we  may  have  had  our  training,  the  man  of  letters 
finds  a  second  home  ;  and  when  Harvard  stands,  where 
Heidelberg  stood  the  other  day,  at  the  end  of  her 
semi-millennium,  may  lineal  hands  still  uphold  her 
standard,  which  has  led  thus  far  in  the  line  of  true 
literary  progress. 


GEORGE  WILLIAM  CURTIS'S  SPEECH.  309 

The  PRESIDENT  said:  There  is  a  gentleman  at  our  table 
who  is  not  of  our  graduates,  but  one  of  our  honorarii,  over 
whom  I  claim  to  exercise  the  authority  you  have  given  me  as 
your  President;  and  I  invite  Mr.  GEORGE  WILLIAM  CURTIS 
to  give  us  a  few  words. 


SPEECH  OF  GEORGE  WILLIAM  CURTIS. 

I  HAVE  never  been  more  impressed  than  to-day 
with  the  truth  of  the  saying,  "  To  him  who  hath  shall 
be  given."  Everybody  knows  that  to  be  a  son  of 
Harvard  is  in  itself  good  fortune.  But  whoever  is 
happy  enough  to  be  here  to-day  must  acknowledge 
that  to  all  other  good  fortunes  must  now  be  added,  not 
only  the  felicity  of  coming  here  to  salute  the  Mother 
upon  her  two  hundred  and  fiftieth  anniversary,  but  of 
finding  her  two  hundred  and  fifty  times  fairer  and 
stronger  and  more  beloved  than  ever  before.  Still 
more,  while  he  walks  about  this  Zion,  telling  her 
towers,  marking  her  bulwarks,  and  counting  her  pal- 
aces, if  he  catches  a  glimpse  of  the  modest  Annex  he 
is  still  happier  in  knowing  that  as  his  ever-young 
Mother  starts  to  complete  her  third  century,  the  spell 
of  old  tradition  which  commanded  her  to  bring  forth 
men  children  only  is  broken  forever. 

But  who  shall  dare  to  speak  now  that  Harvard  her- 
self has  spoken  by  two  of  the  most  illustrious  among 
her  living  voices,  which  are  endeared  to  every  gener- 
ous heart  wherever  our  language  is  spoken,  —  voices 
sweet  and  true  to  the  old  English  faith  and  spirit 
which  hummed  "  God  save  the  King"  from  Plymouth 
Rock  to  Lexington  Green,  and  "  Yankee  Doodle " 


310  THE  ALUMNI  DAY. 

from  Concord  Bridge  to  the  Appomattox  apple-tree; 
one  of  which  has  steadily  helped  the  world  to  go 
right  by  "  hollerin'  out,  Gee ! "  at  the  proper  time, 
and  never  more  clearly  than  to-day ;  while  the  other 
has  set  our  flag  to  music,  and,  victorious  over  cir- 
cumstances, has  sung  itself  into  immortality  in  a 
"one-hoss  shay." 

No  toast  could  be  more  suggestive  than  your  toast, 
but  happily  there  is  no  need  of  my  speaking.  The 
orator  and  the  poet  of  the  day  are  its  happiest  living 
illustrations.  Yet  I  remember  that  these  are  the 
Academic  groves  in  which  the  earliest  notes  of  our 
literature  were  heard,  and  here  in  his  <£  B  K  address 
in  1809  Buckminster  predicted  its  glorious  dawn. 
Here  too,  in  1821,  Bryant  spoke  his  O  B  K  poem, 
and  led  the  voices  which  broke  into  the  chorus  that 
filled  our  spacious  air  "  with  sounds  which  echo  still." 
In  the  morning  light  of  our  literature  in  which  we  live 
you  may  judge  the  part  of  Harvard  if  you  remember 
that  Dana  and  Everett,  and  Sparks  and  Channing,  and 
Bancroft  and  Prescott,  Motley  and  Ticknor,  Palfrey 
and  Parkman  and  Emerson,  Holmes  and  Lowell  were 
her  sons ;  that  here  Longfellow  taught,  and,  that  noth- 
ing may  be  wanting,  she  has  to-day  twined  into  her 
chaplet  of  unfading  flowers  the  pure  white  rose  of 
Whittier's  fame. 

It  is  pleasant,  coming  from  the  State  and  city  and 
river  of  Washington  Irving,  to  pay  tribute  to  an  insti- 
tution in  which  so  many  of  our  chiefs  in  literature 
were  trained.  But  you  will  not  forget  that  while  the 
characteristic  earnestness  and  sober  harmonies  of  that 


GEORGE  WILLIAM  CURTIS'S  SPEECH.  311 

literature  are  due  to  New  England,  its  gay  allegro 
movement  began  in  New  York.  The  sombre  "Thana- 
topsis  "  of  Bryant  was  contemporary  with  the  rollick- 
ing glee  of  "  Knickerbocker's  History."  But  in  the 
"Last  Leaf"  of  Holmes  the  sparkle  of  humor  began 
to  play  on  the  shadowy  surface  of  the  New  England 
stream.  In  the  "Biglow  Papers"  the  old  Puritanic 
genius,  mellowed  and  disenthralled,  brought  up  laugh- 
ter and  remorseless  wit  as  the  resistless  ally  of  the 
public  conscience.  The  smiling  Irving  had  suddenly 
great  and  significant  co-laborers,  who  played  on  his 
sweet  pipe  an  unwonted  tune.  The  Hudson  and  the 
Charles  flowed  at  a  level,  — 

"  And  Jura  answered  from  her  misty  shroud 
Back  to  the  joyous  Alps,  that  called  to  her  aloud  I n 

New  York,  Mr.  President,  —  your  mighty  imperial 
neighbor,  with  her  immense  population,  resources,  and 
prosperity,  —  has  been  always  careless  of  her  own  re- 
nown, and  like  one  of  the  old  Dutch  burghers  who 
settled  New  Amsterdam,  she  has  been  content  to  sit 
smoking  upon  her  stoop,  looking  kindly  upon  her 
great  neighbors  to  the  right  and  left,  —  Pennsylvania 
and  Ohio  and  New  England,  —  hearing  the  story  of 
their  greatness  without  malice,  without  envy,  and  with 
hearty  sympathy  and  good  cheer.  She  is  very  sure 
that  the  voice  of  Columbia,  —  the  college  of  Hamilton 
and  Jay,  of  Livingston  and  Gouverneur  Morris,  — 
must  awaken  a  kindred  echo  in  the  college  of  Samuel 
Adams,  of  James  Otis,  and  of  Josiah  Quincy.  She 
listens  to  the  Revolutionary  legends  of  Middlesex, 


312  THE  ALUMNI  DAY. 

not  unmindful  of  Saratoga  or  of  the  city  of  New 
York  where  the  national  government  began.  She  ac- 
knowledges with  gratitude  that  Boston  first  taught 
the  young  New-Yorker  his  Latin  grammar,  and  that 
Harvard  was  nearly  one  hundred  and  twenty  years 
old  when  her  first  college  was  founded;  and  her 
Dutch  heart  remembers  with  pride  that  the  settlers  of 
New  England  brought  a  great  treasure  from  Dutch 
Ley  den,  and  that  Holland  gave  to  New  England  one 
of  the  chief  guarantees  of  liberty  in  giving  her  the 
common  school. 

Mr.  President,  you  see  before  you  a  multitude  of 
alumni  from  many  colleges,  to  each  of  whom  his  own 
alma  mater  is  as  dear  as  Harvard  to  you  and  your 
associates.  But  as  all  our  great  days  in  this  country 
are  national  days;  as  they  are  great  because  they 
make  us  greater,  and  bind  more  closely  and  indisso- 
lubly  the  common  American  brotherhood,  so  that  we 
say  with  Patrick  Henry,  "  I  am  not  a  Virginian,  a 
New-Yorker,  a  Massachusetts  man,  but  I  am  an 
American,"  —  so  on  the  day  which  commemorates  the 
original  establishment  of  the  higher  education  in  this 
country,  the  education  which  in  every  age  and  coun- 
try has  been  the  crown  of  its  civilization,  and  here 
in  the  actual  benignant  presence  of  the  original 
American  alma  mater,  they  do  not  say,  "  I  am  a  son 
of  Yale  or  Princeton,  of  Brown  or  Columbia,  of  Mich- 
igan or  Pennsylvania,"  but  proudly  and  fondly  they 
declare,  u  I  am  a  grandson,  or  great-grandson,  or 
great-great-grandson  of  old  Harvard,  the  common 
Mother  of  us  all." 


ALEXANDER  AGASSIZ'S  SPEECH.  313 

The  PRESIDENT  proposed  as  a  sentiment,  "  The  advancement 
of  Science,"  which  was  responded  to  as  follows  : 


SPEECH    OF    ALEXANDER    AGASSIZ. 

Curator  of  the  Museum  of  Comparative  ZoSlogy. 

MR.  PRESIDENT,  AND  BRETHREN  OP  THE  ALUMNI: 

WHILE  all  the  Alumni  unite  in  the  commemoration 
of  our  two  hundred  and  fiftieth  anniversary,  it  has 
a  special  interest  for  the  men  of  science,  because  in 
the  last  fifty  years  —  the  half-century  we  celebrate 
to-day  —  the  greater  number  of  the  scientific  depart- 
ments of  Harvard  have  sprung  into  existence. 

Forty  years  ago  two  departments  of  science,  now 
developed  into  the  Botanic  Garden  and  the  Observa- 
tory, had  already  taken  root  here.  With  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  Lawrence  Scientific  School,  founded 
in  1847,  a  wider  scheme  of  scientific  activity  was 
initiated,  represented  to-day  by  the  Chemical  and 
Physical  Laboratories  and  by  the  Museums  of  Natural 
History,  each  one  greater  than  the  modest  structure 
which  first  comprised  them  all.  In  fact,  science  at 
Harvard,  on  its  present  basis,  has  grown  up  within  the 
memory  of  her  yet  living  sons.  Antiquated  we  may 
be,  it  is  true,  for  many  of  us  have  reached  the  age 
when,  according  to  the  President  of  the  University, 
our  usefulness  is  nearly  over ;  but  we  are  still  young 
in  devotion  to  our  Alma  Mater. 

We  well  remember  the  time  when  the  struggling 
scientific  departments  were  good-naturedly  tolerated 


314  THE  ALUMNI  DAY. 

as  the  harmless  amusements  of  enthusiastic  fanatics, 
if  they  were  not  more  harshly  criticised  as  costly 
excrescences.  But  those  times  are  past,  and  we  re- 
joice to  believe  that  the  scientific  departments  are  now 
admitted  as  an  integral  part  of  the  University,  becom- 
ing ever  more  identified  with  her  progress.  The  men 
who  founded  them  —  most  of  whom  have  now  passed 
away  —  would  themselves  be  surprised  to-day  to  see 
the  far-reaching  results  of  their  work.  Truly,  "  they 
builded  better  than  they  knew." 

In  nothing  has  the  American  method  been  so  plain- 
ly exhibited  as  in  the  growth  of  seats  of  learning  all 
over  this  country.  It  is  true  that  the  multiplying  of 
such  institutions  may  go  too  far,  and  may  tend  to 
scatter  the  intellectual  force  of  the  country.  But,  on 
the  other  hand,  they  take  a  strong  hold  upon  local 
sentiment ;  and  not  one  of  the  well-directed  individual 
efforts  that  have  dotted  the  country  over  with  colleges 
and  technical  schools  has  failed  to  be  sustained  by  the 
spontaneous  action  of  enlightened  communities. 

In  our  meeting  of  to-day  we  cannot  but  feel  that 
Harvard,  with  her  ever-widening  scope,  has  been  the 
centre  from  which  this  national  intellectual  activity 
has  spread.  Although  science  recognizes  no  local 
limits,  yet  every  country  must  develop  its  own  educa- 
tional centres.  They  cannot  be  imported ;  they  must 
be  the  growth  of  the  soil,  in  harmony  with  the  best 
spirit  of  the  nation  and  of  its  institutions.  It  is  in  this 
sense  that  the  highest  seats  of  learning  now  growing 
up  among  us,  relying  entirely  upon  the  affection  and 
appreciation  of  the  people  about  them,  seem  to  me 


WEIR  MITCHELL'S  SPEECH.  315 

more  truly  national  than  any  single  institution  could 
be  which  was  under  the  patronage  of  our  central 
government.  Such  protection  is  given  only  at  the 
cost  of  intellectual  independence.  It  is  true  that  the 
well-organized  German  Universities,  so  influential  in 
the  development  of  science,  are  based  upon  govern- 
ment support;  but  they  owe  their  success  less  to 
this  official  patronage  than  to  their  system  of  decen- 
tralization, combined  with  well-directed  concentration ; 
while  the  even  more  powerful  influence  of  Eng- 
land upon  the  growth  of  science  has  been  due  to 
the  genius  of  individuals  rather  than  to  her  wealthy 
universities.  Borrowing  what  is  best  from  each  of 
these  examples,  but  adapting  their  methods  to  our 
own  national  conditions,  so  different  from  those  of 
Europe,  this,  the  oldest  University  of  the  land,  may 
now  challenge  her  transatlantic  sisters  to  a  friendly 
rivalry  in  the  development  of  the  highest  scientific 
culture. 

The  PRESIDENT  said :  We  have  remembered  the  clergy. 
We  would  not  part  without  remembering  our  two  other  great 
schools.  I  give  you  therefore,  "The  Science  of  Medicine 
and  Surgery ! "  and  I  call  upon  DR.  WEIR  MITCHELL,  of 
Philadelphia,  to  say  a  word. 


SPEECH  OF  WEIR  MITCHELL. 

MR.  PRESIDENT,  AND  GENTLEMEN: 

I  HAVE  been  desired  to  say  a  word.     If  I  had  been 
limited  to  this,  I   should  perhaps  be  rather  happier. 


316  THE  ALUMNI  DAY. 

The  doctor,  however,  is  accustomed  to  come  when  he 
is  called  on,  and  in  the  expiring  hours  of  a  dinner  like 
this  he  is  very  liable  to  be  brought  to  the  front.  You 
can  hardly  expect  when  you  call  upon  a  practising 
physician  like  myself  on  an  occasion  like  this,  when 
you  bring  him  from  the  bedside  and  the  laboratory, 
to  hear  from  him  such  eloquent  words  as  you  have 
heard  to-night  from  some  of  the  immortals,  from  the 
best  of  our  statesmen,  the  most  brilliant  of  our  orators, 
and  the  ablest  of  professors.  I  shall  limit  myself 
therefore  to  a  few  words,  remembering  that  although 
the  doctor  is  very  gladly  seen  when  he  makes  his  first 
appearance,  when  the  time  comes  for  his  final  exit 
he  is  much  more  properly  thanked. 

Nothing  would  be  easier  for  me  than  to  answer 
from  my  heart  for  my  profession,  if  that  is  the  call  upon 
me  ;  but  to  reply  in  words  which  befit  the  occasion  I 
find  much  more  difficult.  Yet  nowhere  should  it  be 
more  easy  than  in  Boston  to  answer  for  my  profes- 
sional brethren.  Some  notable  medical  memories  are 
always  present  for  me  as  I  cross  its  historic  Common, 
and  think  of  it  anew  as  a  rarely  beautiful  and,  in 
places,  a  picturesque  city.  Yet  whatever  charm  of 
the  aesthetic  it  may  have  for  me,  it  has  a  nobler  when 
I  remember  that  it  is  also  the  birthplace  of  the  an- 
aesthetic. 

While  to  you  men  of  Boston  it  is  dear  for  one 
good  reason  or  another,  I  think  of  it  as  the  home  of 
that  illustrious  line  of  physicians  the  Warrens ;  as 
the  city  of  the  Bowditches;  as  the  place  where 
James  Jackson  lived  and  was  honored ;  as  to-day  the 


WEIR  MITCHELL'S  SPEECH.  317 

home  of  the  greatest  living  American  surgeon,  Henry 
Bigelow.  As  I  came  through  your  outer  hall  to-day 
I  saw  many  names  of  physicians  written  upon  those 
tablets  which  record  your  peerage  of  the  true  and 
brave  who  died  that  we  might  politically  live. 

The  thought  of  these  men  brings  back  to  me  what 
an  eloquent  speaker  said  here  to-night,  that  every 
Massachusetts  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Indepen- 
dence was  a  son  of  Harvard.  Let  me  remind  my 
brethren  in  this  hall  that  the  only  physician  whose 
name  is  on  that  strong  arraignment  of  the  Crown  was 
perhaps  of  all  of  us  the  most  famous,  —  Benjamin 
Rush,  a  Pennsylvanian. 

There  is  one  great  reason  why  our  profession 
throughout  the  land  owes  to  Harvard  a  heavy  debt. 
You  have  shown  that  it  was  possible  to  remodel  in 
the  highest  sense  medical  education.  It  had  got  into 
grooves  where  it  rolled  along  quietly  for  many  a  year. 
It  was  due  to  President  Eliot  chiefly,  I  think,  that  the 
Harvard  Medical  School  reformed  its  course  of  educa- 
tion, and  set  an  example  for  all  the  medical  schools 
throughout  the  land,  —  an  example  which,  I  am  glad 
to  say,  my  own  University  of  Pennsylvania  immedi- 
ately followed. 

I  have  also  personally,  as  a  physician,  to  thank 
Boston  for  another  thing.  It  is  that  one  of  your  grad- 
uates, Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,  a  man  of  science  and 
a  doctor,  —  for  through  his  long  career  as  poet  and 
literary  man,  he  has  still  kept  his  position  as  in  some 
sense  a  doctor,  —  has  emancipated  us  from  the  idea  that 
the  physician  is  only  a  person  to  write  prescriptions 


318  THE    ALUMNI    DAY. 

and  get  up  in  the  night  when  called  upon ;  and  has 
given  us  abundant  proof  that  there  are  many  other 
things  that  he  can  do  without  doing  any  less  well  his 
special  life-work. 

I  am  not  going  to  say  any  more  about  Wendell 
Holmes.  I  think  I  have  observed  that  at  Boston  din- 
ners it  is  quite  the  custom  to  say  something  about 
Holmes,  and  perhaps  about  Lowell,  and  one  or  two 
other  Boston  men.  But  these  two  gentlemen  have 
been  buttered  on  both  sides,  —  I  mean  on  both  sides  of 
the  Atlantic,  —  and  perhaps  not  even  Philadelphia  but- 
ter would  add  to  the  esteem  in  which  you  hold  them. 
We  are  accustomed  to  be  told  that  you  chiefly  regard 
and  think  of  Boston  men.  I,  for  one,  wish  in  a  cer- 
tain sense  to  contradict  this.  You  will  allow  me, 
therefore,  in  parting  with  you,  to  say  one  or  two 
fervent  words  as  to  a  personal  matter.  The  first  letter 
that  I  ever  received  in  recognition  of  any  scientific 
work  I  had  done,  came  to  me  when  I  was  a  young 
fellow  from  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes.  He  will  never 
know  how  much  good  it  did  me.  The  first  honor  re- 
ceived by  me  from  a  society  was  from  the  Boston 
Natural  History  Society.  The  second  was  from  the 
American  Academy  of  Sciences  in  your  city.  The 
chances  of  a  grave  illness  deprived  me  when  young 
of  the  privilege  of  graduation  in  arts  at  my  own  Uni- 
versity ;  and  thus  it  happens  that  I  receive  my  first 
academic  degree  from  this  great  school  of  learning.  I 
wish  frankly  to  say  that  I  like  it  well,  and  that  it  is 
doubtful  whether  any  one  who  received  this  honor 
to-day  is  more  proud  of  it  than  I  am. 


JAMES  B.   THAYER'S  SPEECH.  319 

The  PRESIDENT  said :  With  so  many  Doctors  of  Laws  it 
would  be  quite  unpardonable  if  we  forgot  the  Law.  I  give 
you,  "  The  Law !  May  its  administrators,  professors,  and 
students  fully  realize  that  justice  founded  upon  reason  is  its 
only  life."  And  I  will  ask  Professor  THAYER  to  respond. 


SPEECH  OF  JAMES   B.   THAYER. 

Professor  in  the  Law  School. 

MR.  PRESIDENT,  AND  GENTLEMEN  : 

IT  was  a  remarkable  step  to  begin  the  breeding  of 
lawyers  at  Harvard  College.  If  there  was  anything 
that  the  founders  of  this  institution  did  not  wish  to 
promote,  it  was  the  study  and  practice  of  English  law. 

A  certain  sort  of  lawyer  —  what  may  be  called  a 
reformed  lawyer,  like  Governor  Winthrop  or  the  Rev. 
Nathaniel  Ward  of  Ipswich  —  our  ancestors  did  indeed 
value.  Such  men  were  useful  in  the  very  .careful  steer- 
ing that  was  necessary  in  working  their  semi-Judaic 
ship  of  State  along  an  English  coast ;  for,  in  a  legal 
point  of  view,  that  vessel  drew  a  good  deal  too  much 
water.  At  the  very  time  which  we  celebrate,  the 
people  were  clamoring  for  some  laws  to  regulate  the 
almost  absolute  discretion  of  their  magistrates ;  and 
the  Rev.  John  Cotton  was  put  upon  a  committee  to 
prepare  a  code.  Dr.  Creighton  may  perhaps  remem- 
ber that  Mr.  Cotton  was  some  time  a  Fellow  of  Em- 
manuel College.  He  sent  in  to  the  General  Court,  in 
this  very  year  of  1636,  certain  thorough-paced  propo- 
sitions, mentioned  by  Governor  Winthrop  as  being 
"  a  copy  of  Moses,  his  judicials,  compiled  in  an  exact 


320  THE    ALUMNI    DAY. 

method ;  "  and  they  bore  for  a  motto  this  significant 
passage :  "  Jehovah  is  our  Judge,  Jehovah  is  our 
Lawgiver,  Jehovah  is  our  King;  He  will  save  us." 
The  reformed  lawyers  no  doubt  did  their  full  share 
in  saving  our  fathers  from  adopting  that;  and  a  far 
more  sagacious  compilation  was  produced  by  Nathaniel 
Ward,  with  some  assistance  from  Lechford, — a  lawyer 
who  had  not  reformed,  and  who  soon  vanished  from 
these  shores. 

Well,  how  has  it  come  about  that  so  incongruous  a 
topic  as  law  was  introduced  among  the  studies  of  this 
cherished  school  of  the  prophets  ? 

Let  me  say,  before  explaining  this,  that  it  is  not 
altogether  strange  that  our  law  at  that  time  should 
seem  to  a  plain  Puritan  to  be  a  dark  and  knavish  busi- 
ness ;  for  it  was  still  heavily  encumbered  with  the  for- 
malism of  the  Middle  Ages.  It  was,  indeed,  already, 
like  Milton's  lion,  "  pawing  to  get  free  its  hinder 
parts  ;  "  and  there  was  a  sort  of  truth  in  Coke's  dithy- 
rambic  praise  of  it,  then  but  recently  published,  that 
"  reason  is  the  life  of  the  law,  —  nay,  the  common  law 
itself  is  nothing  else  but  reason  ;  "  but  it  was  the  truth 
of  prophecy,  and  not  the  truth  of  fact.  The  law 
also  was  then  mainly  hidden  away  from  laymen  and 
wrapped  in  a  foreign  tongue;  and  it  was  taught  at 
the  Inns  of  Court  in  the  rudest  way,  —  "  hanc  rigidam 
Minervam,"  said  Sir  Henry  Spelman,  a  contemporary  of 
our  founders,  "  ferreis  amplexibus  coercendam."  "  My 
mother,"  says  Spelman,  "  sent  me  to  London  to  begin 
upon  our  law."  "  Cujus  vestibuluin  salutassem  repe- 
rissemque  linguam  peregrinam,  dialectum  barbarum, 


JAMES  B.   THAYER'S  SPEECH.  321 

rnethodum  inconcinnam,  molem  non  ingentem  solum 
sed  perpetuis  humeris  sustinendam,  excidit  mihi  (fa- 
teor)  animus."  As  regards  this  circumstance,  that  the 
law  was  then  mostly  written  in  a  foreign  tongue,  it  is 
interesting  to  notice  that  King  James,  while  promot- 
ing our  English  version  of  the  Bible,  was  also  urging 
the  Englishing  of  the  law.  "I  wish,"  he  said  in  a 
printed  speech  in  1609,  when  the  Bible  was  nearly 
ready  to  be  published,  "  the  law  written  in  our  vulgar 
language ;  for  now  it  is  an  old,  mixt,  and  corrupt  lan- 
guage, only  understood  by  lawyers."  It  was  the  Eng- 
lish Puritans  mainly  that  brought  about  this  reform ; 
the  first  book  of  law  reports  in  English,  other  than  a 
translation,  was  printed  in  the  time  of  the  Common- 
wealth. And  when  our  General  Court,  in  1647,  or- 
dered thirteen  volumes  of  law  from  England,  nine  of 
them  existed  only  in  a  foreign  language,  —  eight  in 
Norman-French,  and  one  in  Latin. 

But  to  come  back  to  my  question.  It  was  not  until 
a  century  and  a  quarter  ago  —  half  way  back  in  that 
long  tract  of  time  which  we  have  been  contemplating 
at  this  anniversary  —  that  the  rude  but  noble  fabric  of 
our  English  law  was  first  made  the  subject  of  univer- 
sity study.  "  We  thus,"  said  Blackstone,  the  first  pro- 
fessor of  our  law  at  Oxford,  in  1758,  "  extend  the  po- 
moeria  of  university  learning,  and  adopt  a  new  tribe  of 
citizens  within  these  philosophical  walls."  That  event 
marked  an  era  in  our  law;  all  the  world  knows  the 
brilliant  results  that  immediately  attended  it.  Black- 
stone  did  not  accomplish  everything,  —  there  was,  in- 
deed, much  in  his  lectures  that  was  trivial;  but  he 

21 


322  THE    ALUMNI   DAY. 

performed  a  work  which,  whether  considered  in  rela- 
tion to  the  intractable  nature  of  his  material,  or,  with- 
out reference  to  that,  upon  its  own  merits  alone,  has 
always  excited  the  admiration  of  those  who  were  com- 
petent to  judge  of  it.  It  will  long  survive  as  a  monu- 
ment to  his  own  powers  and  to  the  wisdom  of  those 
who  perceived  that  English  law  deserved  to  be  scien- 
tifically studied,  —  studied  by  the  same  methods  which 
belong  to  all  other  important  parts  of  human  know- 
ledge. The  contagion  of  this  example  spread  to 
Cambridge,  where,  by  the  charter  of  Downing  Col- 
lege in  1800,  a  similar  chair  was  established,  and  the 
acute  and  learned  Edward  Christian  was  appointed 
to  fill  it. 

It  happened  that  a  citizen  of  Massachusetts  was  liv- 
ing in  London  while  Blackstone  was  still  wearing  his 
honors,  at  a  period  when  seven  editions  of  his  lectures 
had  been  published  within  ten  years.  This  man  — 
Isaac  Royall,  of  Medford  —  having  died  in  1781,  the 
year  after  Blacks  tone's  death,  left  to  Harvard  College 
a  gift  of  land  "  towards  the  endowing  a  professor  of 
law,  ...  or  of  physic  or  anatomy."  But  it  was  not 
until  1815  that  his  purpose  was  carried  out,  and  the 
Royall  professorship,  the  earliest  chair  of  law  at  any 
American  seat  of  learning,  was  established.  I  do  not 
speak  now  of  the  private  law  schools  at  Litchfield, 
founded  in  1784,  or  of  other  later  establishments  of  a 
like  sort.  It  was  here,  at  Cambridge,  seventy  years 
ago,  that  the  pomoeria  of  university  learning  were 
first  made  to  include  a  new  American  tribe  of  citizens 
within  them. 


JAMES  B.   THAYER'S  SPEECH.  323 

And  now,  what  shall  I  say  of  the  methods  and  re- 
sults of  the  teaching  of  law  at  this  University  for  these 
seventy  years  ?  Why  should  I  say  anything  ?  The 
law  has  had  its  day  of  celebration  already.  Let  me, 
however,  say  one  thing.  If  I  were  asked  to  name  the 
thing  that  has  characterized  the  recent  efforts  of  this 
department  of  the  University,  I  should  say  that  it  is 
simply  a  keener  perception  of  the  special  function  of  a 
university  school  of  law,  and  a  stricter  effort  to  apply 
here,  in  ways  suited  to  the  subject-matter,  the  same 
methods  of  historical  research,  of  careful  comparison, 
analysis,  and  deduction  which  are  used  in  other 
branches  of  university  study.  Among  the  present 
officers  of  the  School  there  are  different  methods  in 
matters  of  detail,  as  there  must  needs  be  where  there 
are  diversities  of  gifts ;  but  there  is  entire  unity  in  the 
general  aim  and  in  the  desire  to  do  in  this  great  and 
secular  institution,  as  well  as  they  can,  the  work  that 
belongs  to  their  generation.  That  is  not  quite  the 
same  work  which  fell  to  their  predecessors ;  it  is  a 
quieter  work,  though  full  of  labor.  But  it  is  one  in 
which  it  is  a  great  happiness  to  engage ;  for  we  know, 
with  an  absolute  conviction,  that  we  are  helping  to  lay 
a  better  foundation  for  those  who  will  follow  us.  We 
need  no  better  assurance  that  our  aims  are  right  than 
the  altogether  admirable  spirit  of  study  which  pre- 
vails at  the  School,  and  the  character,  the  progress, 
and  the  intellectual  ardor  of  the  young  men  that 
have  left  it 


REGISTRATION.    . 


REGISTRATION 


or 


GRADUATES,    NON-GRADUATE    OFFICERS,    HOLDERS 
OF  HONORARY  DEGREES,  AND  GUESTS 

ATTENDING    THE    COMMEMORATION. 


ABBE,  Cleveland Washington,  D.C. 

Abbot,  Edwin  Hale,  A.B.  1855 Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Abbot,  Everett  Vergnies,  A.B.  1886 Cambridge. 

Abbot,  Francis  Ellingwood,  A.B.  1859    ....  Cambridge. 

Abbot,  George,  A.B.  1864 Cambridge. 

Abbot,  Henry  Larcom,  Col.  of  Eng.,  U.S.  Army  .  New  York,  N.Y. 

Abbot,  Henry  Ward,  A.B.  1886 Boston. 

Abbot,  Julian,  A.B.  1826 Lowell. 

Abbot,  Samuel  Leonard,  A.B.  1838 Boston. 

Abbot,  William  Fitzhale,  A.B.  1874 Worcester. 

Abbott,  Benjamin  Rush,  A.B.  1886 Bloomington,  HI. 

Abbott,  Gordon,  A.B.  1884 Boston. 

Abbott,  Samuel  Warren,  M.D.  1862 Wakefield. 

Abercrombie,  Daniel  Webster,  A.B.  1876     .     .     .  Worcester. 

Abercrombie,  Otis  Putnam,  A.B.  1858     ....  Lunenburg. 

Adams,  Charles  Francis,  Jr.  A.B.  1856    ....  Quincy. 
Adams,    Charles    Kendall,   LL.D.,    President    of 

Cornell  University Ithaca,  N.Y. 

Adams,  George  Caspar,  A.B.  1886 Quincy. 

Adams,  George  Everett,  A.B.  1860 Chicago,  111. 

Adams,  George  Huntington,  A.B.  1870  ....  New  York,  N.Y. 

Adams,  Theodore  Parker,  A.B.  1867 Boston. 

Agassiz,  Alexander,  A.B.  1855 Cambridge. 

Agassiz,  George  Russell,  A.B.  1884 Cambridge. 

Aldrich,  Albert  Clinton,  A.B.  1879 Somerville. 

Alexander,  William  Pomeroy,  A.B.  1870     .     .     .  Springfield. 

Alger,  Alpheus  Brown,  A.B.  1875 Cambridge. 

Allen,  Alexander  Viets  Griswold,  D.D.,  Professor  of 

Ecclesi.astical  History  in  Epis.  Theol.  School    .  Cambridge. 

Allen,  Arthur  Lincoln,  A.B.  1885 Arlington. 

Allen,  Francis  Bellows,  A.  B.  1881 New  York,  N.Y. 


328  REGISTRATION. 

Allen,  Frederic  De  Forest,  Ph.D Cambridge. 

Allen,  Frederick  Hobbs,  A.B.  1880 New  York,  N.Y. 

Allen,  Gardner  Weld,  A.B.  1877 Boston. 

Allen,  Henry  Freeman,  A.B.  1860 Boston. 

Allen,  Joseph  Henry,  A.B.  1840 Cambridge. 

Allen,  Justin,  M.D.  1856 Topsfield. 

Allen,  Nathaniel  Glover,  A.B.  1812 Auburndale. 

Allen,  William,  A.  B.  1837 Allston. 

Allen,  William  Ethan,  A.B.  1878  ......  Worcester. 

Allen,  William  Hall,  A.B.  1878 Saybrook,  Conn. 

Allen,  William  Lothrop,  A.B.  1886 Boston. 

Almy,  Charles,  A.B.  1872 Cambridge. 

Almy,  Francis,  A.B.  1879 Buffalo,  N.Y. 

Almy,  Frederic,  A.B.  1880 Buffalo,  N.Y. 

Amen,  Harlan  Page,  A.B.  1879 Poughkeepsie,  N.Y. 

Ames,  Fisher,  A.B.  1858 West  Newton. 

Ames,  Frederick  Lothrop,  A.B.  1854 North  Easton. 

Ames,  James  Barr,  A.B.  1868 Cambridge. 

Ames,  Oliver,  Lt.-Gov.  of  Mass North  Easton. 

Amory,  Arthur,  A.B.  1862 Boston. 

Amory,  Augustine  Heard,  A.B.  1S77 Lawrence. 

Amory,  Charles  Walter,  A.B.  1863 Brookline. 

Amory,  Francis  Inman,  A.B.  1871 Boston. 

Amory,  Harcourt,  A.B.  1876 Boston. 

Amory,  Robert,  A.B.  1863 Boston. 

Amory,  Thomas  Coffin,  A.B.  1830 Boston. 

Anderson,  Elbert  Ellery,  A.B.  1852 New  York. 

Anderson,  Luther  Stetson,  A.B.  1882       ....  Quincy. 

Anderson,  Nicholas  Longworth,  A.B.  1858  .     .     .  Washington,  DC. 

Andrew,  John  Forrester,  A.B.  1872 Boston. 

Andrew,  Brainard  Alger,  A.B.  1884 Charlestown. 

Andrews,  Clement  Walker,  A.B.  1879      ....  Boston. 

Andrews,  Edward  Reynolds,  A.B.  1853    ....  Boston. 

Andrews,  William  Shankland,  A.B.  1880     .     .     .  Syracuse,  N.Y. 

Angell,  Elgin  Adelbert,  A.B.  1873 Cleveland,  O. 

Angell,  James  Burrill,  LL.D.,  President   of  Uni- 
versity of  Michigan       Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 

Appleton,  Edward,  A.B.  1835 Reading. 

Appleton,  Francis  Henry,  A.B.  1869 Peabody. 

Appleton,  Francis  Parker,  A.B.  1845 Dorchester. 

Appleton,  John  Henry,  A.B.  1875 Cambridge. 

Appleton,  William  Hyde,  A.B.  1864 Swarthmore,  Pa. 

Arnold,  Alfred  Colburn,  A.B.  1884 Concordville,  Pa. 

Arnold,  Francis  Rose,  A.B.  1856 New  York,  N.Y. 

Arnold,  Horace  David,  A.B.  1885 Newton. 

Arnold,  Howard  Payson,  A.B.  1852 Boston. 

Arnold,  Louis,  A.B.  1855 West  Roxbury. 

Aspinwall,  William,  A.B.  1838 Brookline. 

Aspinwall,  William  Henry,  A.B.  1883     ....  Brookline. 


REGISTRATION.  329 

Atherton,  Edward  Herbert,  A.B.  1870     ....  Roxbury. 

Atherton,  Frederic  William,  A.B.  1886   ....  Boston. 

Atherton,  Walter,  S.B.  1885 Stoughton. 

Atkinson,  Edward  Ernest,  A.M.  1886      ....  Cambridge. 

Atkinson,  Edward  Williams,  A.B.  1881  ....  Brookline. 

Atkinson,  William  Parsons,  A.B.  1838    ....  Jamaica  Plain. 

Atwood,  Hartley  Frederic,  A.B.  1884      ....  Boston. 

Atwood,  Luther,  A.B.  1883 Exeter,  N.H. 

Austin,  Amory,  A.B.  1871 Boston. 

Austin,  William  Russell,  A.B.  1879 Charlestown. 

Ayars,  Henry  Morton,  A.B.  1886 Cleveland,  O. 

Ayer,  Clarence  Walter,  A.B.  1885        South  Byfield. 

Ayer,  Frederick  Fanning,  A.B.  1873 New  York,  N.Y. 

Ayer,  James  Bourne,  A.B.  1869 Boston. 

Ayer,  James  Cook,  A.B.  1886 Lowell. 

Ayers,  George  David,  A.B.  1879 Maiden. 

Ayers,  Howard,  S.B.  1883 Cambridge. 

Ayres,  Marshall,  Jr.  A.B.  1863 New  York.  N.Y. 

BABBITT,  George  Franklin,  A.B.  1872     ....  Boston. 

Babcock,  James  Woods,  A.B.  1882 Somerville. 

Babcock,  Lemuel  Hollingsworth,  A.B.  1873     .     .  New  York,  N.Y. 

Babcock,  William  Gustavus,  A.B.  1841   ....  Dorchester. 

Babson,  Robert  Edward,  A.B.  1856 Boston. 

Babson,  Robert  Tillinghast,  A.B.  1882     ....  Gloucester. 

Bachelder,  Thomas  Cogswell,  A.B.  1883.     .     .     .  South  Boston. 

Backus,  Henry  Clinton,  A.B.  1871 New  York,  N.Y. 

Bacon,  Charles  Franklin,  A.B.  1882 Newton. 

Bacon,  Charles  William,  A.B.  1879 Natick. 

Bacon,  Francis  McNeil,  Jr,  A.B.  1884     ....  New  York,  N.Y. 

Bacon,  Gorham,  A.B.  1875 New  York,  N.Y. 

Bacon,  Grenville,  A.B.  1857 Roxbury. 

Bacon,  John  William,  A.B.  1843 Natick. 

Bacon,  Jonas  Edward,  A.B.  1875 Brockton. 

Bacon,  Robert,  A.B.  1880 Boston. 

Bacon,  William  Benjamin,  A.B.  1841      ....  Jamaica  Plain. 

Bacon,  William  Francis,  A.B.  1885 Newton. 

Bailey,  Hollis  Russell,  A.B.  1877 Boston. 

Baird,  Spencer  Fullerton,  LL.D.,  Secretary  Smith- 
sonian Institution Washington,  D.C. 

Baker,  Amos  Prescott,  A.B.  1867 Newport,  R.I. 

Baker,  Charles  Francis,  A.B.  1872 Fitchburg. 

Baker,  Edward  Wild,  A.B.  1882 Brookline. 

Baker,  Ezra  Henry,  A.B.  1881 Boston. 

Baker,  James  Eliot,  A.B.  1883 Brookline. 

Baker,  Lucas  Lee,  A.B.  1883 East  Templeton. 

Baker,  Wendell,  A.B.  1886 New  York,  N.Y. 

Balch,  Francis  Vergnies,  A.B.  1859 Jamaica  Plain. 

Baldwin,  Thomas  Tileston,  A.B.  1886     ....  Jamaica  Plain. 


330  REGISTRATION. 

Baldwin,  Thomas  Williams.  A.B.  1873    ....  Bangor,  Me. 

Ball,  George  Homer,  A.B.  1869 Worcester. 

Bancroft,  Charles  Parker,  A.B.  1874 Concord,  N.H. 

Bancroft,  Jacob,  A.B.  1884 Cambridge. 

Bancroft,  John  Chandler,  A.B.  1854 Milton. 

Bangs,  Elisha  Dillingham,  A.B.  1866       ....  Boston. 

Banker,  Benson  Beria,  A.B.  1866 Boston. 

Banks,  Nathaniel  Prentice,  LL.D.  1858    ....  Waltham. 

Barker,  William  Torrey,  A.B.  1873 Boston. 

Barlow,  George  Francis,  A.B.  1882 Brooklyn,  N.Y. 

Barnard,  Frederick  Augustus  Porter,  S.T.D.,  LL.D., 

L.H.D.,  President  of  Columbia  College  .  .  .  New  York,  N.Y. 

Barnard,  George  Middleton,  A.B.  1857    ....  Boston. 

Barnes,  Albert  Mallard,  A.B.  1871 Cambridge. 

Barnes,  Charles  Maynard,  A.B.  1877 Boston. 

Barnes,  Walter  Saunders,  Jr.,  A.B.  1S84      .     .    .  Somerville. 

Barnes,  William,  S.B.  1883 Boston. 

Barnes,  William  Sanford,  A.B.  1886 San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Barrett,  George  Campbell,  A.B.  1856      ....  Boston. 

Barrett,  Harry  Hudson,  A.B.  1874 Maiden. 

Barrett,  Luther  Gustavus,  A.B.  1862 South  Boston. 

Barrett,  William,  A.B.  1859 St.  Paul,  Minn. 

Barrows,  Charles  Henry,  A.B.  1876 Springfield. 

Barrows,  Samuel  June,  B.D.  1875 Dorchester. 

Barstow,  Henry  Taylor,  A.B.  1880 Boston. 

Bartlett,  Frederick  Carew  Smythe,  A.B.  1875  .     .  New  Bedford. 

Bartlett,  Henry,  A.B.  1885 Lowell. 

Bartlett,  John,  A.M.  1871 Cambridge. 

Bartlett,  Nathaniel  Cilley,  A.B.  1880 Haverhill. 

Bartlett,  Nelson  Slater,  A.B.  1871 Boston. 

Bartlett,  Samuel  Colcord,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  President 

of  Dartmouth  College Hanover,  N.H. 

Bartlett,  Stephen  Smith,  A.B.  1885 Boston. 

Batchelder,  Charles  Edwin,  A.B.  1873      ....  Portsmouth,  N.H. 

Batchelder,  Samuel,  A.B.  1851 Cambridge. 

Batchelor,  George,  A.B.  1866 Wellesley  Hills. 

Bates,  Benjamin  Edward,  A.B.  1884 New  York,  N.Y. 

Bates,  Waldron,  A.B.  1879 Boston. 

Bates,  William  Clinton,  A.B.  1877 Canton. 

Baxter,  George  Lewis,  A.B.  1863 Somerville. 

Bayard,  Thomas  Francis,  Secretary  of  State       .     .  Washington,  D.C. 

Baylies,  Edmund  Lincoln,  A.B.  1879 New  York,  N.Y. 

Baylies,  Walter  Cabot,  A.B.  1884 Taunton. 

Beach,  John  Wesley,  President  of  Wesleyan  Uni- 
versity    Middletown,  Ct. 

Beal,  Thomas  Prince,  A.B.  1869 Boston. 

Beale,  Joseph  Henry,  Jr.,  A.B.  1882 Dorchester. 

Beals,  Joshua  Gardner,  A  B.  1858 Boston. 

Beaman,  Charles  Cotesworth,  A.B.  1861.    .     .     .  New  York,  N.Y. 


REGISTRATION.  331 

Beaman,  Harry  Clayton,  A  B.  1885 Princeton. 

Beaman,  William  Stacy,  A.B.  1872 New  York,  N.Y. 

Beane,  Samuel  Collins,  A.B.  1861 Salem. 

Beatley,  James  Augustus,  A.B.  1873       ....  Chelsea. 

Beckwith,  Loring  Everett,  A.B.  1864       ....  Cambridge. 

Bellows,  Russell  Nevins,  A.B.  1864 New  York,  N.Y. 

Belmont,  Raymond  Rodgers,  A.B.  1886  ....  New  York,  N.Y. 

Bemis,  Charles  Vose,  A.B.  1835 Medford. 

Bemis,  John  Wheeler,  A.B.  1885 Cambridge. 

Bemis,  Jonathan  Wheeler,  A.B.  1830      ....  Cambridge. 

Bendelari,  George  Anacletus  Conrad,  A.B.  1874   .  New  Haven,  Conn. 

Bennett,  Samuel  Crocker,  A.B.  1879 Boston. 

Bent,  Samuel  Arthur,  LL.B.  1865 Boston. 

Berry,  John  King,  A.B.  1876 Roxbury. 

Bettens,  Edward  Detraz,  A.B.  1873 New  York,  N.Y. 

Bettens,  Thomas  Simms,  A.B.  1874 New  York,  N.Y. 

Bickford,  Robert,  A.B.  1851 Somerville. 

Bickford,  Robert  Sloan,  A.B.  1885 Somerville. 

Bicknell,  Edward,  A.B.  1876 Boston. 

Bierwirth,  Heinrich  Conrad,  A.B.  1884    ....  Andover. 

Bigelow,  Alanson,  A.B.  1858 Cambridge. 

Bigelow,  Frank  Winthrop,  A.B.  1854      ....  Charlestow. 

Bigelow,  George  Brooks,  A.B.  1856 Boston. 

Bigelow,  Marshall  Train,  A.M.  1864 Cambridge. 

Bigelow,  Melville  Madison,  Ph.D.  1879  ....  Cambridge. 

Bigelow,  William  Sturgis,  A.B.  1871 Boston. 

Billings,  John  Shaw,  M.D.,  Surgeon- General's  Office  Washington,  D.C. 

Binney,  Amos,  A.B.  1879 Walpole. 

Binney,  John,  A.B.  1864 Middletown,  Conn. 

Bird,  Charles  Sumner,  A.B.  1877 East  Walpole. 

Birtwell,  Charles  Wesley,  A.B.  1885  ' Boston. 

Bishop,  Robert  Roberts,  Jr.,  A.B.  1880  ....  Newton  Centre. 

Bishop,  Thomas  Wetmore,  A.  B.  1863     ....  Salem. 

Bissell,  Herbert  Porter,  A.B.  1880 Buffalo,  N.Y. 

Bixby,  James  Thompson,  A.B.  1864 Arlington. 

Blagden,  George,  A.B.  1856 New  York,  N.Y. 

Blair,  Lafayette  Gilbert,  A.B.  1878 Cambridge. 

Blake,  Harrison  Gray  Otis,  A.B.  1835     ....  Worcester. 

Blake,  Samuel  Parkman,  Jr.,  A.B.  1855      .     .     .  Boston. 

Blake,  William  Payne,  A.B.  1866 Boston. 

Blanchard,  Andrew  Delaval,  A.B.  1842  ....  North  Andover. 

Blanchard,  Henry,  A.B.  1834 Neponset. 

Blanchard,  Herbert  Wheeler,  A.B.  1884       .     .     .  Concord. 

Blinn,  George  Richard,  A.B.  1885 Bedford. 

Bliss,  Edward  Penniman,  A.B.  1873 Lexington. 

Bliss,  Henry  Warren,  A.B.  1884 Boston. 

Blodgett,  William  Ashley,  A.B.  1882 Cambridge. 

Boardman,  Waldo  Elias,  D.M.D.  1886     ....  Boston. 

Boardman,  William  Elbridge,  A.B.  1865     .    .    .  Boston. 


332  REGISTRATION. 

Bodge,  George  Madison,  B.D.  1878 East  Boston. 

Boit,  Edward  Barley,  Jr.,  A. B.  1863 Boston. 

Boit,  Robert  Apthorp,  A.B.  1868 Brookline. 

Bolan,  Joel  Carleton,  A.B.  1876 Roxbury. 

Bolles,  Frank,  LL.B.  1882 Cambridge. 

Bolles,  William  Palmer,  M.D.  1871 Roxbury. 

Bolster,  Percy  Gardner,  A.B.  1886 Roxbury. 

Bombaugh,  Charles  Carroll,  A.B.  1850    ....  Baltimore,  Md. 

Bonaparte,  Charles  Joseph,  A.B.  1871      ....  Baltimore,  Md. 

Bond,  George  William,  A.M.  1874 Jamaica  Plain. 

Bond,  Lawrence,  A.B.  1877 West  Newton. 

Bond,  William  St.urgis,  A.B.  1859 Jamaica  Plain. 

Booth,  William  Ferris,  S.B.  1884 Poughkeepsie,  N.Y. 

Borland,  William  Gibson,  A.B.  1886 New  London,  Conn. 

Bouve",  Walter  Lincoln,  LL.B.  1879 Hingham. 

Bowditch,  Alfred,  A.B.  1876 Jamaica  Plain. 

Bowditch,  Charles  Pickering,  A.B.  1863       .     .     .  Jamaica  Plain. 

Bowditch,  Edward,  A.B.  1869 Albany,  N.Y. 

Bowditch,  Henry  Ingersoll,  A.B.  1828     ....  Boston. 

Bowditch,  Henry  Pickering,  A.B.  1861    ....  Jamaica  Plain. 

Bowditch,  Jonathan  Ingersoll,  A.M.  1849     .     .     .  Jamaica  Plain. 

Bowditch,  Vincent  Yardley,  A.B.  1875   ....  Boston. 

Bowen,  Charles  Stuart,  A.B.  1871 Cambridge. 

Bowen,  Francis,  A.B.  1833 Cambridge. 

Bowen,  James  Williams,  A.B.  1882 Boston. 

Boyd,  Alexander,  Jr.  A.B.  1882 Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Boyd,  William  Willard,  A.B.  1871 St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Boyden,  Roland  William,  A.B.  1885 Beverly. 

Boyden,  William  Cowper,  A.B.  1886 Sheffield,  111. 

Bradbury,  William  Howard,  A.B.  1881    ....  Cambridge. 

Bradford,  Charles  Frederick,  A.M.  1860  .     .     .     .  Roxbury. 

Bradford,  Edward  Hickling,  A.B.  1869    .     .     .     .  Boston. 

Bradford,  Gamaliel,  A.B.  1849 Cambridge. 

Bradford,  George  Gardner,  A.B.  1886      ....  Dorchester. 

Bradford,  George  Hillard,  A.B.  1876 Roxbury. 

Bradford,  George  Partridge,  A.B.  1825    ....  Cambridge. 

Bradford,  Russell,  A.B.  1880 Cambridge. 

Bradish,  Frank  Eliot,  A.B.  1878 Boston. 

Bradlee,  Josiah,  A.B.  1858 Boston. 

Bradley,  Charles  Smith,  A.B.  1833 Providence,  R.I. 

Bradley,  Frederick,  D.M.D.  1886 Dedham. 

Bradley,  John  Dorr,  A.B.  1886 Boston. 

Bradley,  Richards  Merry,  A.B.  1882 Boston. 

Bradley,  Robert  Stow,  A.B.  1876 Boston. 

Brai nerd,  Ezra,  President  of  Middlebury  College    .  Middlebury,  Vt. 

Braman,  Grenville  Davies,  A.B.  1885      ....  Boston. 

Brandegee,  Edward  Deshon,  A.B.  1881   ....  Utica,  N.Y. 

Brannan,  John  Winters,  A.B.  1874 New  York,  N.Y. 

Breed,  Amos  Franklin,  Jr.,  A.B.  1880    ....  Lynn. 


REGISTRATION.  333 

Brett,  Henry,  A.B.  1869 Calumet,  Mich. 

Brewer,  William  Augustus,  Jr.,  S.B.  1854    .     .     .  South  Orange,  N.J. 

Brewer,  William  Dade,  Jr.,  A.B.  1886     ....  Boston. 

Brewster,  Frank,  A.B.  1879 Roxbury. 

Brewster,  William,  A.B.  1881 Boston. 

Bridge,  John  Ransom,  A.B.  1884 LeRoy,  N.Y. 

Bridge,  Josiah,  A.B.  1884 Cambridge. 

Bridge,  Samuel  James,  A.M.  1880 Dresden,  Me. 

Bridgman,  Lewis  Jesse,  A.B.  1881 No.  Andover  Depot. 

Briggs,  George  Ware,  B.D.  1834 Cambridge. 

Briggs,  LeBaron  Russell,  A.B.  1875 Cambridge. 

Brigham,  Clifford,  A.B.  1880 Salem. 

Brigham,  Lincoln  Flagg,  LL.B.  1844,  Chief  Justice 

of  the  Superior  Court Salem. 

Brigham,  William  Tufts,  A.B.  1862 Boston. 

Brimmer,  Martin,  A.B.  1849 Boston. 

Brinsmade,  William  Gold,  A.B.  1881      ....  Washington,  Conn. 

Brooks,  Arthur,  A.B.  1867 New  York,  N.Y. 

Brooks,  Arthur  Anderson,  A.B.  1879 Greenfield. 

Brooks,  Francis  Augustus,  A.B.  1842 Boston. 

Brooks,  Francis  Boott,  LL  B.  1846 Boston. 

Brooks,  Frederick,  A.B.  1868 Boston. 

Brooks,  George  Merrick,  A.B.  1844 Concord. 

Brooks,    George    Wolcott,    Pastor    of  the    First 

Church,  Charlestown Charlestown. 

Brooks,  James  Willson,  LL.B.  1858 Cambridge. 

Brooks,  John,  A.B.  1856 Cambridge. 

Brooks,  John  Cotton,  A.B.  1872 Springfield. 

Brooks,  Phillips,  A.B.  1855 Boston. 

Brooks,  Stephen  Driver,  M.D.  1882 Evansville,  Ind. 

Broughton,  Henry  White,  A.B.  1875  :     .     .     .     .  Jamaica  Plain. 

Brown,  Addison,  A.B.  1852 New  York,  N.Y. 

Brown,  Benjamin  Graves,  A.B.  1858 College  Hill. 

Brown,  Charles  Albert,  A.B.  1886 Framingham. 

Brown,  Charles  Rufus,  A.B.  1877 Newton  Centre. 

Brown,  Crawford  Richmond,  A.B.  1886   ....  Cambridgeporfc. 

Brown,  Edward  Jackson,  A.B.  1855 Boston. 

Brown,  Edward  Wyeth,  A.B.  1851 Belmont. 

Brown,  Francis  Henry,  A.B.  1857 Boston. 

Brown,  Frederick  Tilden,  A.B.  1877 New  York,  N.Y. 

Brown,  George  William,  A  B.  1884 Concord. 

Brown,  Henry  Hobart,  A.B.  1876, Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Brown,  Henry  William,  A.B.  1852 Worcester. 

Brown,  Howard  Kinmonth,  A.B.  1879     ....  Framingham. 

Brown,  John  Freeman,  A  B.  1872 Boston. 

Brown,  John  Murray,  A.B.  1863 Belmont. 

Brown,  John  Patrick,  A.B.  1861 East  Boston. 

Brown,  Melvin,  A.B.  1863 Brooklyn,  N.Y. 

Brown,  Romeo  Green,  A.B.  1884 Montpelier,  Vt. 


334  REGISTRATION. 

Brown,  William  Reynolds,  LL.B.  1871    ....  New  York,  N.Y. 

Browne,  Edward  Ingersoll,  A. B.  1855      ....  Boston. 

Browne,  George  Henry,  A.B.  1878 Cambridge. 

Browne,  Henry  Rossiter  Worthington,  A.B.  1881  Jamaica  Plain. 

Browne,  John  Kittredge,  A.B.  1869 Harpoot,  E.  Turkey. 

Brownell,  Thomas  Franklin,  A.B.  1865     ....  New  York,  N.Y. 

Brownlow,  William  Albert,  A.B.  1876      ....  Cambridge. 

Bruce,  Edward  Pierson,  A.B.  1877 Salem. 

Brush,  Abraham  Stevens,  LL.B.  1885      ....  Boston. 
Brush,  George  Jarvis,  Professor  of  Mineralogy  at 

Yale  College New  Haven,  Conn. 

Bryant,  George  Butler,  A.B.  1886 Boston. 

Bryant,  John  Duncan,  A.B.  1853 Boston. 

Bryant,  John  Sweeney,  A.B.  1882 Buffalo,  N.Y. 

Bryant,  Louis  Lincoln,  M.D.  1874 Cambridge. 

Bryant,  William  Sohier,  A.B.  1884 Cohasset. 

Buckham,  Matthew  Henry,  D.D.,  President  of  the 

University  of  Vermont Burlington,  Vt. 

Buckingham,  John  Albert,  B.D.  1839       ....  Newton. 

Buckingham,  Edgar,  A.B.  1831 Deerfield. 

Buckley,  Philip  Townsend,  A.B.  1880      ....  South  Boston. 

Buell,  George  Clifford,  A.B.  1882 Rochester,  N  Y. 

Buff  urn,  Charles  Thomas,  A.B.  1874 New  York,  N.Y. 

Buffum,  Walter  Nutting,  LL.B.  1883      ....  Boston. 

Bulkeley,  Benjamin  Reynolds,  B.D.  1882     .     .     .  Concord. 

Bullard,  John  Lincoln,  A.B.  1861 New  York,  N.Y. 

Bullard,  John  Richards,  LL.B.  1866 Dedham. 

Bullard,  Stephen,  A.B.  1878 Boston. 

Bullock,  Augustus  George,  A.B.  1868 Worcester. 

Bullock,  Rufus  Augustus,  A.B.  1871 Boston. 

Bunker,  Frederic  Story,  A.B.  1884 Boston. 

Bunton,  George  Wadley,  A.B.  1870 North  Cambridge. 

Bunton,  William  Augustus,  A.B.  1867     ....  Boston. 

Burch,  James  Merrill,  A.B.  1883 Necedah,  Wis. 

Burdett,  George  Albert,  A.B.  1881 Brookline. 

Burdett,  Herbert  Channing,  A.B.  1878    ....  Brookline. 

Burgess,  Edward  Phillips,  LL.B.  1854     ....  Dedham. 

Burlingham,  Charles  Culp,  A.B.  1879      ....  New  York,  N.Y. 

Burnett,  Harry,  A.B.  1873 Boston. 

Burnham,  Arthur,  A.B.  1870 Roxbury. 

Burr,  Charles  Henry,  S.B.  1879 Roxbury. 

Burr,  Heman  Merrick,  A.B.  1877 Chestnut  Hill. 

Burr,  Isaac  Tucker,  Jr.,  A.B.  1879 Boston. 

Burrage,  Albert  Cameron,  A.B.  1883 Boston. 

Burrage,  George  Dixwell,  A.B.  1883 Chestnut  Hill. 

Burrage,  Walter  Lincoln,  A.B.  1883 Boston. 

Burrage,  William  Wirt,  A.B.  1856 Cambridge. 

Burt,  Charles  Dean,  A.B.  1882 Tauuton. 

Burt,  Frank  Leslie,  M.D.  1885 Boston. 


REGISTRATION.  335 

Burt,  John  Otis,  A.B.  1858 Syracuse,  N.Y. 

Bush,  Samuel  Dacre,  A.B.  1871 Boston. 

Bush,  Solon  Wanton,  B.D.  1848 Boston. 

Buswell,  Henry  Foster,  A.B.  1866 Canton. 

Butler,  Harry,  A.B.  1879 Portland,  Me. 

Butler,  Prescott  Hall,  A.B.  1869 New  York,  N.Y. 

Butler,  Sigourney,  A.B.  1877 Quincy. 

Butterfield,  Horatio  Quincy,  A.B.  1848,  President 

of  Olivet  College Olivet,  Mich. 

Buxton,  William  Albert,  A.M.  1886 Cambridge. 

Byerly,  William  Elwood,  A.B.  1871 Cambridge. 

Byrne,  James,  A.B.  1877 New  York,  N.Y. 

Byrnes,  Michael  Joseph,  S.J Boston. 

CABOT,  Edward  Twisleton,  A.B.  1883    ....  Brookline. 

Cabot,  Francis  Elliot,  A.B.  1880 Mattapan. 

Cabot,  Godfrey  Lowell,  A.B.  1882 Cambridge. 

Cabot,  Henry  Bromfield,  A.B.  1883 Brookline. 

Cabot,  James  Elliot,  A.B.  1840 Brookline. 

Cabot,  John  Higginson,  A.B.  1850 Brookline. 

Cabot,  Thomas  Handasyd,  A.B.  1886 Brookline. 

Cabot,  Walter  Channing,  A.B.  1850 Brookline. 

Cadbury,  Richard  Tupper,  A.B.  1877 Boston. 

Calhoun,  Arthur  Langmaid,  A.B.  1885     ....  Boston. 

Cammann,  Henry  Lorillard,  A.B.  1886    ....  New  York,  N.Y. 

Campbell,  William  Taylor,  A.B.  1875       ....  Quincy. 

Canfield,  Charles  Taylor,  A.B.  1852 Cambridge. 

Capen,  Edward,  A.B.  1842 Haverhill. 

Capen,  Elmer  Hewitt,  D.D.,  President  of  Tvfts 

College       College  Hill. 

Capen,  Francis  Lemuel,  A.B.  1839 Boston. 

Capen,  John,  A.B.  1840 Boston. 

Carll,  Walter  Ed  ward,  M.D.  1885 Greendeld. 

Carnochan,  Gouverneur  Morris,  A.B.  1886  .     .     .  New  York,  N.Y. 

Carpenter,  Frank  Oliver,  A.B.  1880 Boston. 

Carpenter,  Frederic  Ives,  A.B.  1885 Chicago,  111. 

Garret,  James  Russell,  A.B.  1867 Boston. 

Garret,  Jose  Francisco,  S.B.  1856 Cambridge. 

Carroll,  Royal  Phelps,  A.B.  1885 New  York,  N.Y. 

Carter,  Frank,  A.B.  1875 North  Woburn. 

Carter,    Franklin,   Ph.D.,   LL.D.,   President    of 

Williams  College Williamstown. 

Carter,  James  Coolidge,  A.B.  1850 New  York,  N.Y. 

Gary,  Walter,  A.B.  1879 Buffalo.  N.Y. 

Casas,  William  Beltran  de  las,  A.B.  1879    .     .     .  Maiden. 

Casey,  John  Francis,  A.B.  1868 Boston. 

Cate,  Martin  Luther,  A.B.  1877 Boston. 

Chace,  George  Frederic,  A.B.  1866 Taunton. 

Chadbourne,  Thomas  Lincoln,  A.B.  1862    .     .    .  Houghton,  Mich. 


336  REGISTRATION. 

Chadwick,  James  Read,  A.B.  1865 Boston. 

Chamberlain,  Allen  Howard,  A.B.  1885  ....  Foxcroft,  Me. 

Chamberlain,  David  Blaisdell,  A.B.  1886      .     .     .  W.  Hingham. 

Chamberlain,  Eugene  Tyler,  A.B.  1878   ....  Albany,  N.Y. 

Chamberlain,  Nathan  Henry,  A.B.  1853  ....  East  Boston. 

Chamberlaine,  Augustus  Porter,  A.B.  1847.     .     .  Concord. 

Chamberlayne,  Charles  Frederick,  A.B.  1878  .     .  East  Boston. 

Chandler,  Alfred  Dupont,  A.B.  1868 Brookline. 

Chandler,  Horace  Parker,  A.B.  1864 Jamaica  Plain. 

Chandler,  John,  A.B.  1883 Dorchester. 

Chandler,  Thomas  Henderson,  A.B.  1848     .     .     .  Boston. 

Chanler,  Winthrop  Astor,  A.B.  1885 Barrytown,  N.Y. 

Channing,  Edward,  A.B.  1878 Cambridge. 

Channing,  Francis  Allston,  M.  P London,  Eng. 

Chapin,  Frank  Woodruff,  A.B.  1876 New  York,  N.Y. 

Chapin,  Henry  Bainbridge,  A.B.  1880     ....  Boston. 

Chapin,  Henry  Gardner,  A.B.  1882 Springfield. 

Chapin,  Herbert  Allen,  A.B.  1871 Somerville. 

Chaplin,  Heman  White,  A.B.  1867 Boston. 

Chaplin,  Winfield  Scott,  West  Point,  1870  .     .     .  Cambridge. 

Chapman,  John  Jay,  A.B.  1884       New  York,  N.Y. 

Chase,  Charles  Augustus,  A.B.  1855 Worcester. 

Chase,  Daniel  La  Forest,  A.B.  1864 West  Somerville. 

Chase,  George  Bigelow,  A.B.  1856 Boston. 

Chase,  George  Colby,  A.  M. ,  Professor  of  English 

Literature  in  Bates  College Lewiston,  Me. 

Chase,  Heman  Lincoln,  A.B.  1882 Boston. 

Chase,  Theodore,  A.B.  1853 Boston. 

Chase,  Thomas  Herbert,  A.B.  1885 Haverford  Coll.,  Pa. 

Chase,  Walter  Greenough,  A.B.  1882  .....  Brookline. 

Chatard,  Thomas  Marean,  S.B.  1871 Washington,  D.C. 

Chauncey,  Charles,  A.B.  1859 Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Chauncey,  Elihu,  A.B.  1861 New  York,  N.Y. 

Cheever,  Clarence  Alonzo,  S.B.  1881 Mattapan. 

Cheever,  David  Williams,  A.B.  1852 Boston. 

Chenery,  Winthrop  Louis,  A.B.  1867 Belmont. 

Cheney,  Edwards,  A.B.  1882 Lowell. 

Cheney,  William  Franklin,  A.B.  1873      ....  Walnut  Hill,  Dedham. 

Child,  Francis  James,  A.B.  1846 Cambridge. 

Child,  Linus  Mason,  LL.B.  1859 Boston. 

Childs,  Nathaniel,  A.M.  1869 Charlestown. 

Choate,  Charles  Francis,  A.B.  1849 Southborough. 

Choate,  Joseph  Hodges,  A.B.  1852 New  York,  N.Y. 

Choate,  William,  A.  B.  1881 Beverly. 

Churchill,  Asaph,  A.B.  1831 ,     .  Boston. 

Churchill,  Charles  Marshall  Spring,  A.B.  1845      .  Milton. 

Churchill,  Frank  Spooner,  A.B.  1886 Milton. 

Churchill,  John  Maitland  Brewer,  A.B.  1879   .     .  Dorchester. 

Churchill,  John  Wesley,  A.B.  1865 Andover. 


REGISTRATION.  337 

Claflin,  Adams  Davenport,  A.B.  1886 Newtonville. 

Claflin,  William,  LL.D.  1869 Newtonville. 

Clapp,  Channing,  A.B.  1855 Boston. 

Clapp,  Clift  Rogers,  A.B.  1884 South  Boston. 

Clapp,  Robert  Parker,  A.B.  1879 Lexington. 

Clark,  David  Crawford,  A.B.  1886 New  York,  N.Y. 

Clark,  Frank  Haven,  A.B.  1884 Boston. 

Clark,  Joseph  Payson,  A.B.  1882 Boston. 

Clark,  George  Faber,  B.D.  1846 Hubbardston. 

Clark,  Horace,  A.B.  1885 Somerville. 

Clark,  Leonard  Brown,  A.B.  1885 Weston. 

Clark,  Louis  Monroe,  A.B.  1881 Dorchester. 

Clark,  Walter  Thomas,  A.B.  1886 Cambridgeport. 

Clarke,  Augustus  Peck,  M.D.  1862 Cambridge. 

Clarke,  Eliot  Channing,  A.B.  1867 Boston. 

Clarke,  Frank  Wigglesworth,  S.B.  1867  ....  Washington,  D.C. 

Clarke,  James  Freeman,  A.B.  1829 Jamaica  Plain. 

Clarke,  Samuel  Belcher,  A.B.  1874 New  York,  N.Y. 

Cleaves,  James  Edwin,  A.B.  1876 Medford. 

Cleveland,  Clement,  A.B.  1867 New  York,  N.Y. 

Cleveland,  Grover,  President  of  United  States  .     .  Washington,  D.C. 

Clifford,  Charles  Warren,  A.B.  1865 New  Bedford. 

Clifford,  Walter,  A.B.  1871 New  Bedford. 

Clymer,  William  Branford  Shubrick,  A.B.  1876  .  Cambridge. 

Coale,  George  Oliver  George,  A.B.  1874       .     .     .  Jamaica  Plain. 

Cobb,  Charles  Henry,  M.D.  1881 Boston. 

Cobb,  Frederic  Codman,  A.B.  1884 Boston. 

Coburn,  George  Albert,  M.D.  1873 Cambridge. 

Codman,  Benjamin  Storer,  M.D.  1845     ....  Boston. 

Codman,  Charles  Russell,  A.B.  1849 Cotuit. 

Codman,  Edmund  Dwight,  A.B.  1886     ....  Boston. 

Codman,  James  Macmaster,  Jr.,  A.B.  1884      .     .  Brookline. 

Codman,  John,  A.  B.  1885     ........  Boston. 

Coffey,  John  Augustine,  LL  B.  1871 Boston. 

Cogan,  Joseph  Ambrose,  A.B.  1884 Cambridge. 

Coggeshall,  Frederic,  A.B.  1886 Cambridge. 

Cogswell,  Edward  Russell,  A.B.  1864     ....  Cambridge. 

Cogswell,  Francis,  A.M.  1881 Cambridgeport. 

Cohn,  Adolphe,  A.M.  Ecole  des  Charles,  Paris,  1874  Cambridge. 

Coit,  Robert,  A.B.  1883 Winchester. 

Colburn,  Theodore  Edson,  A.B.  1854      ....  Boston. 

Cole,  Charles  D'Urban  Morris,  A.B.  1883   .     .     .  New  York,  N.Y. 

Cole,  Frank  Nelson,  A.B.  1882 Marlborough. 

Cole,  John  Hanun,  A.B.  1870 New  York,  N.Y. 

Collier,  Hiram  Price,  B.D.  1882 Hingham. 

Collins,  Edward  Lyon,  A.B.  1885 West  Newton. 

Collins,  Frederic  Kelley,  A.B.  1874 Cambridge. 

Colony,  John  Joslin,  A.B.  1885 Keene,  N.H. 

Comey,  Arthur  Messinger,  A.B.  1882      ....  Somerville. 


338  REGISTRATION. 

Conant,  Ernest  Lee,  A.B.  1884 Webster. 

Conant,  William  Merritt,  A.B.  1879 Boston. 

Converse,  Charles  Henry,  A.B.  1881 Newton. 

Cook,  Frank  Gaylord,  A.B.  1882 Cambridge. 

Cook,  Robert  George,  A.B.  1886 Rochester,  N.Y. 

Cook,  Silas  Parsons,  A.B.  1867 Chelsea. 

Cooke,  Josiah  Parsons,  A.B.  1848 Cambridge. 

Cooley,   Thomas   Mclntyre,   LL.D.,   Professor  of 
Constitutional  Law  and  American   History   in 

Michigan  University.  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 

Coolidge,  Austin  Jacobs,  A.B.  1847 Watertown. 

Coolidge,  David  Hill,  A.B.  1854 Boston. 

Coolidge,  David  Hill,  Jr.,  A.B.  1886 Boston. 

Coolidge,  James  Ivers  Trecothick,  A.B.  1838    .     .  Cambridge. 

Coolidge,  John  Gardner,  A.B  1884 Boston. 

Coolidge,  John  Templeman,  A.B.  1879    ....  Boston. 

Coolidge,  Joseph  Swett,  A.B.  1849 Boston. 

Coolidge,  Louis  Arthur,  A.B.  1883 Springfield. 

Coolidge,  Sumner,  A.B.  1883 Mt.  Auburn. 

Coolidge,  Thomas  Jefferson,  A.B.  1850    ....  Boston. 

Coolidge,  Thomas  Jefferson,  Jr.,  A.B.  1884  .     .     .  Manchester. 

Coolidge,  William  Henry,  A.B.  1881 Natick. 

Coolidge,  William  Williamson,  A  B.  1879    .     .     .  Salem. 

Corey,  Arthur  Deloraine,  A.B.  1886 Maiden. 

Cotting,  Benjamin  Eddy,  A.B.  1834 Roxbmy. 

Couch,  Joseph  Daniel,  M.D.  1883 Somerville. 

Coverly,  George  Todd,  Jr.,  A.B.  1879      ....  Maiden. 

Cowdin,  John  Elliot,  A.B.  1879 New  York,  N.Y. 

Cox,  Henry  Joseph,  A.B.  1884 Boston. 

Cox,  Wilraot  Townsend,  A.B.  1879 New  York,  N.Y. 

Coxe,  Henry  Brinton,  A.B.  1885 Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Crafts,  George  Inglis,  A.B.  1833 Charleston,  S.C. 

Craigin,  George  Arthur,  A.B.  1885 Boston. 

Cranch,  Christopher  Pearse,  B.D.  1836  ....  Cambridge. 

Crawford,  Frank  Lindsay,  A.B.  1879       ....  New  York,  N.Y. 

Creesy,  Frank  Leonard,  A.B.  1882 Brookline. 

Creighton,  Mandell,  M.A.,  Senior  Fellow  of  Em- 
manuel College,  and  Professor  of  Ecclesiastical 
History  in  the  University  of  Cambridge,  Eng.  ; 

Canon  of  Worcester Cambridge,  Eng. 

Crocker,  Adams,  A.B.  1885 Fitchburg. 

Crocker,  George  Glover,  A.B.  1864 Boston. 

Crocker,  George  Uriel,  A.B.  1884 Boston. 

Crocker,  Henry  Horace,  Jr.,  A.B.  1874    ....  New  York,  N.Y. 

Crocker,  Uriel  Haskell,  A.B.  1853 Boston. 

Crocker,  William  Tufts,  A.B.  1884 Fitchburg. 

Crosby,  George  Washington,  A.B.  1858    ....  Newton. 

Croswell,  James  Greenleaf,  A.B.  1873      ....  Cambridge. 

Croswell,  Simon  Greenleaf,  A.B.  1875 Cambridge. 


REGISTRATION.  339 

Crowninshield,  Benjamin  William,  A.B.  1858  .     .  Boston. 

Cruft,  Samuel  Breck,  A.B.  1836 Boston. 

Cummings,  Edward,  A.B.  1883 Lynn. 

Cummings,  Prentiss,  A  B.  1864 Brookline. 

Cummins,  Thomas  Kittredge,  Jr.,  A.B.  1884    .     .  Boston. 

Cunningham,  Henry  Winchester,  A.B.  1882     .     .  Boston. 

Cunningham,  Horace,  A.B.  1846 New  York,  N.Y. 

Cunningham,  Stanley,  A.B.  1877 Boston. 

Curtis,  Allen,  A.B.  1884 Boston. 

Curtis,  Charles  Pelhain,  A.B.  1845 Boston. 

Curtis,  Charles  Pelham,  Jr.,  A.B.  1883   ....  Boston. 

Curtis,  George  William,  LL.D.  1881   .     .    .    West  New  Brighton,  N.Y 

Curtis,  Hall,  A.B.  1854 Boston. 

Curtis,  Hamilton  Rowan,  A.B.  1885 Boston. 

Curtis,  Horatio  Greenough,  A.B.  18G5     ....  Boston. 

Curtis,  Laurence,  A.B.  1870 Boston. 

Curtis,  Louis,  A.B.  1870 Boston. 

Curtis,  Rest  Fenner,  A.B.  1870 Boston. 

Gushing,  Ernest  Watson,  A.B.  1867 Boston. 

Gushing,  Grafton  Dulaney,  A.B.  1885      ....  Boston. 
Gushing,  Hay  ward  Warren,  A.B.  1877     ....  Boston. 
Gushing,  Hon.  Henry  Greenwood,  Sheriff  of  Mid- 
dlesex County Lowell. 

Gushing,  Joseph  Mackenzie,  A.B.  1855    ....  Baltimore,  Md. 

Gushing,  Livingston,  A.B.  1879 Weston. 

Gushing,  Louis  Thomas,  A.B.  1870 Cohasset. 

Cushing,  Marshall  Henry,  A.B.  1883 Hingham. 

Gushing,  Thomas,  A.B.  1834 Boston. 

Cushman,  Archibald  Falconer,  LL.B  ,1852      .     .  New  York,  N.Y. 

Cushman,  Lysander  William,  A.B.  1886       .     .     .  Newville,  Gal. 

Cushman,  Rufus  Cutler,  A.B.  1869 Cambridge. 

Cutler,  Elbridge  Gerry,  A.B.  1868 Boston. 

Cutler,  Samuel  Newton,  A.B.  1877 Somerville. 

Cutter,  Charles  Ammi,  A.B.  1855 Boston. 

Cutter,  Charles  Kimball,  M.D.  1876 Charlestown. 

Cutter,  Frederick  Spaulding,  A.B.  1874    ....  Cambridge. 

Cutter,  Leonard  Francis,  A.B.  1867 Andover. 

Cutter,  Marshall  Munroe,  A.B.  1864 Brookline. 

Cutter,  William  Everett,  A.B.  1869 Worcester. 

DABNEY,  Alfred  Stackpole,  A.B.  1871     ....  Boston. 

Dabney,  George  Stackpole,  A.B.  1863      ....  Boston. 

Dabney,  Louis  Stackpole,  A.B.  1861 Boston. 

Dabney,  Ralph  Pomeroy,  A.B.  1882 Fayal,  Azores. 

Daland,  Edward  Francis,  A.B.  1856 Boston. 

Daland,  Tucker,  A.B.  1873 Brookline. 

Dale,  William  Johnson,  A.B.  1837 North  Andover. 

Dalzell,  John  Whitney,  A.B.  1879 Cambridge, 

Dame,  Walter  Reeves,  A.B.  1883 Clinton. 


340  REGISTRATION. 

Dana,  George  Earaes,  A.B.  1854 Syracuse,  N.Y. 

Dana,  James,  A.B.  1830 Boston. 

Dana,  James,  Jr.,  A.B.  1875 Dorchester. 

Dana,   James  Dwight,   Ph.D.,    LL.D.,  Professor 

of  Geology  and  Mineralogy  at  Yale  College       .  New  Haven,  Ct. 

Dana,  Richard  Henry,  A.B.  1874 Boston. 

Dana,  William  Franklin,  A.B.  1884 Boston. 

Danforth,  Allen,  A.B.  1866 Plymouth. 

Danforth,  Henry  Gold,  A.B.  1877 Rochester,  N.Y. 

Danforth,  William  Henry,  A.B.  1882       ....  Worcester. 

Daniell,  Moses  Grant,  A.B.  1863 Roxbury. 

Daniels,  Frank  Herbert,  A.B.  1879     .....  New  York,  N.Y. 

Darling,  Frederick  Homer,  A.B.  1884      ....  North  Cambridge. 

Davenport,  Bennett  Franklin,  A.B.  1867  ....  Boston. 

Davenport,  Francis  Henry,  M.D.  1874      ....  Boston. 

Daves,  Edward  Graham,  A.B.  1854 Baltimore,  Md. 

Davis,  Andrew  McFarland,  S.B.  1854       ....  Cambridge. 

Davis,  Bancroft  Gherardi,  A.B.  1885 Cambridge. 

Davis,  Charles  Gideon,  A.B.  1840 Plymouth. 

Davis,  Charles  Stevenson,  A.B.  1880 Plymouth. 

Davis,  Charles  Thornton,  A.B.  1884 Newton. 

Davis,  George  Alonzo,  A.B.  1845 Boston. 

Davis,  James  Clarke,  A.B.  1858 Boston. 

Davis,  John  Francis,  A.B.  1881 San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Davis,  Joseph  Edwin,  A.B.  1883 Lynn. 

Davis,  Robert  Thompson,  M.D.  1847 Fall  River. 

Davis,  Samuel  Warren,  A.B.  1877 West  Newton. 

Davis,  Simon,  A.B.  1876 .  Boston. 

Davis,  William  Morris,  S  B.  1870 Cambridge. 

Dawes,  Henry  Laurens,  U.  S.  Senator     ....  Pittsfield. 

Day,  Arthur  Kehew,  A.B.  1886 Concord,  N.H. 

Dean,  Clarence  Randall,  A.B.  1882 Taunton. 

Dean,  Francis  Winthrop,  S.B.  1875 Cambridge. 

Dean,  Louis  Bailey,  A.B.  1878 Brooklyn,  N.Y. 

Deane,  Charles,  A.M.  1856 Cambridge. 

Deane,  Walter,  A.B.  1870 Cambridge. 

Dearing,  Thomas  Haven,  M.D.  1861 Braintree. 

Delano,  Samuel,  A.B.  1879 Boston. 

Deming,  Horace  Edward,  A.B.  1871 New  York,  N.Y. 

Denegre,  Walter  Denis,  A.B.  1879 New  Orleans,  La. 

Denniston,  Arthur  Clark,  A.B.  1883 Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Denny,  Arthur  Briggs,  A.B.  1877 Brookline. 

Denny,  Clarence  Holbrook,  A.B.  1863      ....  Boston. 

Denny,  Daniel,  A.B.  1854 Boston. 

Denny,  Henry  Gardner,  A.B.  1852 Boston. 

De  Normandie,  James,  B.D.  1862,  Pastor  of  the 

First  Religious  Society,  Roxbury Roxbury. 

Denton,  Myron  Preston,  A.B.  1884 Saratoga,  N.Y. 

Derby,  Richard  Henry,  A.B.  1864 New  York,  N.Y. 


REGISTRATION.  341 

Devens,  Arthur  Lithgow,  A.B.  1874 Boston. 

Devens,  Charles,  A.B.  1838 Boston. 

Devens,  Samuel  Adams,  A.B.  1829 Boston. 

Dewey,  William  Richardson,  A.B.  1886  ....  Roxbury. 

Dexter,  Charles,  A.B.  1851 Cambridge. 

Dexter,  George,  A.B.  1855 Boston. 

Dexter,  George,  B.D.  1864 Dorchester. 

Dexter,  Julius,  A.B.  1860 Cincinnati,  O. 

Dexter,  William  Sohier,  A.B.  1846 Boston. 

Dickerman,  Frank  Elliot,  A.B.  1886 Somerville. 

Dickey,  Charles  Denston,  A.B.  1882 New  York,  N.Y. 

Dickinson,  Hon.  John  Woodbridge,  Secretary  Mass. 

Board  of  Education Boston. 

Dike,  Harrison,  A.B.  1886 Brooklyn,  N.Y. 

Dillaway,  George  Wales,  A.B.  1865 New  York,  N.Y. 

Dillingham,  Pitt,  B.D.  1876 Charlestown. 

Dimmock,  George,  A.B.  1877 Cambridge. 

Dixon,  Lewis  Seaver,  A.B.  1866 Boston. 

Dixwell,  Epes  Sargent,  A.B.  1827 Cambridge. 

Dixwell,  John,  A.B.  1870 Boston. 

Dodd,  Edward  Merrick,  A.B.  1880 Worcester. 

Dodge,  Edward  Sherman,  A.B.  1873 Cambridge. 

Dodge,  Frank  Faden,  A.B.  1880 Woburn. 

Dodge,  Frederic,  A.B.  1867 Belmont. 

Dodge,  William  Walter,  A.B.  1870 Cambridge. 

Doe,  Charles  Henry,  A.M.  1860 Worcester. 

Doggett,  Frederick  Fobes,  A.B.  1877 South  Boston. 

Dole,  Charles  Fletcher,  A.B.  1868 Jamaica  Plain. 

Donaldson,  Frank,  Jr.,  A.B.  1879 Baltimore,  Md. 

Dorcey,  James  Edmund,  M.D.  1878 Boston. 

Dorr,  Benjamin  Humphrey,  A.B.  1878     ....  Boston. 

Dorr,  Jonathan,  A.B.  1864 Boston. 

Dorr,  Joseph,  Jr.,  A.B.  1883 Boston. 

Dow,  Edmond  Scott,  A.B.  1883 Brookline. 

Dow,  Harry  Robinson,  A.B.  1884 Lawrence. 

Downes,  Nathaniel,  M.D.  1846 East  Boston. 

Dowse,  William  Bradford  Homer,  A.B.  1873    .     .  Boston. 

Drake,  Herbert  Hamilton,  A.B.  1877 New  York,  N.Y. 

Draper,  Frank  Winthrop,  M.D.  1869 Boston. 

Draper,  William  Kinnicutt,  A  B.  1885     ....  New  York,  N.Y. 

Drew,  Charles  Acton,  A.B.  1870 Newton. 

Drisler,  Henry,  LL.D.,  Jay  Professor  of  Greek  in 

Columbia  College,  N.Y. New  York,  N.Y. 

Driver,  Stephen  William,  A.B.  1860 Cambridge. 

DuBois,  Loren  Griswold,  A.B.  1876 Boston. 

Dudley,  Sanford  Harrison,  A.B.  1867      ....     Cambridge. 
Dudley,  Warren  Preston,  LL.B.  1877      ....     Cambridge. 

Duff,  William  Frederic,  A.B.  1876 Boston. 

Dumaresq,  Francis,  A.B.  1875 Boston. 


342  REGISTRATION. 

Duubar,  Charles  Franklin,  A.B.  1851 Cambridge. 

Dunbar,  Frank  Asaph,  A.B.  1878 Cambridge. 

Dunham,  Howard  Cary,  A.B.  1877 Portland,  Me. 

Dunham,  Theodore,  A.B.  1885 Irvington-on-Hudson,  N.Y. 

Dunn,  Francis  De  Maurice,  A.B.  1879     ....  Needham. 

Dunster,  Edward  Swift,  A.B.  1850 Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 

Dupee,  Horace,  A.B.  1832 Dorchester. 

Durant,  Thomas,  A.B.  1884 Washington,  D.C. 

Durant,  William  Bullard,  A.B.  1805 Cambridge. 

Dwight,  Edmund,  A.B.  1844 Boston. 

Dwight,  John  Sullivan,  A.B.  1832 Boston. 

Dwight,  Thomas,  A.B.  1806 Boston. 

Dwight,  Timothy,  A.B.  1849.    Yale,  S.T.D. ,  Presi- 
dent of  Yale  University New  Haven,  Ct. 

Dwyer,  Richard  Joseph,  A.B.  1877 Medford. 

Dyer,  Ezra,  A.B.  1857 Newport,  R.I. 

Dyer,  Louis,  A.B.  1874 Cambridge. 

EASTMAN,  Edmund  Tucker,  A.B.  1846  ....  Boston. 

Easton,  James  Hamlet  Bolt,  A.B.  1883    ....  Rochester,  Minn. 

Eaton,  Arthur  VVentworth  Hamilton,  A.B.  1880   .  Chestnut  Hill. 

Eaton,  George  Herbert,  A.B.  1882 Boston. 

Eaton,  Percival  James,  A.B.  1883 Maplewood. 

Eaton,  William  Lorenzo,  A.B.  1873 Concord. 

Eayrs,  Norman  Wilder,  A.B.  1871 Newport,  R.I. 

Eckfeldt,  Thomas  Hooper,  A.B.  1881,  Wesleyan  .  Cambridge. 

Edgerly,  Walter  Howard,  A.B.  1886 Boston. 

Edmands,  Albert  William,  A.B.  1862 Somerville. 

Edmands,  John  Rayner,  S.B.  1869 Cambridge. 

Edmands,  Moses  Grant,  A.B.  1879 Brookline. 

Edmands,  Thomas  Sprague,  A.B.  1807    ....  Newton. 

Edson,  William  Bostwick,  A.B.  1848 Phelps,  N.Y. 

Ela,  Richard,  A.B.  1871 Cambridge. 

Ela,  Walter,  A.B.  1871 Cambridge. 

Eliot,  Amory,  A.B.  1877 Boston. 

Eliot,  Charles,  A.B.  1882 Cambridge. 

Eliot,  Charles  William,  A.B.  1853 Cambridge. 

Eliot,  Christopher  Rhodes,  B.D.  1881,  Pastor  of 

the  First  Parish,  Dorchester Dorchester. 

Eliot,  Samuel,  A.B.  1839 Boston. 

Eliot,  Samuel  Atkins,  A.B.  1884 Cambridge. 

Elliot,  John  Wheelock,  A.B.  1874 Boston. 

Elliot,  Silas  Haynes,  A.B.  1884 Cambridge 

Elliot,  William  Henry,  A.B.  1872 Keene,  N.H. 

Elliott,  Aaron  Marshall,  A.B.  1868 Baltimore, Md. 

Ellis,  Arthur  Blake,  A.B.  1875 Boston. 

Ellis,  Bertram,  A.B.  1884 Keene,  N.H. 

Ellis,  Edward  Clarke,  A.B.  1868 Boston. 

Ellis,  Frederick  Hamant,  A.B.  1879 Framingham. 


REGISTRATION.  343 

Ellis,  George  Edward,  A.B.  1833 Boston. 

Ellis,  Ralph  Waterbury,  A.B.  1879 Springfield. 

Ellis,  William  Rogers,  A.B.  1867 New  York,  N.Y. 

Elting,  Irving,  A.B.  1878 Poughkeepsie,  N.Y. 

Ely,  Philip  Van  Rensselaer,  A.B.  1878     ....  Boston. 

Emerson,  Frederick  Ware,  A.B.  1882      ....  Newton. 

Emerson,  Thomas,  A.B.  1856 Newtonville. 

Emerton,  Ephraira,  A.B.  1871 Cambridge. 

Emery,  Samuel  Hopkins,  Jr.,  LL.B.  1S82     .     .     .  Concord. 

Emery,  Woodward,  A.B.  1864 Cambridge. 

Endicott,  Hon.  William  Crowninshield,  A.B.  1847, 

Secretary  of  War Salem. 

Ensign,  Charles  Sidney,  LL.B.  1863 Newton. 

Ernst,  Harold  Clarence,  A.B.  1876 Jamaica  Plain. 

Estabrooks,  John  Albert,  A.B.1873 Boston. 

Este,  William  Miller,  A.B.  1852 New  York,  N.Y. 

Eustis,  Frank  Izard,  A.B.  1868 Cambridge. 

Eustis,  Herbert  Hall,  A.B.  1880 Cambridge. 

Evans,  George  William,  A.B.  1883 Boston. 

Evans,  William  Henry,  A.B.  1855 Ashburnham. 

Evarts,  Prescott,  A.B.1881 New  York,  N.Y. 

Everett,  Charles  Carroll,  B.D.  1859 Cambridge 

Everett,  Edward  Franklin,  A.B.  1860      ....  Cambridge. 

Everett,  Oliver  Kurd,  A.B.  1873 Worcester. 

Everett,  William,  A.B.  1859 Quincy. 

Everett,  William  Abbot,  A.B.  1849 Cambridge. 

FAIRCHILD,  Charles,  A.B.  1858 Boston. 

Farley,  Charles  Andrews,  A.B.  1827 Boston. 

Farley,  James  Phillips,  Jr.,  A.B.  1868      ....  Beverly  Farms. 

Farlow,  John  Woodford,  A.B.  1874 Boston. 

Farlow,  William  Gilson,  A.B.  1866 Cambridge. 

Farnham,  Edwin,  A.B.  1866 Cambridge. 

Farnsworth,  George  Bourne,  A.B.  1847   ....  Roxbury. 

Farnsworth,  William,  A.B.  1877 Boston. 

Farrar,  Jacob  Hamilton,  A.B.  1874 Chicago,  111. 

Faulkner,  John  Charles,  A.B.  1886 Keene,  N.H. 

Faxon,  Walter,  A.B.  1871 Lexington. 

Faxon,  William,  Jr.,  A.B.  1883 Boston. 

Fay,  Charles  Norman,  A.B.  1869 Chicago,  111. 

Fay,  Clement  Kelsey,  A.B.  1867 Brookline. 

Fay,  Francis  Britain,  A.B.  1883 Cambridge. 

Fay,  James  Harrison,  A.B.  1859 New  York,  N.Y. 

Fechheimer,  Samuel  Marcus,  A.B.  1886  ....  Cincinnati,  O. 

Fellows,  William  Gordon,  A.B.  1882 Schaghticoke,  N.Y. 

Fenn,  William  Wallace,  A.B.  1884 Somerville. 

Fenno,  Edward  Nicoll,  A.B.  1866 Boston. 

Fenollosa,  Ernest  Francisco,  A.B.  1874    ....  Tokio,  Japan. 

Fernald,  Benjamin  Marvin,  A.B.  1870     ....  Melrose. 


344  REGISTRATION. 

Fernald,  Frederick  Atherton,  A.B.  1882  ....  Everett. 

Fernald,  Orlando  Marcellus,  A.B.  1864    ....  William  stown. 

Ferry,  Ebenezer  Hayward,  A.B.  1886       ....  Hyde  Park. 

Fessenden,  Sewall  Henry,  Jr.,  A.B.  1886 ....  Boston. 

Fette,  William  Eliot,  A.B.  1858 Boston. 

Fewkes,  Jesse  Walter,  A.B.  1875 Cambridge. 

Field,  Walbridge  Abner,  A.B.  Dartmouth,  1855, 

Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Massachusetts  .  Boston. 

Fillebrown,  Thomas,  D.M.D.  1869 Boston. 

Fincke,  Frederick  Getman,  A.B.  1873      ....  Utica,  N.Y. 

Fish,  Charles  Everett,  A.B.  1880 Chicopee. 

Fish,  Frederick  Perry,  A.B.  1875 Boston. 

Fisher,  Edward  Thornton,  A.B.  1856 Berkshire. 

Fisher,  George  Huntington,  A.B.  1852     ....  Brooklyn,  N.Y. 
Fisher,    George    Park,    A.M.,    S.T.D.,     LL  D., 

Professor  of  Eccl.  History  at  Yale  College    .     .  New  Haven,  dt. 

Fisher,  Horace  Newton,  A.B.  1857 Boston. 

Fisher,  Theodore  Willis,  M.D.  1861 Boston. 

Fisk,  Frederic  Daniell,  A.B.  1886 Cambridge. 

Fisk,  James  Lyman,  A.B.  1885 Cambridge. 

Fisk,  Lyman  Beecher,  A.B.  1873 Charlestown. 

Fiske,  Andrew,  A.B.  1875 Weston. 

Fiske,  Arthur  Irving,  A.B.  1869 Boston. 

Fiske,  Charles  Henry,  A.B.  1860 Weston. 

Fiske,  Frederic  Augustus  Parker,  A.B.  1881     .     .  Somerville. 

Fiske,  George,  A.B.  1872 Weston. 

Fiske,  George  Alfred,  A.B.  1862 Dorchester. 

Fiske,  Joseph  Emery,  A.B.  1861 Wellesley  Hills. 

Fiske,  William  Boyd,  A.B.  1882 Cambridge. 

Fitz,  Daniel  Francis,  A.B.  1859 Boston. 

Fitz,  Reginald  Heber,  A.B.  1864 Boston. 

Flagg,  George  Augustus,  A.B.  1866 Millbury. 

Flanders,  Frank  Byron,  A.B.  1874 Lawrence. 

Fletcher,  Charles  Ruel,  A.B.  1886 East  Cambridge. 

Flint,  Albert  Stowell,  A.B.  1875 Washington,  D.C. 

Flint,  Charles  Louis,  A.B.  1849 Boston. 

Flint,  John  Sydenham,  A.B.  1843 Roxbury. 

Folsom,  Charles  Follen,  A.B.  1862 Boston. 

Folsom,  Charles  William,  A.B.  1815 Cambridge. 

Foote,  Arthur  William,  A.B.  1874 Boston. 

Foote,  Henry  Wilder,  A.B.  1858 Boston. 

Foss,  George  Edmond,  A.B.  1885 St.  Albans,  Vt. 

Foster,  Alfred  Dwight,  A.B.  1873 Boston. 

Foster,  Charles  Chauncy,  A.B.  1880 Cambridge. 

Foster,  Charles  Henry  Wheelwright,  A.B.  1881     .  Brookline. 

Foster,  Francis  Charles,  A.B.  1850 Cambridge. 

Foster,  Samuel  Lynde,  A.B.  1885 San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Fowler,  Harold  North,  A.B.  1880 Cambridge. 

Fox,  Austen  George,  A.B.  1869 New  York,  N.Y. 


REGISTRATION.  345 

Fox,  Jabez,  A.B.  1871 Cambridge. 

Fox,  William  Henry,  A.B.  1858 Taunton. 

Francis,  George  Hills,  A.B.  1882 Brookline. 

Francis,  Laurens  Norris,  A.B.  1870 Taunton. 

Francke,  Kuno,  Ph.D.,  Munich,  1879 Cambridge. 

French,  Amos  Tuck,  A.B.  1885 New  York,  N.Y. 

French,  Francis  Ormond,  A.B.  1857 New  York,  N.Y. 

French,  George  Morrill,  M.D.  1884 Maiden. 

French,  Henry  Cormerais,  A.B.  1882 Chicago,  111. 

French,  John  Davis  Williams,  A.B.  1863     .         .  Boston. 

French,  William  Abrams,  A.B.  1865 Boston. 

Frost,  Edward,  A.B.  1850 Littleton. 

Frost,  George  Seward,  A.B.  1865 Dover,  N.H. 

Frost,  Lewis  Pierce,  A.B.  1886 Arlington. 

Frothingham,  Benjamin  Thompson,  A.B.  1863     .  New  York,  N.Y. 

Frothingham,  Octavius  Brooks,  A.B.  1843   .     .     .  Boston. 

Frothingham,  Paul  Revere,  A.B.  1886      ....  Jamaica  Plain. 

Frothingham,  Theodore  Longfellow,  A.B.  1884     .  New  York,  N.Y. 

Fuller,  Arthur  Ossoli,  A.B.  1877 Exeter,  N.H. 

Fullerton,  William  Morton,  A.B.  1886     ....  Boston. 

Furness,  Dawes  Eliot,  A.B.  1868 Foxburg,  Pa. 

Furness,  William  Eliot,  A.B.  1860 Chicago,  111. 

GAGE,  Homer,  A.B.  1882 Worcester. 

Gage,  James  Arthur,  A.B.  1879 Lowell. 

Gage,  Thomas  Hovey,  Jr.,  A.B.  1886 Worcester. 

Gage,  William  Leonard,  A.B.  1853 Hartford,  Ct. 

Gale,  Justin  Edwards,  A.B.  1866 Cambridge. 

Gallagher,  William,  A.B.  1869   ........  Easthampton. 

Galloupe,  Charles  William,  A.B.  1879      ....  Lynn. 

Gannett,  William  Charming,  A.B.  1860    ....  Chicago,  111. 

Gardiner,  John  Hays,  A.B.  1885 Brookline. 

Gardiner,  Robert  Hallowell,  A.B.  1876     ....  Chestnut  Hill. 

Gardner,  Augustus  Peabody,  A.B.  1886   ....  Boston. 

Gardner,  George  Peabody,  A.B.  1877 Boston. 

Gardner,  John  Edward,  A.B.  1856 Exeter,  N.H. 

Gassett,  Henry,  A.B.  1834 Dorchester. 

Gaston,  William  Alexander,  A.B.  1880    ....  Boston. 

Gates,  Charles  Horatio,  A.B.  1835 Boston. 

Gates,  George  Wellesley,  M.D.  1884 Chelsea. 

Gates,  Lewis  Edwards,  A.B.  1884 Cambridge. 

Gay,  Ebenezer,  LL.B.  1841 Boston. 

Geddes,  James,  Jr.  A.B.  1880 Brookline. 

Gerould,  Charles  Walter,  A.B.  1883 Stoughton. 

Gerry,  Edwin  Peabody,  M.D.  1874      .         ...  Jamaica  Plain. 

Gibbons,  Joseph  McKean,  A.B.  1881 Boston. 

Gibbs,  Wolcott,  A.B.  1841,  Columbia,  LL.D.   .     .  Newport,  R.I. 

Gibson,  Charles  Langdon,  A.B.  1886 Boston. 

Gibson,  George  Alonzo,  A.B.  1872 Medford. 


346  REGISTRATION. 

Giddings,  Edward  Leach,  A.B.  1856 Beverly. 

Gifford,  William  Logan  Rodman,  A.B.  1884     .     .  New  Bedford. 

Gilbert,  Horatio  James,  A.B.  1858 Milton. 

Gildersleeve,  Basil  Lanneau,  Ph.D.,  LL  D.,  Pro- 
fessor of  Greek  at  Johns  Hopkins  University  .  Baltimore,  Md. 

Gilley,  Frank  Milton,  A.B.  1880 Chelsea. 

Gillingham,  Thomas  Clarence,  D.M.D.  1879    .     .  Boston. 

Gilman,  Daniel  Coit,  LL.D.,  President  of  Johns 

Hopkins  University Baltimore,  Md. 

Gilman,  Henry  Hale,  A.B.  1882 Haverhill. 

Gilman,  John  Henry,  M.D.  1863 Lowell. 

Gilman,  Nicholas  Paine,  B.D.  1871 West  Newton. 

Gilman,  Stephen,  A.B.  1848 Lynnfield. 

Gleason,  Albert  Augustus,  A.B.  1886 Milford. 

Gleason,  Charles  Bertie,  A.B.  1885 Duxbury. 

Gleason,  Daniel  Angell,  A.B.  1856 West  Medford. 

Glover,  Horatio  Nelson,  Jr.,  A.B.  1884    ....  Dorchester. 

Goddard,  Farley  Brewer,  A.B.  1881 Maiden. 

Goddard,  Warren  Norton,  A.B.  1879 New  York,  N.Y. 

Godkin,  Edwin  Laurence,  A.M.  1871 New  York,  N.Y. 

Goldmark,  Henry,  A.B.  1878 New  York,  N.Y. 

Gooch,  Frank  Austin,  A.B.  1872 New  Haven,  Ct. 

Goodale,  George  Lincoln,  M.D.  1863 Cambridge. 

Goodale,  John  McGregor,  A.B.  1885 Utica,  N.Y. 

Gooding,  Alfred,  A.B.  1877 Portsmouth,  N.H. 

Goodnough,  Benjamin  Franklin,  A.B.  1883       .     .  Brookline. 

Goodnough,  Xanthus  Henry,  A.B.  1882   ....  Brookline. 

Goodrich,  Arthur  Lewis,  A.B.  1874 Salem. 

Goodrich,  Charles  Newton,  A.B.  1873       ....  Medford. 

Goodridge,  James  Lawrence,  A.B.  1835   ....  Boston. 

Goodwin,  James  Wells,  A.B.  1877 Haverhill. 

Goodwin,  Wendell,  A.B.  1874 Jamaica  Plain. 

Goodwin,  William  Hobbs,  Jr.,  A.B.  1884     .     .     .  Jamaica  Plain. 

Goodwin,  William  Watson,  A.B.  1851     ....  Cambridge. 

Gordon,  George  Angier,  A.B.  1881 Boston. 

Gorham,  Arthur,  A.B.  1864 Kinsley,  Kan. 

Gorham,  Robert  Stetson,  A.B.  1885 Northampton. 

Goss,  Francis  Webster,  A.B.  1862 Roxbury. 

Gould,  Benjamin  Apthorp,  A.B.  1844 Cambridge. 

Gove,  William  Henry,  A.B.  1876 Salem. 

Grandgent,  Charles  Hall,  A.B.  1883 Cambridge. 

Grannis,  Herman  Wher.ton,  A.B.  1879     ....  Chicago,  111. 

Grant,  George  Franklin,  D.M.D.  1870     ....  Arlington  Heights 

Grant,  Robert,  A.B.  1873 Boston. 

Grant,  Patrick,  A.B.  1828 Boston. 

Grant,  Percy  Stickney,  A.B.  1883 Brookline. 

Gray,  Asa,  A.M.  1844 Cambridge. 

Gray,  Edward,  A.B.  1872 Boston. 

Gray,  Edward  Borden,  A.B.  1886 New  Bedford. 


REGISTRATION.  347 

Gray,  Francis  Galley,  A.B.  1866 Boston. 

Gray,  George  Zabriskie,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Episcopal 

Theological  School,  Cambridge Cambridge. 

Gray,  John  Chipman,  A.B.  1859 Boston. 

Gray,  Morris,  A.B.  1877 Chestnut  Hill. 

Gray,  Reginald,  A.B.  1875 Boston. 

Gray,  Thomas  Herbert,  A.B.  1867 Walpole. 

Green,  Charles  Montraville,  A.B.  1874     ....  Boston. 

Green,  George  Walton,  A.B.  1876 New  York,  N.  Y. 

Green,  James,  A.B.  18G2 Worcester. 

Green,  John,  A.B.  1855 St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Green,  Samuel  Abbott,  A.B.  1851 Boston. 

Greene,  Frederick  Lewis,  A.B.  1876 Greenfield. 

Greene,  Herbert  Eveleth,  A.B.  1881     ....  Garden  City,  L.I.,  N.Y. 

Greene,  James  Sumner,  M.D.  1863 Milton. 

Greenhalge,  Frederic  Thomas,  A.B.  1863     .     .     .  Lowell. 

Greenleaf,  Eugene  Douglass,  A.B.  1866   ....  Boston. 

Greenman,  Walter  Folger,  A.B.  1885 Chelsea. 

Greenough,  Charles  Pelham,  A.B.  1864    ....  Brookline. 

Greenough,  David  Stoddard,  A.B.  1865  ....  Boston. 

Greenough,  Francis  Boott,  A.B.  1859 Boston. 

Greenough,  James  Bradstreet,  A.B.  1856     .     .     .  Cambridge. 

Greenough,  James  Jay,  A.B.  1882 Cambridge. 

Greenough,  Malcolm  Scollay,  A.B.  1868   ....  Boston. 

Greenough,  William  Whitwell,  A.B.  1837    .     .     .  Boston. 

Gregory,  Charles  Augustus,  A.B.  1855     ....  Chicago,  HI. 

Greve,  Charles  Theodore,  A.B.  1884 Cincinnati,  O. 

Griffin,  Henry  Arthur,  A.B.  1886 New  York,  N.Y. 

Grinnell,  Charles  Edward,  A.B.  1862      ....  Boston. 

Griswold,  Loren  Erskine,  A.B.  1884 Boston. 

Guild,  Curtis,  Jr.,  A.B.  1881 Boston. 

Guild,  Charles  Eliot,  A.B.  1846 Boston. 

Guild,  Samuel  Eliot,  A.B.  1872 Boston. 

Guite>as,  Ramon  Benjamin,  M.D.  1883  .     •     .     .  New  York,  N.Y. 

Gummere,  Francis  Barton,  A.B.  1875      ....  New  Bedford. 

Gunnison,  Binney,  A.B.  1886 Roxbury. 

Gurnee,  Augustus  Coe,  A.B.  1878 New  York,  N.Y. 

HACKETT,  Frank  Warren,  A.B.  1861 Washington,  D.C. 

Hagar,  Eugene  Bigelow,  A.B.  1871 Boston. 

Hagen,  Hermann  August,  Ph.D.  1836,  Kb'nigsberg  Cambridge. 

Hale,  Abraham  Garland  Randall,  LL.B.  1871      .  Stow. 

Hale,  Albert,  A.B.  1861 Dedham. 

Hale,  Arthur,  A.B.  1880 Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Hale,  Edward,  A.B.  1879 Boston. 

Hale,  Edward  Everett,  A.B.  1839 Roxbury. 

Hale,  Edwin  Blaisdell,  LL.B.  1875 Cambridge. 

Hale,  Georgre  Silsbee,  A.B.  1844 Boston. 

Hale,  William  Gardner,  A.B.  1870 Ithaca,  N.Y. 


348  REGISTRATION. 

Hall,  Arthur  Lawrence,  A.B.  1880 Revere. 

Hall,  Asaph,  A.M.  1879;  LL.D.  Yale.  Professor 

of  Mathematics,  U.  S.  Navy Washington,  D.C. 

Hall,  Asaph,  Jr.,  A.B.  1882 New  Haven,  Ct. 

Hall,  Benjamin  Homer,  A.B.  1851 Troy,  N.Y. 

Hall,  Edward  Henry,  A.B.  1851,  Pastor  of  the  First 

Parish,  Cambridge Cambridge. 

Hall,  Edwin  Herbert,  A.B.  1875,  Bowdoin   .     .     .  Cambridge. 

Hall,  Frank  Rockwood,  A.B.  1872.     .     .'  .     .     .  Brookline. 

Hall,  Frederic  Bound,  A.B.  1880 Somerville. 

Hall,  James,  S.B.,  Rensselaer  Polytechnic  Insti- 
tute, 1832,  State  Geologist,  N.Y. Albany,  N.Y. 

Hall,  James  Milton,  A.B.  1883 Haverhill. 

Hall,  Robert  Sprague,  A.B.  1872 Charlestown. 

Hall,  Thomas  Bartlett,  A.B.  1843 Brookline. 

Hall,  William  Stickney,  A.B.  1869 Cambridge. 

Hallowell,  Norwood  Penrose,  A.B.  1861  ....  West  Medford. 

Halsey,  Frederic  Robert,  A.B.  1868 New  York,  N.Y. 

Halstead,  Thomas,  A.B.  1856 New  York,  N.Y. 

Hamilton,  Charles  Albert,  A.B.  1878 Medford. 

Hamlin,  Charles  Sumner,  A.B.  1883 Roxbury. 

Hamlin,  Cyrus,  D.D.  1861;  LL.D.  Ex-President 

of  Robert  College Lexington. 

Hamlin,  Edward  Everett,  A.B.  1886 Roxbury. 

Hamlin,  Frank,  A.B.  1884 Bangor,  Me. 

Hammond,  Samuel,  Jr.,  A.B.  1881 Boston. 

Hammond,  Walter  Whitney,  A.B.  1863 ....  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Hanks,  Charles  Stedman,  A.B.  1879 Cambridge. 

Hansen,  Otto  Reinhardt,  A.B.  1885 Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Hapgood,  Asa  Gustavus,  A.B.  1872 Boston. 

Harding,  Emor  Herbert,  A.B.  1876 Boston. 

Harding,  George  Franklin,  A.B.  1849     ....  Chicago,  111. 

Harding,  Louis  Branch,  A.B.  1879 Stamford,  Ct. 

Harding,  Selwin  Lewis,  A.B.  1886 Cambridge. 

Harding,  William  Penn,  A.B.  1853 Cambridge. 

Hardon,  Henry  Winthrop,  A.B.  1882      ....  New  York,  N.Y. 

Hardon,  Joseph  Bradford,  A.B.  1861 Jamaica  Plain. 

Hardwick,  Charles  Theodore,  A.B.  1884      .     .     .  Quincy. 

Hardy,  Alpheus  Holmes,  A.B.  1861 Boston. 

Harlow,  Edwin  Augustus  Warren,  A.B.  1841    .     .  Quincy  Point. 

Harlow,  Robert  Henry,  A.B.  1841 Quincy  Point. 

Harrington,  Charles,  A.B.  1878 Boston. 

Harrington,  Francis  Bishop,  M.D.  1881  ....  Boston. 

Harris,  Charles  Nathan,  LL.B.  1884 Boston. 

Harris,  George  Balmer,  A.B.  1886 Salem. 

Harris,  Thaddeus  William,  A.B.  1884    ....  Cohasset. 

Harris,  Thomas  Robinson,  A.B.  1863      ....  New  York,  N.Y. 

Hart,  Albert  Bushnell,  A.B.  1880 Cambridge. 

Hartshorn,  George  Trumbull,  A.B.  1882      .     .    .  Taunton. 


REGISTRATION.  349 

Hartshorne,  James  Mott,  Jr.,  A.B.  1885      .     .     .  New  York,  N.Y. 

Hartwell,  Alfred  Stedman,  A.B.  1858     ....  South  Natick. 

Hartwell,  Shattuck,  A.B.  1844 Littleton. 

Harwood,  Herbert  Joseph,  A.B.  1877      ....  Littleton. 

Haskell,  Augustus  Mellen,  A.B.  1856      ....  West  Roxbury. 

Haskins,  David  Greene,  A.B.  1837 Cambridge. 

Haskins,  David  Greene,  Jr.,  A.B.  1866    ....  Cambridge. 

Hassam,  John  Tyler,  A.B.  1863 Boston. 

Hastings,  Edward  Rogers.  A.B.  1878 South  Weymouth. 

Hastings,  George  Russell,  A.B.  1848 Boston. 

Hastings,  Leslie,  A.B.  1871 Cambridge. 

Hastings,  William  Henry  Howe,  M.D.  1868     .     .  Boston. 

Hatch,  Arthur  Gillespie,  A.B   1884 Cambridge. 

Hathaway,  Francis,  A.B.  1849 New  Bedford. 

Hathaway,  Horatio,  A.B.  1850 New  Bedford. 

Hauteville,  Frederic  Sears  Grand  d',  A.B.  1859    .  Boston. 

Hawes,  Edward  Southworth,  A.B.  1880  .     .     .     .  Boston. 

Hawes,  Nathaniel  Ware,  D.M.D.  1879     ....  Boston. 

Hawkins,  Eugene  Dexter,  A.B.  1881 New  York,  N.Y. 

Hay,  Gustavus,  A.B.  1850 Boston. 

Hayden,  Edward  Daniel,  A.B.  1854 Woburn. 

Hayden,  Horace  John,  A.B.  1860 New  York,  N.Y. 

Hayes,  Alexander  Ladd,  A.B.  1863 Cambridge. 

Hayes,  Augustus  Allen,  A.B.  1857 Washington,  D.C. 

Hayes,  Hammond  Vinton,  A.B.  1883 Cambridge. 

Hayes,  William  Allen,  Jr.,  A  B.  1884      ....  Cambridge. 

Hayes,  William  Allen,  2d.,  A.B.  1866     ....  Cambridge. 

Haynes,  Henry  Harrison,  A.B.  1873 Tilton,  N.H. 

Haynes,  Henry  Williamson,  A.B.  1851    ....  Boston. 

Hayward,  Charles  Latham,  Jr.,  A.B.  1869  .     .     .  Boston. 

Hayward,  Lemuel,  A.B.  1845 Keene,  N.H. 

Hazard.  Daniel  Lyman,  A.B.  1885       ....      Narragansett  Pier,  R.L 

Hedge,  Frederic  Henry,  A.B.  1825 Cambridge. 

Hedge,  Frederic  Henry,  Jr.,  A.B.  1851  ....  Lawrence. 

Heilbron,  George  Henry,  A.B.  1883 Boston. 

Hemenway,  Augustus,  A.B.  1875 Boston. 

Hemenway,  Charles  Morrison,  A.B.  18S1     .     .     .  Somerville. 

Hemmenway,  Horace  Pierce,  M.D.  1862  ....  East  Somerville. 

Henry,  Bertram  Curtis,  A.B.  1886 Brookline. 

Henshaw,  Henry  Arnold,  A.B.  1886 Montvale. 

Henshaw,  John  Andrew,  A.B.  1847 Cambridge. 

Herrick,  Edwin  Hayden,  A.B.  1877 Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Heywood.  John  Healy,  A.B.  1836 Melrose. 

Hickox,  Ralph  W.,  A.B.  1872 Cleveland,  O. 

Hidden,  William  Henry,  Jr.,  A.B.,  1885      .     .     .  Cambridgeport. 

Higginson,  Edward,  A.B.  1874 Fall  River. 

Higginson,  Francis  Lee,  A.B.  1863 Boston. 

Higginson,  Henry  Lee,  A.M.  1882 Boston. 

Higginson,  James  Jackson,  A.B.  1857      ....  New  York,  N.Y. 


350  REGISTRATION. 

Higginson,  Thomas  Wentworth,  A.B.  1841  .     .     .  Cambridge. 

Higginson,  Waldo,  A.B.  1833 Boston. 

Hight,  LeRoy  Lincoln,  A.B.  1886 Portland,  Me. 

Hill,  Adams  Sherman,  A.B.  1853 Cambridge. 

Hill,  Benjamin  Thomas,  A.B.  1886 Worcester. 

Hill,  Edward  Bruce,  A.B.  1874 New  York,  N.Y. 

Hill,  Edwin  Newell,  A.B.  1872 Haverhill. 

Hill,  Hamilton  Alonzo,  A.B.  1853 Boston. 

Hill,  Henry  Barker,  A.B.  1869 Cambridge. 

Hill,  Henry  Eveleth,  A.B.  1872 Worcester. 

Hill,  Thomas,  A.B.  18i3 Portland,  Me. 

Hill,  William  Bancroft,  A.B.  1879 Athens,  N.Y. 

Hilliard,  Samuel  Haven,  A.B.  1859 Boston. 

Hillis,  John,  A.B.  1868 Maynard. 

Hills,  William  Barker,  A.B.  1871 Cambridge. 

Hills,  William  Henry,  A.B.  1880 Roxbury. 

Hinckley,  Henry,  A.B.  1860 Lynn. 

Hinkley,  Holmes,  A.B.  1876 Boston. 

Hitchcock,  Edward,  M.D.  1853 Amherst. 

Hitchcock,  James  Ripley  Wellman,  A.B.  1877       .  New  York,  N.Y. 

Hitchcock,  Roswell  Dwight,  D.D.,  LL  D.,  Presi- 
dent of  Union  Theological  Seminary,  N.  Y.  City  New  York,  N.Y. 

Hoar,  David  Blakely,  A.B.  1876 Brookline. 

Hoar,  Ebenezer  Rockwood,  A.B.  1835 Concord. 

Hoar,  George  Ebenezer,  A.B.  1883 Vernon,  Vt. 

Hoar,  George  Frisbie,  A.B.  1846,  U.  S.  Senator 

for  Massachusetts Worcester. 

Hoar,  Rockwood,  A.B.  1876 Worcester. 

Hoar,  Samuel,  A.B.  1867 Concord. 

Hoar,  Sherman,  A.B.  1882 Waltham. 

Hobart,  George  Burnap,  A.B.  1875 Plymouth. 

Hobbs,  Charles  Gushing,  A.B.  1855 South  Berwick,  Me. 

Hobbs,  George  Miller,  A.B.  1850 Boston. 

Hobbs,  Marland  Cogswell,  A.B.  1885 Brookline. 

Hochdb'rfer,  Richard,  Ph.D.  Leipzig Cambridge. 

Hodges,  Amory  Glazier,  A.B.  1874 New  York,  N.Y. 

Hodges,  Archie  Livingstone,  A.B.  1883   ....  Taunton. 

Hodges,  George  Clarendon,  D.B.  1879      ....  Boston. 

Hodges,  Richard  Manning,  A.B.  1847      ....  Boston. 

Hodges,  William  Donnison,  A.B.  1877     ....  Boston. 

Hodgkins,  William  Candler,  S.B.  1877    ....  Washington,  D.C. 

Hoffman,  Edward  Fenno,  A.B.  1869 Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Holden,  Harry,  A.B.  1885 Haverhill. 

Holder,  Frederic  Blake,  A.B.  1881 Boston. 

Holland,  Arthur,  A.B.  1872 New  York,  N.Y. 

Holland,  Frederic  May,  A.B.  1859       Concord. 

Holland,  Frederic  West,  A.B.  1831 Concord. 

Hollingsworth,  Amor  Leander,  A.B.  1859     .     .     .  Milton. 

Holman,  John  Charles,  A.B.  1876 Brookline. 


REGISTRATION.  351 

Holman,  William  Henry,  A.B.  1875 Southport,  Ct. 

Holmes,  Artemas  Henry,  A.B.  1870 New  York,  N.Y. 

Holmes,  Rowland,  A.B.  1843 Lexington. 

Holmes,  John,  A.B.  1832 Cambridge. 

Holmes,  John  Parker,  A.B.  1884 Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Holmes,  Nathaniel,  A.B.  1837 Cambridge. 

Holmes,  Oliver  Wendell,  A.B.  1829,  M  D.,  D.C.L., 

LL.D Boston. 

Holmes,  Oliver  Wendell,  Jr.,  A.B.  1861  ....  Boston. 

Holt,  Jacob  Farnum,  A.B.  1857 Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Homans,  John,  A  B.  1858 Boston. 

Homer,  Charles  Savage,  S.B.  1855 New  York,  N.Y. 

Homer,  Thomas  Johnston,  A.B.  1879 Roxbury. 

Honeywell,  Thomas  Miller,  A.B.  1874      .     .     .     .  Oil  City,  Pa. 

Hood,  Frederic  Clark,  A.B.  1886 Chelsea. 

Hooker,  Edward  Dwight,  M.D.  1883 Cambridge. 

Hooper,  Edward  William,  A.B.  1859 Cambridge. 

Hooper,  Nathaniel  Leech,  A.B.  1846 Boston. 

Hooper,  Sewall  Henry,  A.B.  1875 Hingham. 

Hooper,  William,  A.B.  1880 Boston. 

Hopkins,  Abram  Duane,  A.B.  1879 New  York,  N.Y. 

Hopkins,  Adoniram  Judson,  A.B.  1874    ....  East  Boston. 

Hopkins,  James  Hughes,  A.B.  1882 Provincetown. 

Hopkins,  Mark,  A.M.,  M.D.,  S.T.D.,  LL.D,  Pro- 
fessor of  Moral  and  Intellectual  Philosophy  at 

Williams  College Williamstown 

Hopkinson,  John  Prentiss,  A.B.  1861       ....  Cambridge. 

Hornbrooke,  Francis  Bickford,  D.B.  1877     .     .     .  Newton. 

Home,  Edwin  Temple,  A.B.  1864 Dorchester 

Hereford,  Eben  Norton,  A.M.  1847 Cambridge. 

Horton,  Charles  Paine,  A.B.  1857 Bourne. 

Horton,  Edwin  Johnson,  A.B.  1860 Pomeroy,  O. 

Horton,  Henry  Kenney,  A.B.  1870 Boston. 

Horton,  Samuel  Dana,  A.B.  1864 Pomeroy,  O. 

Hosmer,  Alfred,  A.B.  1853 Watertown. 

Hosmer,  Samuel  Dana,  A.B.  1850 Auburn. 

Houghton,  Henry  Oscar,  A.B.  1877 Cambridge. 

Houston,  Frank  Augustine,  A.B.  1879      ....  Haverhill. 

Howard,  Albert  Andrew,  A.B.  1882 Boston. 

Howard,  Charles  Tasker,  A.B.  1856 Boston. 

Howard,  Edwin,  A.B.  1885 Chelmsford. 

Howard,  William  DeCreet,  A.B.  1879 Chicago.  111. 

Howe,  Archibald  Murray,  A.B.  1869 Cambridge. 

Howe,  Henry  Marion,  A.B.  1869 Boston. 

Howe,  Henry  Saltonstall,  A.B.  1869 Biddeford,  Me. 

Howe,  John  Edward,  A.B.  1884 Cambridgeport. 

Howe,  Octavius  Thorndike,  A  B.  1873     ....  Lawrence. 

Howe,  Walter  Henry,  A.B  1886 Lowell. 

Howes,  George  Edwin,  A.B.  1886 Stamford,  Ct. 


352  REGISTRATION. 

Rowland,  Francis,  A.B.  1849 New  York,  N.Y. 

Rowland,  William  Russell,  LL.B.  1885   ....  Cambridge. 

Hubbard,  Charles  Wells,  A.B.  1878 Weston. 

Hubbard,  Harry,  A.B.  1884 Maiden. 

Hubbard,  William  Hammond,  A.B.  1879     .     .     .  Chicago,  111. 

Huddleston,  John  Henry,  A.B.  1886 Boston. 

Hudson,  Charles  Henry,  A.B.  1846 Somerville. 

Hudson,  John  Elbridge,  A.B.  1862 Boston. 

Hudson,  Woodward,  A.B.  1879 Concord. 

Huidekoper,  Edgar,  A.B.  1868 Meadville,  Pa. 

Hulme,  Peter,  A  B.  1872 Poughkeepsie,  N.Y. 

Hulse,  Samuel  Vaughn,  LL.B.  1872 Newark,  N.J. 

Humason,  William  Lawrence,  A.B.  1877      .     .     .  New  Britain,  Ct. 

Humphrey,  James  Ellis,  S.B.  1886 North  Weymouth. 

Humphreys,  Charles  Alfred,  A.B.  1860     ....  Framingham. 

Hunt,  Edward  Browne,  A.B.  1878       Boston. 

Hunt,  Frederick  Thayer,  A.B.  1882 Weymouth. 

Hunt,  Freeman,  A.B.  1877 North  Cambridge. 

Hunting,  Nathaniel  Stevens,  A.B.  1884   ....  Des  Moines,  la. 

Huntington,  Oliver  Whipple,  A.B.  1881   ....  Cambridge. 
Huntington,  William  Edwards,  Dean  of  College  of 

Liberal  Arts,  Boston  University Newton  Centre. 

Hurley,  Frank  Edward,  A.B.  1886 Farmington,  N.H. 

Hutchins,  Herbert  Bacon,  A.B.  1886  ....  Tivoli-on-Hudson,  N.Y. 

Hutchins,  William  Everett,  A.B,  1879      ....  North  Cambridge. 

Hutchinson,  Gardiner  Spring,  LL.B.  1858    .     .     .  New  York,  N.Y. 

Hutchinson,  Marcello,  A.B.  1872 Taunton. 

Hyatt,  Alpheus,  S.B.  1862 Cambridge. 

Hyde,  George  Smith,  A.B.  1853 Boston. 

Hyde,  Thomas  Alexander,  A.B.  1881 Cambridge. 

Hyde,  William,  A.B.  1881      . Weymouth. 

Hyde,  William  DeWitt,  A.B.  1879,  President  of 

Bowdoin  College Brunswick,  Me. 

INCHES,  Charles  Edward,  A.B.  1861 Boston. 

Ingalls,  Edmond  Cunningham,  A.B.  1873     .     .     .  Saco,  Me. 

Ingalls,  William,  A  B.  1835 Boston. 

Ingalsbe,  Grenville  Mellen,  LL.B.  1872    ....  Sandy  Hill,  N.Y. 

Ireland,  Frederick  Guion,  A.B.  1868 New  York,  N.Y. 

Irish,  Cyrus  Wendell,  A.B.  1885 Lowell. 

Isham,  Charles,  A.B.  1876 New  York,  N.Y. 

Ives,  David  Otis,  A.B.  1879 Salem. 

JACK,  Edwin  Everett,  A.B.  1884 Boston. 

Jackson,  Alton  Atwell,  M.D.  1883 E.  Jefferson,  Me. 

Jackson,  Charles  Cabot,  A.B.  1863 Boston. 

Jackson,  Charles  Loring,  A.B.  1867 Cambridge. 

Jackson,  Edward,  A.B.  1849 Boston. 

Jackson,  Ernest,  A.B.  1878 Boston. 


REGISTRATION.  353 

Jackson,  Frank,  A. B.  1871 Boston. 

Jackson,  George  West,  A.B.  1879 Boston. 

Jackson,  Henry,  A.B.  1880 Boston. 

Jackson,  James  Frederick,  A.B.  1873 Fall  River. 

Jackson,  Louis  Lincoln,  A.B.  1885 Brighton. 

Jackson,  Patrick  Tracy,  Jr.,  A.B.  1865   ....  Cambridge. 

Jackson,  Robert  Tracy,  S.B.  1884 Boston. 

Jacob,  Lawrence,  A.B.  1878 New  York,  N.Y. 

Jacobs,  Francis  Wayland,  LL.B.  1861       ....  Boston. 
Jacobs,  George  Edward,  A.B.  1876 Dorchester- 
Jacobs,  Henry  Barton,  A.B.  1883 West  Scituate. 

Jacobs,  Justin  Allen,  A.B.  1839 Cambridge. 

James,  William,  M.D.  1869 Cambridge. 

Jaques,  Henry  Percy,  A.B.  1876 Milton. 

Jaretzki,  Alfred,  A.B.  1881 New  York,  N.Y. 

Jaynes,  Julian  Clifford,  D.B.  1884 West  Newton. 

Jeffries,  Benjamin  Joy,  A.B.  1854 Boston. 

Jeffries,  Walter  Lloyd,  A.B.  1875 Boston. 

Jeffries,  William  Augustus,  A.B.  1875      ....  Boston. 

Jenks.  Charles  William,  A.B.  1871 Boston. 

Jenks,  Henry  Fitch,  A.B.  1863 Canton. 

Jennings,  Charles  Herbert,  A.B.  1884      ....  Cambridge. 

Jennings,  Edward  Borden,  A.B.  1886 Fall  River. 

Jennison,  Frank  Elwood,  A.B.  1883 New  York,  N.Y. 

Jewett,  George  Frank,  A.B.  1886 Cambridge. 

Jillson,  Franklin  Campbell,  M.D.  1886    ....  Maiden. 

Johnson,  Amos  Howe,  A.B.  1853 Salem. 

Johnson,  Arthur  Stoddard,  A.B.  1885 Boston. 

Johnson,  Charles  Rensselaer,  A.B.  1875   ....  Worcester. 

Johnson,  Edward  Crosby,  A.B.  1860 Boston. 

Johnson,  Francis  Howe,  A.B.  1856 Andover. 

Johnson,  John  Warren,  A.B.  1873 Woburn. 

Johnson,  Laurence  Henry  Hitch,  A.B.  1880  .     .     .  Boston. 

Jones,  Arthur  Earl,  A.B.  1867 Cambridge. 

Jones,  Claudius  Marcellus,  A.B.  1866 Boston. 

Jones,  George  Warren,  M.D.  1872 Cambridgeport. 

Jones,  Gilbert  Norris,  A.B.  1884 Bangor,  Me. 

Jones,  Henry  Champion,  A  B.  1880 Boston. 

Jones,  Henry  Olmstead,  A.B.  1881 Columbus,  O. 

Jones,  Henry  Walter,  A.B.  1885 Cambridge. 

Jones,  Jesse  Henry,  A.B.  1856 North  Abington. 

Jones,  Leonard  Augustus,  A.B  1855 Boston. 

Jones,  Samuel  Cleaves,  A.B.  1886 Roxbury. 

Jones,  Walter  Ingersoll,  A.B.  1874 Boston. 

Jordan,  Frederic  Dolbier,  A  B   1880 Lawrence. 

Jordan,  James  Clark,  A.B.  1870 Boston. 

Joy,  Frederic,  A.B.  1881 Winchester. 

Joyce,  George  Frederic,  A.B.  1881 Merrimac. 

Judkins,  Benjamin,  A.B.  1848 Concord. 

23 


354  REGISTRATION. 

KAAN,  Frank  Warton,  A.B.  1883 Somerville. 

Keasbey,  Edward  Quinton,  LL.B.  1870     ....  Newark,  N.J. 

Keating,  Patrick  Michael,  A.B.  1883 Boston. 

Keegan,  Dermot  Warburton,  A.B.  1862    ....  New  York,  N.Y. 

Keegan,  Vincent  Elijah,  M.D.  1865 Boston. 

Keene,  Francis  Bowler,  A.B.  1880 Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Keener,  William  Albert,  LL.B.  1877 Cambridge 

Keith,  Arthur,  A.B.  1883 Wollaston. 

Keith,  George  Paul,  A.B.  1883 Wollaston. 

Keith,  Merton  Spencer,  A.B.  1872 Quincy. 

Kelley,  Clarence  Erskine,  A.B.  1873 Haverhill. 

Kelley,  Webster,  A.B.  1879 Boston. 

Kellner,  Maximilian  Lindsay,  A.B.  1885  ....  Cambridge. 

Kelly,  George  Reed,  A.B.  1880 Boston. 

Kelsey,  Ambrose  Parsons,  Ph.D.,  Professor  of  Natu- 
ral History  in  Hamilton  College Clinton,  N.Y. 

Kendall,  Charles  Grant,  A.B.  1847 New  York,  N.Y. 

Kendall,  Frank  Alexander,  A.B.  1886 Framingham. 

Kendall,  Joshua,  A.B.  1853 Cambridgeport. 

Kenison,  Nehemiah  Samuel,  A.B.  1886     ....  Allenstown,  N.H. 

Kennedy,  George  Golding,  A.B.  1864 Readville. 

Kent,  Edward,  A.B.  1883 New  York,  N.Y. 

Kent,  John  Bryden,  M.D.  1869 Putnam,  Ct. 

Kent,  John  Fuller,  A.B.  1875 Concord,  N.H. 

Kettell,  Charles  Willard,  A.B.  1870 Cambridge. 

Kettell,  George  Adams,  A.B.  1866 Charlestown. 

Keyes,  John  Shepard,  A.B.  1841 Concord. 

Keyes,  Prescott,  A.B.  1879 Concord. 

Kidder,  Camillus  George,  A.B.  1872 New  York,  N.Y. 

Kidder,  Edward  Hartwell,  A.B.  1863 Brooklyn,  N.Y. 

Kidder,  Frederic  Henry,  A.B.  1876 Medford. 

Kidder,  Jerome  Henry,  A.B.  1862 Washington,  D.C. 

Kidner,  Reuben,  A.B.  1875 Boston. 

Kilby,  Henry  Sherman,  A.B.  1873 No.  Attleborough. 

Kimball,  David  Pulsifer,  A.B.  1856 Boston. 

Kimball,  Henry  Colman,  A.B.  1840 Stoughton. 

Kimball,  Marcus  Morton,  A.B.  1886 Boston. 

Kimball,  Wallace  Lowe,  A  B.  1875 Bradford. 

Kimball,  William  Frederick,  A.B.  1875  ....  Chelsea. 

King,  Charles  Carroll,  A.B.  1885 Montpelier,  Vt. 

King,  Edward,  A.B.  1853 New  York,  N.Y. 

King,  Moses,  A.B.  1881 Newton. 

King,  Stephen  Henry,  M.D.  1872 Providence,  R.I. 

Kingsbury,  Edward  Phipps,  A.B.  1879    ....  Holliston. 

Kinney,  Henry  Nason,  A.B.  1879 Winsted,  Ct. 

Kirby,  Edward  Napoleon Cambridge. 

Knapp,  Arthur  Mason,  A.B.  1863 Boston. 

Knapp,  Arthur  May,  A.B.  1860 Watertown. 

Knapp,  Frederick  Newman,  A.B.  1813   ....  Plymouth. 


REGISTRATION".  355 

Knapp,  Philip  Coombs,  A.B.  1878 Boston. 

Knowles,  Arthur  Jacob,  A.B.  1881 Boston. 

Knowlton,  Thomas  Oaks,  LL.B.  1871      ....  New  Boston,  N.H. 

LADD,  Babson  Savilian,  A.B.  1870 Boston. 

Lamar,  Hon.  Lucius  Quintius  Curtius,  Secretary 

of  the  Interior Washington,  D.C. 

Lamb,  Charles  Estus,  A.B.  1886 Providence,  R.I. 

Lamb,  Horatio  Appleton,  A.B.  1871 Boston. 

Lambert,  William  Bartlett,  A.B.  1867     ....  Cambridge. 

Lamson,  Artemas  Ward,  A.B.  1849 Dedham. 

Lamson,  Charles  Dudley,  S.B.  1865 Boston. 

Lamson,  Gardner  Swift,  A.B.  1877 Boston. 

Lancaster,  Walter  Moody,  A.B.  1879 Worcester. 

Lanciani,  Rodolfo,  Professor  of  Archaeology  in 

University  of  Rome Rome,  Italy. 

Lane,  Edward  Binney,  A.B.  1881 Boston. 

Lane,  Gardiner  Martin,  A.B.  1881 Cambridge. 

Lane,  George  Martin,  A.B.  1846 Cambridge. 

Lane,  John  Chapin,  A.B.  1875 Norwood. 

Lane,  William  Coolidge,  A.B.  1881 Cambridge. 

Langdell,  Christopher  Columbus,  A.B.  1851      .     .  Cambridge. 

Langley,  Samuel  Pierpont,  Director  of  the  Observa- 
tory at  Allegheny  City,  Pa Allegheny,  Pa. 

Langmaid,  Samuel  Wood,  A.B.  1859 Boston. 

Lanman,  Charles  Rockwell,  A.B.  1871,  Yale     .     .  Cambridge. 

Lapeyre,  George  Fortune,  A.B.  1886 New  Orleans,  La. 

Latham,  Aaron  Hobart,  A.B.  1877 Brookline. 

Lathrop,  Andrew  Janes,  A.B.  1859 Waltham. 

Lathrop,  William  Henry,  A.B.  1863 Lowell. 

Latimer,  George  Dimmick,  D.B.  1886     ....  Cambridge. 

Laughlin,  James  Laurence,  A.B.  1873      ....  Cambridge. 

Lawrance,  William  Irvin,  D.B.  1885 Dorchester. 

Lawrence,  Amory  Appleton,  A.B.  1870   ....  Boston. 

Lawrence,  Arthur,  A.B.  1863 Stockbridge. 

Lawrence,  George  Porter,  LL.B.  1860      ....  Cambridge. 

Lawrence,  James,  A.B.  1874 Groton. 

Lawrence,  Rosewell  Bigelow,  A.B.  1878  ....  Medford. 

Lawrence,  Samuel  Crocker,  A.B.  1855      ....  Medford. 

Lawrence,  William,  A.B.  1871 Cambridge. 

Lawrence,  William  Badger,  A.B.  1879    ....  Medford. 

Lawton,  Alexander  Robert,  LL.B.  1842  ....  Savannah,  Ga. 

Lawtou,  Frederick,  A.B.  1874 Lowell. 

Lawton,  William  Cranston,  A.B.  1873     ....  Cambridge. 

Learned,  William  Pollock,  A.B.  1880 Pittsfield. 

Learoyd,  Charles  Henry,  A.B.  1858 Taunton. 

Leatherbee,  George  Henry,  A.B.  1882     ....  Parkersburg,  W.  Va. 

Ledlie,  George  Hees,  A.B.  1884 Cambridge. 

Lee,  Daniel  David,  D.V.S.  1886 Jamaica  Plain. 


356  REGISTRATION. 

Lee,  Edward  Thomas,  A.B.  1886 Hartford,  Ct. 

Lee,  Elliot  Cabot,  A.B.  1876 Brookline. 

Lee,  Frederick  Schiller,  A.B.,  St.  Lawrence  Uni- 
versity, 1878 Canton,  N.Y. 

Lee,  Henry,  A.B.  1836 Brookline. 

Lee,  Joseph,  A.B.  1883 Brookline. 

Lee,  Thomas,  A.B.  1879 Washington,  D.C. 

Leeds,  Albert  Ripley,  A.B.  1865 Hoboken,  N.J. 

Lefavour,  Edward  Brown,  A.B.  1876 Beverly. 

Legate,  Burton  John,  A.B.  1877 Boston. 

Leidy,  Joseph,  M.D.,  LL.D.,  Director  of  the  Bio- 
logical Department,  and  Professor  of  Anatomy, 

University  of  Pennsylvania Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Leland,  Willis  Daniels,  A.B.  1876 North  Weytnouth. 

Le  Moyne,  Francis  Julius,  A.B.  1877 Chicago,  111. 

Leonard,  Amos  Morse,  A.B.  1866 Boston. 

Leonard,  Frederick  Moses,  A.B.  1879 Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Leverett,  George  Vasmer,  A.B.  1867 Cambridge. 

Lewis,  Edwin  Creswell,  A.B.  1859 Laconia,  N.H. 

Lewis,  Henry  Foster,  A.B.  1885 Chicago,  111. 

Lewis,  Isaac  Newton,  A.B.  1873 Walpole. 

Lighthipe,  Charles  Francis,  A.B.  1875     ....  Orange,  N.J. 

Lilienthal,  Howard,  A.B.  1883 Saratoga  Springs,  N.Y. 

Lincoln,  Albert  Lamb,  Jr. ,  A.B.  1872      ....  Brookline. 

Lincoln,  Arthur,  A.B.  1863 Boston. 

Lincoln,  Charles  Sprague,  A.B.  1850 Somerville. 

Lincoln,  Charles  Jairus,  A.B.  1865     .     .     .      Aspinwall  Hill,  Brookline. 

Lincoln,  Francis  Henry,  A.B.  1867 Hingham. 

Lincoln,  Francis  Newhall,  A.B.  1871 Boston. 

Lincoln,  Frederic  Walker,  A.M.  1855      .     .     .    Mt.  Everett,  Dorchester. 

Lincoln,  Nathan,  A.B.  1842 Cambridgeport. 

Lincoln,  Solomon,  A.B.  1857 Boston. 

Lincoln,  Waldo,  A.B.  1870 Worcester. 

Littauer,  Lucius  Nathan,  A.B.  1878 New  York,  N.Y. 

Littauer,  William,  A.B.  1886 New  York,  N.Y. 

Littlefield,  George  Emery,  A.B.  1866 North  Cambridge. 

Livermore,  Joseph  Perkins,  A.B.  1875     ....  Cambridge. 

Livingood,  Frank  Shalter,  A.B.  1876 Reading,  Pa. 

Lloyd,  Alfred  Henry,  A.B.  1886 Montclair,  N.J. 

Locke,  Warren  Andrew,  A.B.  1869 Cambridge. 

Lodge,  Henry  Cabot,  A.B.  1871 Nahant. 

Loeser,  Charles  Alexander,  A.B.  1886      ....  New  York,  N.Y. 

Lombard,  Josiah,  A.B.  1863 New  York,  N.Y. 

Lombard,  Warren  Plimpton,  A.B.  1878  .     .     .     .  New  York,  N.Y. 

Lombard,  William  Alden,  A.B  1883 Boston. 

Long,  Joseph  Mansfield,  A.B.  1885 Brookline. 

Longfellow,  Alexander  Wadsworth,  Jr.,  A.B.  1876  Portland,  Me. 

Longfellow,  Samuel,  A.B.  1839 Cambridge. 

Longfellow,  William  Pitt  Preble,  A.B.  1855    .     .  Boston. 


REGISTRATION.  357 

Lord,  Arthur,  A.B.  1872 Plymouth. 

Lord,  Augustus  Mendon,  A.B.  1883 Cambridge. 

Lord,  Eliot,  A.B.  1873 Boston. 

Lord,  William  Tyler,  A.B.  1883 Boston. 

Loring,  Augustus  Peabody,  A.B.  1878     ....  Boston. 

Loriug,  Caleb  William,  A.B.  1839 Beverly  Farms. 

Loriug,  Francis  Caleb,  A.B.  1863 Boston. 

Loring,  George  Bailey,  A.B.  1838 Salem. 

Loring,  William  Caleb,  A.B.  1872 Boston. 

Lothrop,  Arthur  Prescott,  A.B.  1882 Taunton. 

Loud,  John  Jacob,  A.B.  1866 Weymouth 

Lounsbury,  Edward  Haskell,  A.B.  1884  ....  Woburn. 

Lovering,  Charles  Taylor,  A.B.  1868 Boston. 

Levering,  Ernest,  A.B.  1881 Cambridge. 

Lovering,  James  Walker,  A.B.  1866 Cambridge. 

Lovering,  Joseph,  A.B.  1833 Cambridge. 

Lovett,  Robert  Williamson,  A.B.  1881      ....  Boston. 

Lovejoy,  Charles  Averill,  A.B.  1868 Lynn. 

Lowe,  Fred  Messenger,  M.D.  1884 Boston. 

Lowell,  Abbott  Lawrence,  A.B.  1877 Boston. 

Lowell,  Edward  Jackson,  A.B.  1867 Boston. 

Lowell,  Francis  Cabot,  A.B.  1876 Boston. 

Lowell,  James  Russell,  A.B.  1838,  D.C.L.,  LL.D.  .  Southborough. 

Lowell,  John,  A.B.  1843 Chestnut  Hill. 

Lowell,  John,  Jr.,  A.B.  1877 Chestnut  Hill. 

Lowell,  Percival,  A.B.  1876 Boston. 

Lowman,  Jesse,  A.B.  1884 Cincinnati,  O. 

Luce,  Robert,  A.B.  1882 Somerville. 

Ludlow,  James  Bettner,  A.B.  1881 New  York,  N.Y. 

Lull,  Herbert  Warren,  A.B.  1874 Milford. 

Lunt,  Edward  Clark,  A.B.  1886 Maiden. 

Lyman,  Arthur,  A.B.  1883 Boston. 

Lyinan,  Arthur  Theodore,  A.B.  1853 Boston. 

Lyman,  Benjamin  Smith,  A.B.  1855 Northampton. 

Lyman,  Charles  Parker,  F.R.C.V.S Chestnut  Hill. 

Lyman,  George  Hinckley,  Jr.,  A.B.  1873      .     .     .  Boston. 

Lyman,  Theodore,  A.B.  1855 Brookline. 

Lyon,  David  Gordon,  A.B.  1875 Cambridge. 

Lyon,  Henry,  A.B.  1835 Charlestown. 

Lyon,  William  Henry,  D.B.  1873 Roxbury. 

MCALLISTER,  Hall,  Jr.,  A.B.  1886 San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Me  Arthur,  John  R.,  A.B   1885 Chicago,  111. 

McCagg,  Louis  Butler,  A.B.  1884 New  York,  N.Y. 

McCleary,  Samuel  Foster,  A.B.  1841 Brookline. 

McCook,"  Robert  Latimer,  A.B.  1885 New  York,  N.Y. 

McCosh,  James,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  President  of  College 

of  New  Jersey Princeton,  N.J. 

McCoy,  Walter  Irving,  A.B.  1882 Troy,  N.Y. 


358  REGISTRATION. 

McDaniel,  Benjamin  Franklin,  D.B.  18G9     .     .     .  Salem. 

McDaniel,  Samuel  Walton,  LL.B.  1878    ....  Cambridge. 

Macdonald,  Loren  Benjamin,  A.B.  188G  (B.D.  1881)  Shirley. 

McDuffie,  John,  Jr.,  A.B.  1884 Greenfield. 

McGrath,  Thomas,  LL.B.  1865 St.  Andrews,  N.B. 

McGrew,  Gifford  Horace  Greeley,  A.B.  1874     .     .  Wareham. 

Machado,  Jose"  Antonio,  A.B.  1883 Salem. 

Machen,  Arthur  Webster,  LL.B.  1851      ....  Baltimore,  Md. 

McTnnes,  Edwin  Guthrie,  A.B.  1883 Maiden. 

Mclnnes,  William  Morrow,  A.B.  1885      ....  Roxbury. 

Mclntire,  Farrington,  A.B.  1843 Wollaston  Heights. 

Mack,  Alfred,  LL.B.  1883 Cincinnati,  O. 

Mack,  Charles  Samuel,  A.B.  1879 Boston. 

Mack,  Henry  W.,  LL.B.  1884 Dakota  Flats,  N.Y. 

Mackay,  William,  A.B.  1855 Cambridge. 

McKeever,  Henry  Francis,  LL.B.  1871      ....  Boston. 

McKelvey,  John  Jay,  A.B.  1884,  Oberlin    ....  Sandusky,  O. 

McKenzie,  Alexander,  A.B.  1859 Cambridge. 

McKim,  Haslett,  Jr.,  A.B.  1866 Navesink,  N.J. 

Mackintosh,  William  Davis,  A.B.  1869     ....  Arlington  Heights. 

McLennan,  Francis,  A.B.  1879 Montreal,  Can. 

Macvane,  Silas  Marcus,  A.B.  1873 Cambridge. 

MacVeagh,  Charles,  A.B.  1881 New  York,  N.Y. 

Magoun,  Thatcher,  A.B.  1858 Boston. 

Mahoney,  John  Francis,  A.B.  1885 Waltham. 

Mallory,  Frank  Burr,  A.B.  1880 Cleveland,  O. 

Mandell,  Henry  Fauntleroy,  A.B.  1884     ....  Boston. 

Mann,  George  Combe,  A.B.  1867 Jamaica  Plain. 

Manning,  Leonard  Jarvis,  A.B.  1876 College  Hill. 

Mansfield,  Ex-Sumner,  A  B.  1868 Brookline. 

Marden,  Francis  Alexander,  A.B.  1803    ....  Stamford,  Ct. 

Marden,  Orrison  Swett,  M.D.  1882 Boston. 

Mark,  Edward  Laurens,  A.B.  1871,  Univ.  Mich.    .  Cambridge. 

Marsh,  Francis,  A.B.  1863 Dedham. 

Marsh,  Othniel  Charles,  A.B.  Yale,  1860,  Professor 

of  Palaeontology  in  Yale  College  ....  New  Haven,  Ct. 

Marsters,  John  Marshall,  A.B.  1847 North  Cambridge. 

Martin,  Alfred  Wilhehn,  D.B.  1885 Montreal,  Can. 

Martin,  Austin  Agnew,  A.B.  1873 Boston. 

Mason,  Amos  Lawrence,  A.B.  1863 Boston. 

Mason,  Atherton  Perry,  A.B.  1879 Fitchburg. 

Mason,  Charles,  A.B.  1834 Fitchburg. 

Mason,  Charles  Frank,  A.B.  1882 Revere. 

Mason,  Harry  White,  A.B.  1878 Newton  Centre. 

Mason,  John  James,  A.B.  1866 Newport,  R.I. 

Mason,  William  Castein,  A.B.  1874 Bangor,  Me. 

Mason,  William  Powell,  A.B.  1856 Walpole,  N.H. 

Matthews,  Albert,  A.B.  1882 Boston. 

Matthews,  Nathan Boston. 


REGISTRATION.  359 

Matthews,  Nathan,  Jr.,  A.B.  1875 Boston. 

May,  Henry  Farnham,  A.B.  1881 Boston. 

May,  James  Rundlet,  A.B.  1861 Portsmouth,  N.H. 

May,  Samuel,  A.B.  1829 Leicester. 

Mead,  Julian  Augustus,  A.B.  1878 Watertown. 

Melledge,  James  Harold,  A.B.  1881 Lawrence. 

Melledge,  Robert  Job,  A.B.  1877 Cambridge. 

Mennninger,  Robert  Withers,  A.B.  1859  ....  Charleston,  S.C. 

Meriam,  Horatio  Cook,  D.M.D.  1874 Salem. 

Merriam,  Frank,  A.B.  1871 Boston. 

Merriam,  John  McKinstry,  A.B.  1886       ....  South  Framingham. 

Merrill,  Moses,  A.B.  1856 Boston. 

Merritt,  Edward  Percival,  A.B.  1882 Boston. 

Metcalf,  Eliab  Wight,  A.B.  1859 North  Cambridge. 

Metcalf,  Simeon  McCausland,  M.D.  1881       .     .     .  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Metivier,  James,  A.B.  1877 Cambridge. 

Meyer,  George  von  Lengerke,  A.B.  1879  ....  Boston. 

Mifflin,  George  Harrison,  A.B.  1865 Boston. 

Millingen,  Alexander  van,  M.A.,  Edinburgh,  Scot- 
land, Professor  in  Robert  College Constantinople,  Tur. 

Mills,  Arthur,  A.B.  1872 Brookline. 

Mills,  Ezra  Palmer,  A.B.  1885 New  York,  N.Y. 

Mills,  Hiram  Roberts,  A.B.  1876 Hartford,  Ct. 

Milton,  Henry  Slade,  A.B.  1875 Waltham. 

Minot,  Charles  Henry,  Jr.,  A.B.  1886  .......  Boston. 

Minot,  Charles  Sedgwick,  S.D.  1878 Boston. 

Minot,  George  Richards,  A.B.  1871 Boston. 

Minot,  Robert  Sedgwick,  A.B.  1877 Jamaica  Plain. 

Mitchell,  Charles  Andrews,  A.B.  1881       ....  Concord,  N.H. 

Mitchell,  James  WTilliam,  A.B.  1879 Boston. 

Mitchell,  Silas  Weir,  1850,  Univ.  Pennsylvania  .     .  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Mitchell,  Walter,  A.B.  1846 New  York,  N.Y. 

Mixter,  George,  A.B.  1SG3 Boston. 

Mixter,  Samuel  Jason,  M.D.  1879 Boston. 

Monks,  George  Howard,  A.B.  1875 Boston. 

Monroe,  William  Ingalls,  A.B.  1879 Boston  (Highlands). 

Montague,  Frazer  Livingston,  A.B.  1884      .     .     .  Chelsea. 

Montague,  Henry  Watmough,  A.B.  1878      .     .     .  Chelsea. 

Montgomery,  William,  Jr.,  A.B.  1867      ....  New  York,  N.Y. 

Moore,  Edward  Cook,  Jr.,  A.B.  1878 Yonkers,  N.Y. 

Moors,  Arthur  Wendell,  A  B  1880 Boston. 

Moors,  Francis  Joseph,  A.B.  1886 Boston. 

Moors,  John  Farwell,  A.B.  1842 Greenfield. 

Moors,  John  Farwell,  A.B.  1883 Boston. 

Morgan,  Charles,  A.B.  1880 Bordentown,  N.J. 

Morgan,  Morris  Hicky,  A  B.  1881 Cambridge. 

Morison,  George  Burnap,  A.B.  1883 Boston. 

Morison,  George  Shattuck,  A.B.  1863 New  York,  N.Y. 

Morison,  John  Holmes,  A.B.  1878 Boston. 


360  REGISTRATION. 

Morison,  John  Hopkins,  A.B  1831 Boston. 

Morison,  Robert  Swain,  A.B.  1869 Cambridge. 

Morison,  Samuel  Lord,  A.B.  1873 New  York,  N.Y. 

Morong,  Arthur  Bennett,  M.D.  1876 Boston. 

Morrell,  George  Dallas,  A.B.  1877 Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Morrill,  George,  A.B.  1846 Boston. 

Morris,  Alfred  Hennen,  A.B.  1885 West  Chester,  N.Y. 

Morris,  George  Patrick,  A.B.  1883 South  Boston. 

Morris,  John  Gavin,  A.B.  1879 South  Boston. 

Morris,  William  Radcliff,  A.B.  1877 Omaha,  Neb. 

Morse,  Charles  Francis,  A.B.  1883 Boston. 

Morse,  Edwin  Wilson,  A.B.  1878 New  York,  N.Y. 

Morse,  Godfrey,  A.B.  1870 Boston. 

Morse,  Henry  Lee,  A.B.  1874 Boston. 

Morse,  Robert  McNeil,  A.B.  1857 Jamaica  Plain. 

Morse,  William  Lambert,  A.B.  1874 Marlborough. 

Morse,  William  Russell,  A.B.  1876 Roxbury. 

Morss,  Charles  Henry,  A.B.  1880 Portsmouth,  N.H 

Morss,  John  Wells,  A.B.  1884 Boston. 

Morton,  Johnson,  A.B.  1886 Pawtucket,  R.I. 

Motley,  George  Storer,  A.B.  1879 Lowell. 

Motte,  Ellis  Loring,  A.B.  1859 Boston. 

Mullen,  Thomas  Aloysius,  A  B.  1884 South  Boston. 

Mullett,  Alfred  Edgar,  D.B.  1873 Charlestown. 

Mumford,  James  Gregory,  A.B.  1885       ....  Rochester,  N.Y. 

Mumford,  William  Woolsey,  A.B.  1884  ....  New  York,  N.Y. 

Munro,  John  Cummings,  A.B.  1881 Lexington. 

Munroe,  Charles  Edward,  S.B.  1871 Newport,  R.I. 

Munroe,  Charles  William,  A.B.  1847 Cambridge. 

Munroe,  Nathan  Watson,  A.B.  1830 Greenfield. 

Munroe,  William  Adams,  A.B.  1864 Boston. 

Murkland,  Charles  Sumner,  D.B.  1883    ....  Manchester,  N.H. 

Murphy,  William  Stanislaus,  A.B.  1885   ....  Boston. 

Murray,  John  Archibald,  A.B.  1878 New  York,  N.Y. 

Muzzey,  Artemas  Bowers,  A.B.  1824 Cambridge. 

Muzzey,  David  Patterson,  D.B.  1869 Cambridgeport. 

Myers,  James  Jefferson,  A.B.  1869 Cambridge. 

NASH,  Bennett  Hubbard,  A.B.  1856 Boston. 

Nash,  George  Miner,  A.B.  1877 Everett. 

Nash,  Henry  Sylvester,  A.B.  1878 Cambridge. 

Nash,  Nathaniel  Gushing,  A.B.  1884 Cambridge. 

Nason,  Rufus  William,  A.B.  1873 Boston. 

Neal,  George  Benjamin,  A.B.  1846 Charlestown. 

Nelson,  Edward  Beverly,  A.B.  1873 Rome,  N.Y. 

Nelson,  Henry  David,  A.B.  1884 Milford. 

Nelson,  Thomas,  A.B.  1866 Boston. 

Nesmith,  Joseph  Aaron,  A.B.  1881 Lowell. 

Nesmith,  Thomas,  A.B.  1871 Lowell. 


REGISTRATION.  361 

Newcomb.  Simon,  S.B.  1858 Washington,  D.C. 

Newell,  Otis  Kiinball,  M  D.  1882 Boston. 

Newell,  Samuel,  A.B.  1857 Great  Barrington. 

Newell,  William  Wells,  A.B.  1859 Cambridge. 

Newhall,  Herbert  William,  A.B.  1879     ....  Lynn. 

Newhall,  John  Breed,  A.B.  1885 Lynn. 

Nichols,  Arthur  Howard,  A.B.  1862 Boston. 

Nichols,  Benjamin  White,  A.B.  1842 Boston. 

Nichols,  Charles  Corbett,  A.B.  1883 Everett. 

Nichols,  Edgar  Hamilton,  A.B.  1878 Cambridge. 

Nichols,  Frederick,  A.B.  1883 Boston. 

Nichols,  Frederick  Spelman,  A.B.  1849    ....  Boston. 

Nichols,  George  Henry,  A.B.  1833 Boston. 

Nichols,  Harry  Peirce,  A.B.  1871 New  Haven,  Ct. 

Nichols,  Henry  Oilman,  A.B.  1877 Boston. 

Nichols,  John  Loring,  A.B.  1879 Somerville. 

Nichols,  John  Taylor  Gilman,  A.B.  1836      .     .     .  Saco,  Me. 

Nichols,  John  Taylor  Gilman,  M.D.  1859     .     .     .  Cambridge. 

Nichols,  Seth,  A.B.  1885 Boston. 

Nichols,  William  Ichabod,  A.B.  1874 Littleton. 

Nickerson,  George  Augustus,  A.B.  1876  ....  Boston. 

Noble,  George  Washington  Copp,  A.B.  1858     .     .  Cambridge. 

Noble,  John,  A.B.  1850 Roxbury. 

Nolen,  William  Whiting,  A.B.  1884 Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Noonan,  John  Andrew,  A.B.  1884 South  Boston. 

Norcross,  Grenville  Howland,  A.B.  1875  ....  Boston. 

Norcross,  Otis,  A.B.  1870 Boston. 

Norris,  Albert  Lane,  M.D.  1865 Cambridge. 

Norris,  Samuel,  Jr.,  A.B.  1883 Bristol,  R.I. 

Norton,  Charles  Eliot,  A.B.  1846 Cambridge. 

Norton,  Eliot,  A.B.  1885 Cambridge. 

Noyes,  Charles,  A.B.  1856 North  Andover. 

Noyes,  Edward  Isaac  Kimbal,  A.B.  1885      .     .     .  Cambridge. 

Noyes,  Ernest  Henry,  M.D.  1880 Boston. 

Noyes,  George  Dana,  A.B.  1851 Brookliue. 

Noyes,  James  Atkins,  A.B.  1883 Brooklyn,  N.Y. 

Noyes,  Samuel  Bradley,  A.B.  1844 Canton. 

Noyes,  William,  A.B.  1881 New  York,  N.Y. 

Nunn,  Charles  Peirce,  A.B.  1879 Lexington. 

Nutter,  George  Read,  A.B.  1885 Boston. 

O'BRIEN,  Hon.  Hugh,  Mayor  of  Boston    ....  Boston. 
O'Brien,    Hon.  John   Bernard,  Sheriff  of  Suffolk 

County Boston. 

Okakura,  Kakuyo,  Tokio  University Tokio,  Japan. 

O'Keefe,  John  Aloysius,  A.B.  1880 Lynn. 

Oliver,  Henry  Kemble,  A.B.  1852 Boston. 

Olmstead,  James  Monroe,  A.B.  1873 Boston. 

Olmsted,  Frederick  Law,  A.M.  1864 Brookline. 


362  REGISTRATION. 

Gluey,  George  Washington,  LL.B.  1855  ....  New  York,  N.Y. 

Olney,  Peter  Butler,  A.B.  1864 New  York,  N.Y. 

Orcutt,  William  Hunter,  A.B.  1869 Cambridgeport. 

Ordronaux,  John,  LL.B.  1852 Roslyn,  N.Y. 

Ordway,  Herbert  Ingersoll,  A.B.  1873      ....  Newton  Centre. 

Osborne,  Louis  Shreve,  A.B.  1873 Chicago,  111. 

Osborne,  Thomas  Mott,  A.B.  1884 Auburn,  N.Y 

Osgood,  Edmund  Quincy  Sewall,  A.B.  1875      .     .  Grafton. 

Osgood,  George,  D.B.  1847 Kensington,  N.H. 

Osgood,  George  Laurie,  A.B.  1866 Cambridge. 

Osgood,  Henry  Blanchard,  A.B.  1878 Roxbury. 

Osgood,  Joseph  Barlow  Felt,  A.B.  1846    ....  Salem. 

Osgood,  William  Fogg,  A.B.  1886 Milton. 

Otis,  Charles  Harrison,  A.B.  1873 Brooklyn,  N.Y. 

Otis,  Edward  Osgood,  A.B.  1871 Boston. 

Otis,  James,  A.B.  1881 Roxbury. 

Owen,  Roscoe  Palmer,  A  B.  1863 Boston.  « 

Oxnard,  Henry  Ernest,  A.B.  1886 Portland,  Me. 

PAGE,  Henry  Deeley,  A.B.  1878 Boston. 

Page,  Rolla  Oscar,  A.B.  1845 Brooklyn,  N.Y. 

Page,  William  Hussey,  Jr.,  A.B   1883      ....  New  York,  N.Y. 

Paine,  James  Leonard,  A.B.  1881 Cambridge. 

Paine,  John  Kuowles,  A.M.  1869 Cambridge. 

Paine,  Robert  Treat,  A.B.  1855 Boston. 

Palfray,  Charles  Warwick,  A.B.  1835 Salem. 

Palfrey,  Cazneau,  A.B.  1826 Cambridge. 

Palmer,  Charles  Dana,  A.B.  1868 Lowell. 

Palmer,  Franklin  Sawyer,  A.B.  1886 Roslindale. 

Palmer,  George  Herbert,  A.B.  1864 Cambridge. 

Palmer,  Joseph  Newell,  A.B.  1886 Cambridge. 

Palmer,  William  Henry,  A.B.  1863 New  York,  N.Y. 

Park,  Edwards  Amasa,  A.M.  1844,  S.T.D.,  Emer- 
itus Professor  of  Christian  Theology  at  A  ndover 

Theological  Seminary Andover. 

Park,  John  Gray,  A.B.  1858 Worcester. 

Parker,  Charles  Henry,  A.B.  1835 Boston. 

Parker,  Charles  Pomeroy,  A.B.  1876,  Oxford    .     .  Cambridge. 

Parker,  Chauncey  Goodrich,  A.B.  1885    ....  Newark,  N.J. 

Parker,  Edmund  Morley,  A.B.  1877 Cambridge. 

Parker,  George  Howard Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Parker,  Henry  Ainsworth,  A.B.  1864 Cambridge. 

Parker,  Henry  Boynton,  A.B.  1867 Oswego,  N.Y. 

Parker,  James  Cutler  Dunn,  A.B.  1848    ....  Brookline. 

Parker,  W.  Stevens,  A.B.  1850 Stonington,  Ct. 

Parker,  Wilbur  Bates,  D.M.D.  1875 Boston. 

Parkman,  Charles  McDonbgh,  A.B.  1846  ....  Rahway,  N.J. 

Parkman,  Francis,  A.B.  1844.     .......  Boston. 

Parkman,  Henry,  A.B.  1870 Boston. 


REGISTRATION.  363 

Parks,  Gorham,  A.B.  1854 Albany,  N.Y. 

Parmenter,  James  Parker,  A.B.  1881 Arlington. 

Parmenter,  William  Ellison,  A.B.  1836    ....  Arlington. 

Parrish,  Samuel  Longstreth,  A.B.  1870     ....  New  York,  N.Y. 

Parsons,  Charles  Chauucy,  A.B.  1860 Hempstead,  N.Y. 

Parsons,  Charles  William,  A.B.  1840 Providence,  R.I. 

Parsons,  Theophilus,  A.B.  1870 Brookline. 

Partridge,  George  Fairbanks,  A.B.  1885  ....  Caryville. 

Paton,  James  Morton,  A.B.  1884     ......  Cambridge. 

Patten,  Francis  Bartlett,  A.B.  1879 Roxbury. 

Patterson,  George  Herbert,  LL.B.  1863     ....  Providence,  R.I. 

Patton,  Jacob  Cansler,  A.B.  1877 Cambridge. 

Patton,  John  Sidney,  A.B.  1874 Allston. 

Paul,  Walter  Everard,  A.B.  1883 Auburn,  Me. 

Paulding,  James  Kirke,  A.B.  1885 Cold  Spring,  N.Y. 

Payne,  James  Henry,  Jr.  A.B.  1886 Boston. 

Payson,  Edward  Payson,  LL.B.  1871 Boston. 

Peabody,  Andrew  Preston,  A.B.  1826 Cambridge. 

Peabody,  Francis  Greenwood,  A.B.  1869  ....  Cambridge. 

Peabody,  Joseph,  A.B.  1844 Boston. 

Peabody,  Robert  Swain,  A.B.  1866 Boston. 

Pearce,  Edward  Douglas,  A.B.  1871 Providence,  R  I. 

Pearmain,  Sumner  Bass,  A.B.  1883 Boston. 

Pease,  Theodore  Claudius,  A.B.  1875 Maiden. 

Peckham,  William  Gibbs,  A.B.  1867 New  York,  N.Y. 

Peirce,  Benjamin  Osgood,  A.B.  1876 Cambridge. 

Peirce,  James  Mills,  A.B.  1853 Cambridge. 

Peirce,  Joshua  Rindge,  A.B.  1851 Dorchester. 

Peirson,  Edward  Lawrence,  A.B.  1884      ....  Salem. 

Peirson,  Horatio  Perry,  A.B.  1885 Salem. 

Pellew,  George,  A.B.  1880 Boston. 

Penhallow,  Charles  Sherburne,  A.B.  1874     .     .     .  Jamaica  Plain. 

Pepper,  George  Dana  Boardman,  D.D.,  LL.D., 

President  of  Colby  University Waterville,  Me. 

Perkins,  Edward  Cranch,  A.B.  1866 Milton. 

Perkins,  Gilman  Nichols,  A.B.  1886 Rochester,  N.Y. 

Perkins,  John  Walter,  A.B.  1882 Hyde  Park. 

Perkins,  John  Wright,  A.B.  1865 South  Byfield. 

Perkins,  Maurice,  A.M.  1865 Schenectady,  N.Y. 

Perkins,  Robert  Patterson,  A.B.  1884 Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Perrin,  Arthur,  A.B.  1877 Cambridge. 

Perrin,  Frank,  D.M.D.  1877 Cambridge. 

Perrin,  Willard  Taylor,  A.B.  1870 Worcester. 

Perry,  Frederick  Gardiner,  A.B.  1879 Weston. 

Perry,  Herbert  Mills,  A.B.  1880 New  Ipswich,  N.H. 

Perry,  Oscar  Edward,  A.B.  1883 Worcester. 

Peters,  Christian  Henry  Frederick,  Ph  D.  Berlin, 
1836,  Professor  of  Astronomy,  Director  of  Ob- 
servatory, Hamilton  College Clinton,  N.Y. 


364  REGISTRATION. 

Peterson,  Ellis,  A.B.  1853 Jamaica  Plain. 

Peterson,  Reuben,  A.B.  1885 East  Boston. 

Pevey,  Gilbert  Abiel  Abbott,  A.B.  1873    ....  Cambridge. 

Pfeiffer,  Oscar  Joseph,  M.D.  1884 Denver,  CoL 

Phelps,  Francis,  A.B.  1837 Boston. 

Philbrick,  Edward  Southwick,  A.B.  1846     .     .     .  Brookline. 

Philbrick,  William  Dean,  A.B.  1855 Newton  Centre. 

Phillips,  Walter  Brigham,  A.B.  1886 Boston. 

Phillips,  Willard  Quincy,  A.B.  1855 Paris,  France. 

Phippen,  Hardy,  A.B.  1884 Salem. 

Pickering,  Arthur  Howard,  A.B.  1874 Roxbury. 

Pickering,  Edward  Charles,  S.B.  1865      ....  Cambridge. 

Pickering,  Henry,  A.B.  1861 Boston. 

Pickering,  Henry  Goddard,  A.B.  1869      ....  Boston. 

Pickman,  Dudley  Leavitt,  A.B.  1873 Boston. 

Pierce,  Edward  Lillie,  LL.B.  1852 Milton. 

Pierce,  Edward  Peter,  LL.B.  1877 Fitchburg. 

Pierce,  George  Winslow,  A.B.  1864     .     .     .     .     .  Boston. 

Pike,  Robert  Gordon,  A.B.  1843 Middletown,  Ct. 

Pilsbury,  Ernest  Henry,  A.B.  1880 Brooklyn,  N.Y. 

Pine,  George  Stevenson,  A.B.  1876 Roxbury. 

Pingree,  David,  A.B.  1863 Salem. 

Pinney,  George  Miller,  Jr.,  A.B.  1878 New  York,  N.Y. 

Piper,  George  Fiske,  D.B.  1862 Bedford. 

Piper,  George  Frederick,  A.B.  1867 Cambridge. 

Piper,  William  Taggard,  A.B.  1874 Cambridge. 

Pitkin,  Charles  Alfred,  A.B.  1873 Braintree. 

Playfair,  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  Lyon,  M.P.,  Delegate  from 

Edinburgh  University London,  Eng. 

Pollard,  Alonzo  Wilder,  A.B.  1883 Roxbury. 

Poole,  Jerome  Bonaparte,  A.B.  1867 Rockland. 

Poor,  Albert,  A.B.  1879 Boston. 

Porter,  Charles  Burnham,  A.B.  1862 Boston. 

Porter,  Edward  Griffin,  A.B.  1858 Lexington. 

Potter,  Silas  Allen,  A.B.  1876 Roxbury. 

Potter,  William  Henry,  A.B.  1878 Roxbury. 

Potter,  William  James,  A.B.  1854 New  Bedford. 

Pousland,  Charles  Fitz,  A.B.  1872 Salem. 

Powell,  John  Wesley,  Director  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey  Washington,  D.C. 

Pratt,  Charles  Augustus,  A.B.  1886 East  Somerville. 

Pratt,  Frank  Gustine,  A.B.  1884 Keene,  N.H. 

Pratt,  George  Greenleaf,  A.B.  1866 Boston. 

Preble,  Henry,  A.B.  1875 Portland,  Me. 

Preble,  Wallace,  A.B.  1879 Cambridge. 

Preble,  William  Pitt,  LL.B.  1843 Portland,  Me. 

Prentiss,  Henry  Conant,  A.B.  1854 Roxbury. 

Prentiss,  John,  A.B.  1884 Keene,  N.H. 

Presbrey,  Palmer  Ellis,  A.B.  1885 Cambridge. 

Presbrey,  Silas  Dean,  A.B.  1860 .  Taunton. 


REGISTRATION.  365 

Preston,  Frank  Whipple,  S.B.  1858 New  Ipswich,  N.H. 

Preston,  James  Faulkner,  A.B.  1883 Boston. 

Preston,  John,  A.B.  1882 New  Ipswich,  N.H. 

Preston,  William  Arthur,  A.B.  1854 New  Ipswich,  N.H. 

Priest,  George  Eaton,  A.B.  1862 Watertown. 

Prince,  Morton  Henry,  A.B.  1875 Boston. 

Proctor,  Thomas  Parker,  A.B.  1854 Boston. 

Pudor,  Gustav  Adolph,  A.B.  1886 Portland,  Me. 

Putnam,  Alfred  Porter,  D.B.  1855 Concord. 

Putnam,  Allen,  A.B.  1825 Boston. 

Putnam,  Charles  Pickering,  A.B.  1865     ....  Boston. 

Putnam,  George,  A.B.  1854 Cambridge. 

Putnam,  Henry  Ware,  A.B.  1869 Roxbury. 

Putnam,  Herbert,  A.B.  1883 Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Putnam,  James  Jackson,  A.B.  1866 Boston. 

Putnam,  William  Lowell,  A.B.  1882 Boston. 

QUINCY,  Henry  Parker,  A.B.  1862 Dedham. 

Quincy,  Josiah,  A.B.  1880 Quincy. 

Quincy,  Josiah  Phillips,  A.B.  1850 Quincy. 

Quincy,  Samuel  Miller,  A.B.  1852 Boston. 

RAND,  Benjamin,  A.B.  1879 Canning,  N.S. 

Rand,  Edward  Lathrop,  A.B.  1881 Cambridge. 

Randall,  Charles  Lawrence,  M.D.  1872     ....  Brighton. 

Randall,  Samuel  Haskell,  LL.B.  1859 New  York,  N.Y. 

Rankin,  Edward  Everett,  A.B.  1886 Deerfield. 

Raulet,  Charles,  A.B.  1883 Holyoke. 

Ranlett,  David  Dodge,  A.B.  1857 St.  Albans,  Vt 

Ranlett,  Frederick  Jordan,  A.B.  1880 Auburndale. 

Rantoul,  Robert  Samuel,  A.B.  1853 Salem. 

Rathbone,  John  Henry,  A.B.  1886 Albany,  N.Y. 

Rawle,  Francis,  A.B.  1869 German  town,  Phila.,  Pa. 

Raymond,  Manley  Amsden,  A.B.  1875 New  York,  N.Y. 

Read,  Charles  Coolidge,  A.B.  1864 Cambridge. 

Read,  Edward,  A.B.  1869 Cambridge. 

Read,  John,  A.B.  1862 Cambridge. 

Read,  Nathaniel  Goodwin,  A.B.  1871 Cambridge. 

Reeby,  William  Henry,  D.B.  1876 Harvard. 

Reed,  Arthur,  A.B.  1862 Boston. 

Reed,  Charles  Montgomery,  LL.B.  1870  ....  Boston. 

Reed,  Frederick,  A.B.  1881 Boston. 

Reed,  James,  A  B.  1855 Boston. 

Reed,  Joseph  Wheeler,  A.B.  1867 Maynard. 

Reed,  Milton,  A.B.  1868 Fall  River. 

Renouf,  Edward  Augustus,  A.B.  1838      ....  Keene,  N.H. 

Reynolds,  John,  A.B.  1871 Brooklyn,  N.Y. 

Reynolds,  John  Phillips,  A.B.  1845 Boston. 

Reynolds,  Thomas  Walter,  A.B.  1886 Brooklyn,  N.Y. 


366  REGISTRATION. 

Rice,  Alexander  Hamilton,  LL.D.  1876  ....  Boston. 

Rice,  Nathan  Paysou,  A.B.  1849 New  York,  N.Y. 

Rich,  James  Rogers,  A.B.  1870 Boston. 

Richards,  Henry  Augustus,  A.B.  1888      ....     VVeymouth. 

Richards,  Theodore  William,  A.B.  1886  ....  Sadsburyville,  Pa. 

Richards,  William  Phillips,  A  B.  1876      ....  West  Somerville. 

Richards,  William  Reuben,  A.B.  1874      ....  Boston. 

Richards,  William  Whitlock,  A.B.  1868  .     .     .     .  New  York,  N.Y. 

Richardson,  Daniel  Merchant,  A.B.  1883  ....  Lowell. 

Richardson,  Daniel  Samuel,  A.B.  1836      ....  Lowell. 

Richardson,  Hazen  Kimball,  A.B.  1886    ....  Middleton. 

Richardson,  Herbert  Augustus,  A.B.  1882     .     .     .  South  Framingham. 

Richardson,  Homer  Bartlett,  A.B.  1875    ....  New  York,  N.Y. 

Richardson,  Horace,  A.B.  1852 Boston. 

Richardson,  Maurice  Howe,  A.B.  1873      ....  Boston. 

Richardson,  Myron  Wallace,  A.B.  1886    ....  Wilmington. 

Richardson,  William  King,  A.B.  1880 Boston. 

Richardson,  William  Lambert,  A.B.  1864     .     .     .  Boston. 

Richardson,  William  Minard,  A.B.  1879  ....  Cambridge. 

Ricketson,  John  Howland,  A.B.  1859 Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Riddle,  George,  A.B.  1874 Cambridge. 

Ripley,  Fred  Jerome,  M.D.  1883 Brockton. 

Ritchie,  John,  A.B.  1861 Boston. 

Rives,  Arthur  Landon,  A.B.  1874 Newport,  R.I. 

Rives,  Francis  Robert,   A.M.  1841,   University  of 

Virginia New  York,  N.Y. 

Rix,  Francis  Reader,  A.B.  1875 Lowell. 

Robbins,  Elliott  Daniel,  M.D.  1879 Charlestown. 

Roberts,  Herbert  Howard,  A.B.  1878 Reading. 

Roberts,  Odin  Barnes,  A.B.  1886 Boston. 

Roberts,  Walter  Hill,  A.B.  1877 Melrose. 

Roberts,  Waters  Dewees,  A.B.  1885 Riverton,  N.J. 

Robeson,  William  Rotch,  A.B.  1835 Lenox. 

Robins,  Edward  Blake,  A.B.  1864 Boston. 

Robinson,  Charles  Prosser,  A.B.  1885       ....  Parker's  Landing,  Pa. 

Robinson,  Edward,  A.B.  1879 Boston. 

Robinson,  Ezekiel  Gilman,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  President 

of  Brown  University Providence,  R.I. 

Robinson,  Frank  Walcott,  A.B.  1870 Jamaica  Plain. 

Robinson,  George  Dexter,  A.B.  1856,  Governor  of 

Massachusetts Chicopee. 

Robinson,  Nelson  Lemuel,  A.B.  1881 Canton,  N.Y. 

Robinson,  Warren  Merton,  A.B.  1878      ....  Lynn. 

Roby,  Eben  Willard,  A.B.  1877 New  York,  N.Y. 

Rodman,  Samuel  William,  A.B.  1834      ....  Burlington. 

Rogers,  Edmund  Law,  A.B.  1839 Baltimore,  Md. 

Rogers,  Henry  Bromfield,  A.B.  1822 Boston. 

Rogers,  Henry  Mnnroe,  A.B.  1862 Boston. 

Rogers,  Isaac  Lothrop,  A.B.  1881 New  York,  N.Y. 


REGISTRATION.  367 

Rolfe,  William  James,  A.M.  1859 Cambridge. 

Rollins,  Eben  William,  A.B.  1841 Boston. 

Rollins,  Frank  Waldron,  A.B.  1877 Abington. 

Rollins,  William  Henry,  A.B.  1841 Portsmouth,  N.H. 

Ropes,  John  Codman,  A.B.  1857 Boston. 

Ropes,  William  Ladd,  A.B.  1846 Andover. 

Rotch,  Arthur,  A.B.  1871 Boston. 

Rotch,  Morgan,  A.B.  1871 New  Bedford. 

Rotch,  Thomas  Morgan,  A.B.  1870 Boston. 

Rotch,  William,  A.B.  1865 Boston. 

Rotch,  William  James,  A.B.  1838 New  Bedford. 

Rousmaniere,  Edmund  Swett,  A.B.  1883      .     .     .  Pontiac,  R.I. 

Royce,  Josiah,  A.B.  1875,  University  of  California  Cambridge. 

Ruddick,  William  Henderson,  M.D.  1868     .     .     .  South  Boston. 

Ruggles,  John,  A.B.  1836 Brookline. 

Rumrill,  James  Augustus,  A.B.  1859 Springfield. 

Russell,  Charles  Francis,  D.B.  1884 Weston. 

Russell,  Charles  Rowland,  A.B.  1872       ....  New  York,  N.Y. 

Russell,  Charles  Theodore,  A.B.  1837      ....  Cambridge. 

Russell,  Charles  Theodore,  Jr.,  A.B.  1873    .     .     .  Boston. 

Russell,  Edward  Baldwin,  A.B.  1872 Boston. 

Russell,  Elliott,  A.B.  1848 Boston. 

Russell,  Eugene  Dexter,  A.B.  1880 Wakefield. 

Russell,  Francis  Henry,  A.B.  1853 Brookline. 

Russell,  Henry  Sturgis,  A.B.  1860 Milton. 

Russell,  John,  A.B.  1882 Plymouth. 

Russell,  LeBaron,  A.B.  1832 Boston. 

Russell,  Thomas  Hastings,  A.B.  1843      ....  Boston. 
Russell,    William  Eustis,  A.B.    1877,   Mayor  of 

Cambridge Cambridge. 

SAFFORD,  Nathaniel  Morton,  A.B.  1869  ....  Milton. 

Salisbury,  Edward  Elbridge,  A.M.,  LL.D.,  Ex- 
Professor  of  Arabic  and  Sanskrit  at  Yale  Col- 
lege    New  Haven,  Ct. 

Salisbury,  Henry  Edward,  A.B.  1886 New  York,  N.Y. 

Salisbury,  Stephen,  A.B.  1856 Worcester. 

Saltonstall,  Leverett,  A.B.  1844 Chestnut  Hill. 

Saltonstall,  Richard  Middlecott,  A.B.  1880  .     .     .  Chestnut  Hill. 

Sampson,  Alden,  A.B.  1876 New  York,  N.Y. 

Sampson,  Calvin  Proctor,  A.B.  1874 Charlestown. 

Sampson,  Junius,  A.B.  1871 New  Iberia,  La. 

Sanborn,  Franklin  Benjamin,  A.B.  1855      .     .     .  Concord. 

Sanborn,  Thomas  Parker,  A.B.  1886 Springfield. 

Sanborn,  William  Delano,  A.B.  1871 Winchester. 

Sanderson,  Robert Cambridge. 

Sanford,  Edward  Terry,  A.B.  1885 Knoxville,  Tenn. 

Sanger,  Chester  Franklin,  A.B.  1880 Cambridge. 

Sanger,  George  Partridge,  A.B.  1840 Cambridge. 


368  REGISTRATION. 

Sanger,  George  Partridge,  Jr.,  A. B.  1874    .     .     .  Boston. 

Sanger,  John  White,  A.B.  1870 Cambridge. 

Sanger,  Sabin  Pond,  A.B.  1883 Boston. 

Sargent,  Charles  Sprague,  A.B.  1862 Brookline. 

Sargent,  Dudley  Allen,  Bowdoin,  1875     ....  Cambridge. 

Sargent,  Edwin  Lawrence,  A.B.  1868      ....  Cambridge. 

Sargent,  George  Arnory,  A.B.  1876 Boston. 

Sargent,  John  Osborne,  A.B.  1830 New  York,  N.Y. 

Sargent,  Joseph,  A.B.  1834 Worcester. 

Sargent,  Lucius  Manlius,  A.B.  1870 Boston. 

Saundera,  Charles  Gurley,  A.B.  1867 Boston. 

Saunders,  Charles  Robertson,  A.B.  1884  ....  Cambridge. 

Saunders,  William  Elmer,  A.B.  1871 Cambridge. 

Savage,  Charles  Wesley,  A.B.  1874 Lowell. 

Savage,  Henry  Wilson,  A.B.  1880 Boston. 

Savage,  William  Henry,  Pastor  of  the  First  Con- 
gregational Society  of  Watertown Watertown. 

Savary,  William  Henry,  D.B.  1860 South  Boston. 

Sawin,  Charles  Austin,  A.B.  1885 Cambridge. 

Sawin,  George  William,  A.B.  1884 Cambridge. 

Sawtell,  James  Andrew,  A.B.  1859 Newton. 

Sawyer,  Arthur  Brown,  A.B.  1885 Chelsea. 

Sawyer,  Fred  Leland,  A.B.  1883 Cumberland  Centre,  Me. 

Sawyer,  George  Augustus,  A.B.  1877 Cambridge. 

Sawyer,  George  Carleton,  A.B.  1855 Utica,  N.Y. 

Schofield,  William,  A.B.  1879 Cambridge. 

Schouler,  James,  A.B.  1859 Boston. 

Schurz,  Carl,  LL.D.  1875 New  York,  N.Y. 

Scott,  Henry  Edwards,  A.B.  1881 Middlebury,  Vt. 

Scott,  James  Patterson,  A.B.  1871 Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Scudder,  Samuel  Hubbard,  S.B.  1862 Cambridge. 

Scudder,  Winthrop  Saltonstall,  A.B.  1870    .     .     .  Brookline. 

Seamans,  William  Shepard,  A.B.  1877     ....  New  York,  N.Y. 

Searle,  Arthur,  A.B.  1856 Cambridge. 

Sears,  Edmund  Hamilton,  A.B.  1874 Boston. 

Sears,  Henry  Francis,  A.B.  1883 Boston. 

Sears,  Philip  Howes,  A.B.  1844 Boston. 

Sears,  Richard  Dudley,  A.B.  1883 Boston. 

Seaver,  Edwin  Pliny,  A.B.  1864 Newton  Highlands. 

Sedgwick,  Henry  Dwight,  A.B.  1843 New  York,  N.Y. 

Sewall,  Samuel  Edmund,  A.B.  1817 Melrose. 

Seward,  Josiah  Lafayette,  A.B.  1868 Lowell. 

Sexton,  Lawrence  Eugene,  A.B.  1884      ....  New  York,  N.Y. 

Shackford,  Charles  Chauncy,  A.B.  1835  .     .     .     .  Brookline. 

Shaler,  Nathaniel  Southgate,  S.B.  1862   ....  Cambridge. 

Sharpies,  Stephen  Paschall,  S.B.  1866      ....  Cambridge. 

Shattuck,  Frederick  Cheever,  A.B.  1868  ....  Boston. 

Shattuck,  George  Brune,  A.B.  1863 Boston. 

Shattuck,  George  Cheyne,  A.B.  1831 Boston. 


REGISTRATION.  369 

Shattuck,  George  Otis,  A.B.  1851 Boston. 

Shaw,  Francis,  A.B.  1875 New  Braintree. 

Shaw,  George  Shattuck,  A.B.  1849 Cambridge. 

Shaw,  Harry  Clay,  A.B.  1884 Rockland. 

Shaw,  Samuel  Savage,  A.B.  1853 Boston. 

Shea,  Daniel  William,  A.B.  1886 Greenland,  N.H. 

Sheafe,  William,  A.B.  1879 Boston. 

Sheldon,  Edward  Stevens,  A.B.  1872       ....  Cambridge. 

Shepard,  Harvey  Newton,  A.B.  1871 Boston. 

Shepard,  Luther  Dimmick,  D.M.D.  1879     .     .     .  Dorchester. 

Sherburne,  Edward  Child,  A.B.  1872       ....  Boston. 

Sherman,  Thomas  Foster,  A.B.  1877       ....  Boston. 

Sherwin,  Thomas,  A.B.  1860 Jamaica  Plain. 

Shorey,  George  Langdon,  A.B.  1873 Lynn. 

Shurtleff,  Hiram  Smith,  A.B.  1861 Dorchester. 

Shute,  Charles  Bailey,  A.B.  1865 Maiden. 

Silsbee,  Arthur  Boardman,  A.B.  1875      ....  Boston. 

Silsbee,  Nathaniel  Devereux,  A.B.  1852  ....  Cohasset. 

Silsbee,  William,  A.B.  1832 Trenton,  N.Y. 

Sim,  Arthur  Wesley,  A.B.  1885 Salem. 

Simes,  Robert  Fields,  A.B.  1885 Portsmouth,  N.H. 

Simmons,  John  Franklin,  A.B.  1873 Abington. 

Simmons,  Walter  Willard,  A.B.  1886 Allston. 

Simpkins,  John,  A.B.  1885 Yarmouth  Port. 

Simpson,  Frank  Ernest,  A.B.  1879 Boston. 

Sinclair,  Albert  Thomas,  A.B.  1864 Boston. 

Sinclair,  Alexander  Doull,  M.D.  1857 Boston. 

Siunott,  Joseph  Edward,  A.B.  1886 Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Skillings,  William  Edward,  A.B.  1866     ....  Bethel,  Me. 

Slack,  William  Dudley,  A.B.  1854 Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Slade,  Daniel  Denison,  A.B.  1844 Chestnut  Hill. 

Slade,  James  Fulton,  A.B.  1878 New  York,  N.Y. 

Slade,  Marshall  Perry,  A.B.  1881 New  York,  N.Y. 

Slater,  William  Strutt,  A.B.  1854 Webster. 

Sleeper,  Frank  Henry,  A.B.  1876 West  Newton. 

Slocum,  William  Henry,  Jr.,  A.B.  1886   ....  Jamaica  Plain. 

Smith,  Charles  Gilman,  A.B.  1847 Chicago,  111. 

Smith,  Clement  Lawrence,  A.B.  1863      ....  Cambridge. 

Smith,  Edward  Irving,  A.B.  1885 Lincoln. 

Smith,  Edward  Sutton,  A.B.  1853 Boston. 

Smith,  Ernest  Charles,  D.B.  Bowdoin,  1884  .     .     .  Cambridge. 

Smith,  Frank  Warren,  A.B.  1886        Dorchester. 

Smith,  Frank  Webster,  A.B.  1877 Westfield. 

Smith,  Frederick  Mears,  A.B.  1880 Cambridge. 

Smith,  Frederic  Warren,  A.B.  1879 Cambridge. 

Smith,  George  Williamson,  D.D.  President  of  Trin- 
ity College Hartford,  Ct. 

Smith,  Hamilton  Irving,  A.B.  1875 East  Boston. 

Smith,  Henry  Augustus,  LL.B.  1871 Roxbury. 

24 


370  REGISTRATION. 

Smith,  Henry  St.  John,  A.B.  1872 Portland,  Me. 

Smith,  Herbert  Massey,  M.D.V.  1886      ....  Haverhill. 

Smith,  James  Beebe,  A.B.  1883 Springfield. 

Smith,  Jeremiah,  A.B.  1S66 Dover,  N.H. 

Smith,  Jonathan  Jason,  M.D.  1879       .....  Boston. 

Smith,  Nathaniel  Stevens,  A.B.  1869       ....  New  York,  N.Y. 

Smith,  Ormond  Gerald,  A.B.  1883 New  York,  N.Y. 

Smith,  Robert  Dickson,  A.B.  1857 Boston. 

Smith,  Robert  Dickson  Weston,  A.B.  1886  .     .     .  Boston. 

Smith,  Samuel  Francis,  A.B.  1829 Newton  Centre. 

Smith,  Theophilus  Gilman,  A.B.  1871     ....  Cambridge. 

Smith,  Walter  Bugbee,  A.B.  1870       Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Smith,  Walter  Edward  Clifton,  A.B.  1883   .     .     .  Boston. 

Smith,  Willard  Everett,  A.B.  1879 Boston. 

Smith,  William  Christopher,  A.B.  1885  ....  Chatham. 

Smith,  William  Henry  Leland,  LL.B.  1848      .     .  Boston. 

Smith,  William  Lord,  A.B.  1886 Boston. 

Smith,  William  Wharton,  A.B.  1885 Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Smyth,  Egbert  Coffin,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Ecclesi- 
astical History  in  Andover  Theological  Semi- 
nary    Andover. 

Snell,  Arthur  Lincoln,  A.B.  1886 Lawrence. 

Snow,  Charles  Armstrong,  A.B.  1882 Boston. 

Snow,  George  Andrew,  A.B.  1885 Cambridge. 

Snow,  Herman,  D.B.  1843 Cambridgeport. 

Somerby,  Samuel  Ellsworth,  A.B.  1879    ....  South  Framingham. 

Somers,  George  Burbank,  A.B.  1886 San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Soren,  George  Wales,  A.B.  1854 New  York,  N.Y. 

Soule,  Charles  Carroll,  A.B.  1862 Brookline. 

Southworth,  Robert  Alexander,  A.B.  1874  .     .     .  Charlestown. 

Sowdon,  Arthur  John  Clark,  A.B.  1857  .     .     .     .  Boston. 

Spalding,  George  Frederick,  A.B.  1882    ....  Brookline. 

Sparhawk,  Clement  Willis,  M.D.  1884     ....  West  Roxbury. 

Sparhawk,  Edward  Epps,  A.B.  1878 Roxbury. 

Spaulding,  Henry  George,  A.B.  1860 Newton. 

Spaulding,  John,  LL.B.  1850 Boston. 

Spelman,  Henry  Munson,  A.B.  1884 Cambridge. 

Spelman,  Israel  Munson,  A.B.  1836 Cambridge. 

Spooner,  John  Winthrop,  A.B.  1867 Hingham. 

Sprague,  Charles  Franklin,  A.B.  1879     ....  Boston. 

Sprague,  Edward  Everett,  A.B.  1868 New  York,  N.Y. 

Sprague,  Henry  Harrison,  A.B.  1864 Boston. 

Sprague,  Richard,  A.B.  1881 Boston. 

Sproat,  James  Grossman,  A.B.  1871 Taunton. 

Spuller,  Eugene,  A.B.  1857,  Dijon,  Member  of  the 

French  Chamber  of  Deputies Paris,  France. 

Squire,  John  Adams,  A.B.  1884 Arlington. 

Stackpole,  Frederick  Dabney,  A.B.  1873  ....  Boston. 

Stackpole,  Joseph  Lewis,  A.B.  1857 Boston. 


REGISTRATION.  371 

Stacy,  Melville,  A.B.  1867 Somerville. 

Staudish,  Myles,  M.D.  1879 Boston. 

Stanton,  Benjamin  Irving,  LL.B.  18S1    ....  Albany,  N.Y. 

Stanton,  Jere  Edmund,  D.M.D.  1884       ....  Boston. 

Stanton,  Nathaniel  Greene,  M.D.  1866      ....  Newport,  R.I. 

Starbuck,  Henry  Pease,  A.B.  1871 New  York,  N.Y. 

Starr,  Benjamin  Charles,  A.B.  1877 Cleveland,  O. 

Stearns,  Charles  Onslow,  A.B.  1867 Boston. 

Steams,  Elijah  Wyman,  A.B.  1838 Bedford. 

Stearns,  George  Andrew,  Jr.  A.B.  1881   ....  Worcester. 

Stearns,  George  Hermon,  A.B.  1878 Mansfield. 

Stebbius,  James  Hervey,  S.B.  1878 New  York,  N.Y. 

Stebbins,  Richard,  A.B.  1846 Omaha,  Neb. 

Stebbins,  Roderick,  A.B.  1881 Milton. 

Stedman,  Charles  Ellery,  A.B.  1852 Dorchester. 

Stetson,  Edward,  A.B.  1876 Bangor,  Me. 

Stetson,  Eliot  Dawes,  A.B.  1882 New  Bedford. 

Stevens,  Charles  Herbert,  A.B.  1882 Cambridge. 

Stevens,  Charles  Wistar,  A.B.  1860 Charlestown. 

Stevens,  Daniel  Waldo,  A.B.  1846 Vineyard  Haven. 

Stevens,  Edmund  Horace,  M.D.  1867 Cambridge. 

Stevens,  Edward  Knights,  A.B.  1882 Newport,  R.I. 

Stevens,  George  Blanchard,  A.B.  1886     ....  Gloucester. 

Stevens,  Henry  James,  A.B.  1857 North  Andover. 

Stevens,  William  Stanford,  A.B.  1880      ....  Boston. 

Stewart,  George  Andrew,  A.B.  1884 South  Boston. 

Stewart,  Samuel  Barrett,  D.B.  1862 Lynn. 

Stimson,  Frederic  Jesup,  A.B.  1876 New  York,  N.Y. 

Stockbridge,  John  Calvin,  D.D.  1859 Providence,  R.I. 

Stocker,  Alfred  Augustus,  M.D.  1852       ....  Cambridge. 

Stoddard,  Francis  Russell,  A.B.  1866 Boston. 

Stoddard,  William  Prescott,  A.B.  1866    ....  Plymouth. 

Stone,  Arthur  Kingsbury,  A.B.  1883 Framingham. 

Stone,  Charles  Wellington,  A.B.  1874      ....  Boston. 

Stone,  Eben  Francis,  A.B.  1843 Newburyport. 

Stone,  Edwin  Palmer,  A.B.  1874 Boston. 

Stone,  Henry,  D.B.  1860 South  Boston. 

Stone,  Lincoln  Ripley,  M.D.  1854 Newton. 

Stone,  Livingston,  A.B.  1857 Charlestown,  N.H. 

Stone,  Philip  Sidney,  A.B.  1872 Cambridge. 

Stone,  Ralph,  A.B.  1872 Buffalo,  N.Y. 

Stone,  Richard,  A.B.  1861 Boston. 

Stone,  William  Abbott,  A.B.  1886       .     .     .     .     .  Cambridge. 

Storer,  John  Humphreys,  A.B.  1882 Boston. 

Storer,  Malcolm,  A.B.  1885 Newport,  R.I. 

Storrow,  Charles,  A.B.  1861 Brookline. 

Storrow,  Charles  Storer,  A.B.  1829 Boston. 

Storrow,  James  Jackson,  Jr.,  A.B.  1885  ....  Boston. 

Stowell,  George  Leverett,  A.B.  1871 Portsmouth,  N.H. 


372  REGISTRATION. 

Stratton,  Charles  Edwin,  A.B.  1866 Boston. 

Strong,  Charles  Pratt,  A.B.  1876 Boston. 

Stuart,  Frederic  William,  A.B.  1881 South  Boston. 

Studley,  John  Butler,  A.B.  1881 Concord. 

Sturgis,  Richard  Clipston,  A.B.  1881 Boston. 

Sturgis,  Roger  Faxton,  A.B.  1884 Boston. 

Sturgis,  William  Codman,  A.B.  1884 Brookliue. 

Sullivan,  Cornelius  Patrick,  LL.B.  1885  ....  Boston. 

Sullivan,  Jeremiah  Henry,  LL.B.  1872     ....  Cambridge. 

Sullivan,  William,  A.B.  1878 Boston. 

Sullivan,  William  Dunning,  A.B.  1883     ....  Somerville. 

Sumner,  Allen  Melancthon,  S.B.  1865      ....  Boston. 

Suter,  Hales  Wallace,  A.B.  1850 Boston. 

Suter,  John  Wallace,  A.B.  1881 Winchester. 

Sutro,  Theodore,  A.B.  1871 New  York,  N.Y. 

Sutton,  Eben,  Jr.,  A.B.  1885 North  Andover. 

Swaim,  Joseph  Skinner,  A.B.  1873 Providence,  R.I. 

Swan,  Charles  Herbert,  A.B.  1870 Boston. 

Swan,  William  Willard,  A.B.  1859 Brookline. 

Swayze,  Francis  Joseph,  A.B.  1879 Newton,  N.J. 

Swift,  Lindsay,  A.B.  1877 West  Roxbury. 

Swift,  Robert,  S.B.  1881 Boston. 

Swift,  William  Nye,  A.B.  1877 New  Bedford. 

Swinburne,  George  Knowles,  A.B.  1881  ....  New  York,  N.Y. 

Swinscoe,  Henry  Kirkland,  A.B.  1885     ....  Clinton. 

Sylvester,  William  Henry,  A.B.  1879 Newtonville. 

TAFT,  Charles  Hutchins,  A.B.  1881 Cambridge. 

Taft,  Stephen  Swift,  A.B.  1870 Palmer. 

Tallmadge,  Hiram  Ewers,  A.B.  1854 New  York,  N.Y. 

Tappan,  Lewis  William,  A.B.  1860     .....  Milton. 

Tarbell,  George  Grosvenor,  A.B.  1862      ....  Boston. 

Tarbell,  John  Parker,  A.B.  1828 Boston. 

Taussig,  Frank  William,  A.B.  1879 Cambridge. 

Taylor,  Arthur,  A.B.  1880 Boston. 

Taylor,  Charles,  D.D.,  Master  of  St.  John's  College, 

Cambridge,  England Cambridge,  Eng. 

Taylor,  Edward  Randolph,  S.B.  1868 Cleveland,  O. 

Taylor,  Frank  Hendrickson,  A.B.  1877     ....  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Taylor,  Frederic  Weston,  A.B.  1878 North  Cambridge. 

Taylor,  James  Brainerd,  A.B.  1867 Newton. 

Taylor,  John  Bunker,  M.D.  1847 East  Cambridge. 

Taylor,  John  Doe,  A.B.  1849 New  York,  N.Y. 

Taylor,  Nelson,  Jr.,  A.B.  1875 South  Norwalk,  Ct. 

Taylor,  Percy  Hayes,  A.B.  1886 Cambridge. 

Temple,  Frederick  Henry,  A.B.  1879 Charlestown. 

Thacher,  Thomas  Chandler,  A.B.  1882    ....  Boston. 

Thayer,  Albert  Smith,  A.B.  1875 New  York,  N.Y. 

Thayer,  Charles  French,  A.B.  1846 Boston. 


REGISTRATION.  373 

Tbayer,  James  Bradley,  A.B.  1852 Cambridge. 

Thayer,  John  Eliot,  A.B.  1885 Lancaster. 

Thayer,  Joseph  Henry,  A.B.  1850 Cambridge. 

Thayer,  Nathaniel,  A.B.  1871 Boston. 

Thayer,  Nathaniel  Niles,  A.B.  1878 Boston. 

Thayer,  William  Sydney,  A.B.  1885 Cambridge. 

Thissell,  Joseph  Abbott,  M.D.  1885 Beverly. 

Thomas,  Flavel  Shurtleff,  M.D.  1874 Hanson. 

Thomas,  James  Bourne  Freeman,  A.B.  I860     .     .  Boston. 

Thomas,  James  Eames,  A.B.  1879 Rockland. 

Thomas,  Theodore New  York,  N.Y. 

Thomas,  Washington  Butcher,  A.B.  1879     .     .     .  Boston. 

Thompson,  Albert  Harris,  A.B.  1873 Boston. 

Thompson,  Charles  Miner,  A.B.  1886      ....  Burlington,  Vt. 

Thompson,  John  McQuaid,  A.B.  1886     ....  Boston. 

Thompson,  Lucian  Bisbee,  LL.B.  1867    ....  Boston. 

Thorndike,  Albert,  A.B.  1881 Cambridge. 

Thorndike,  Augustus,  A.B.  1884 Brookline. 

Thorndike,  Charles,  A.B.  1854 Brookline. 

Thorndike,  George  Quincy,  A.B.  1847     ....  Boston. 

Thorndike,  Samuel  Lothrop,  A.B.  1852    ....  Cambridge. 

Thorp,  Joseph  Gilbert,  Jr.,  A.B.  1879      ....  Cambridge. 

Thurber,  James  Danforth,  A.B.  1858 Plymouth. 

Thurlow,  John  Howard,  M.D.  1881 Roxbury. 

Tickuor,  Benjamin  Holt,  A.B.  1862 Boston. 

Ticknor,  Howard  Malcom,  A.B.  1856  .....  Jamaica  Plain. 

Tiffany,  Francis,  A.B.  1847 West  Newton. 

Tiffany,  Francis  Buchanan,  A.B.  1877     .    -    .     .  Boston. 

Tiffany,  William  Shaw,  A.B.  1845 Roxbury. 

Tileston,  John  Boies,  A.B.  1855 Brookline. 

Tillinghast,  William  Hopkins,  A.B.  1877     .     .     .  Cambridge. 

Tilton,  Edward  James,  A.B.  1885       Andover. 

Tomkins,  Floyd  Williams,  Jr.,  A.B.  1872    .     .     .  New  York,  N.Y. 

Tomlinson,  George  Samuel,  A.B.  1863     .     .     .     .«  Roxbury. 

Toppan,  Robert  Noxon,  A.B.  1858 Cambridge. 

Torrey,  Henry  Warren,  A.B.  1833 Cambridge. 

Tower,  Augustus  Clifford,  A.B.  1877 New  York,  N.Y. ' 

Tower,  Benjamin  Lowell  Merrill,  A.B.  1869     .     .  Boston. 

Towne,  Trueman  Benjamin,  LL.B.  1870      .      .     .  Boston. 

Townsend,  Charles  Wendell,  A.B.  1881  ....  Boston. 

Townsend,  Edward  Mitchell,  Jr.,  A.B.  1884     .     .  New  York,  N.Y. 

Townsend,  Howard,  A.B.  1S80 New  York,  N.Y. 

Townsend,  Stephen  Van  Rensselaer,  A.B.  1882     .  New  York,  N.Y. 
Toy,  Crawford  Howell,  A.B.,  University  of  Virginia, 

1856 Cambridge. 

Trask,  Jabez  Nelson,  A.B.  1862 New  Salem. 

Trask,  William  Ropes,  A.B.  1885 Cambridge. 

Treat,  John  Harvey,  A.B.  1862 Lawrence. 

Treat,  Samuel,  A.B.  1837 St.  Louis,  Mo. 


374  REGISTRATION. 

Trowbridge,  John,  S.B.  1866 Cambridge. 

Tubbs,  Alfred  Stewart,  A.B.  1879 San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Tuck,  Henry,  A.B.  1863 New  York,  N.Y. 

Tucker,  Alanson,  A.B.  1872   ...» Boston. 

Tucker,  William  Lawrence,  A.B.  1865     ....  Boston. 

Tuckerman,  Gustavus,  A.B.  1882 Plymouth. 

Tuckerman,  Leverett  Saltonstall,  A.B.  1868     .     .  Salem. 

Tudor,  Frederic,  A.B.  1867 Boston. 

Tufts,  James  Arthur,  A.B.  1878 Exeter,  N.H. 

Turner,  Samuel  Epes,  A.B.  1869 Cambridge. 

Turpin,  Bradford  Strong,  A.B.  1880 Dorchester. 

Tuttle,  William  Henry  Harrison,  LL.B.  1877  .     .  Arlington. 

Tweed,  Benjamin  Franklin,  A.M.  1853  ....  Cambridgeport. 

Twombly,  William  Lance  Dow,  A.B.  1877  .     .     .  Watertowu. 

Tyler,  John  Ford,  A.B.  1877 Boston. 

Tyler,  William  Seymour,  D.D.,  1857,  Professor  of 

Greek  in  Amherst  College Amherst. 

UNDERWOOD,  Henry  Oliver,  A.B.  1879    ....  Belmont. 

Underwood,  Melvin  Augustus,  A.B.  1866     .     .     .  Dorchester. 

Underwood,  William  Orison,  A.B.  1884   ....  Boston. 

Upham,  Henry  Lauriston,  D.M.D.  1886  ....  Boston. 

Upham,  William  Phineas,  A.B.  1856 Salem. 

Upton,  George  Bruce,  A.B.  1849 Boston. 

VAN  BRUNT,  Henry,  A.B.  1854 Cambridge. 

Van  Cleef,  Frank  Louis,  A.B.  1885 Wellington,  O. 

Van  Duzer,  Henry  Sayre,  A.B.  1875 New  York,  N.Y. 

Van  Nest,  George  Willett,  A.B.  1874 New  York,  N.Y. 

Van  Rennselaer,  William  Bayard,  A.B.  1879   .     .  Albany,  N.Y. 

Van  Slyck,  Cyrus  Manchester,  LL.B.  1878  .     .     .  Providence,  R.I. 

Vaughan,  Charles  Everett,  A.B.  1856       ....  Cambridge. 

Vaughau,  Francis  Wales,  A.B.  1853 Cambridge. 

Vaughan,  William  Warren,  A.  B.  1870    ....  Boston. 

Vaughn,  John,  A.B.  1879 New  York,  N.Y. 

Viaux,  Frederic  Henry,  A.B.  1870 Boston. 

Vickery,  Herman  Frank,  A.B.  1878 Boston. 

Vinson,  Cornelius  Marchant,  A.B.  1839  ....  Boston. 

Vinton,  Charles  Henry,  A.B.  1878 Boston. 

WADE,  W7inthrop  Rowland,  A.B.  1881     ....  Boston. 

Wadsworth,  Alexander  Fail-field,  A.B.  1860     .     .  Boston. 

Wadsworth,  Charles  David,  A.B.  1867      ....  New  York,  N.Y. 

Wadsworth,  Hiram  Warren,  A.B.  1885   ....  Cambridge. 

Wadsworth,  Oliver  Fail-field,  A.B.  1860  ....  Boston. 

Wagar,  Mars  Edward,  A.B.  1881 Cleveland,  O. 

Wait,  William  Gushing,  A.B.  1882 Medford. 

Waitt,  Joseph  Ellsworth,  D.M.D.  1883    ....  Roxbury. 

Wakefield,  John  Lathrop,  A.B.  1880 Dedham. 

Walcott,  Charles  Folsom,  A.B.  1857 Cambridge. 


REGISTRATION.  375 

Walcott,  Charles  Hosmer,  A.B.  1870 Concord. 

Walcott,  Henry  Pickering,  A.B.  1858 Cambridge. 

Waldo,  Leonard,  S.D.  1879 New  Haven,  Ct. 

Waldock,  James,  A.B.  1845 Roxbury. 

Wales,  Benjamin  Read,  A.B.  1863 Dorchester. 

Wales,  Joseph  Howe,  A.B.  1861 Brookline. 

Walker,  George,  A.B.  1844 Portland,  Me. 

Walker,  Grant,  A.B.  1873 Boston. 

Walker,  Henry,  A.B.  1855 Boston. 

Walker,  James  Putnam,  A.B.  1861 Bangor,  Me. 

Walker,  John  Baldwin,  A.B.  1884 Boston. 

Wallace,  Herbert  Ingalls,  A.B.  1877 Fitchburg. 

WTard,  David  Henshaw,  A.B.  1853 Oakland,  Cal. 

Ware,  Charles,  A.B.  1880 New  York,  N.Y. 

Ware,  Charles  Eliot,  A.B.  1834 Boston. 

Ware,  Charles  Eliot,  Jr.,  A.B.  1876 Fitchburg. 

Ware,  Charles  Pickard,  A.B.  1862 Brookline. 

Ware,  Darwin  Erastus,  A.B.  1852 Boston. 

Ware,  George  Washington,  Jr.,  LL.B.  1861     .     .  Boston. 

Ware,  Horace  Everett,  A.B.  1867 Milton. 

Ware,  Loammi  Goodenow,  A.B.  1850      ....  Burlington,  Vt. 

Ware,  Thornton  Kirkland,  A.B.  1842      ....  Fitchburg. 

Ware,  William  Robert,  A.B.  1852 New  York,  N.Y. 

Waring,  William  Henry,  A.B.  1852 Brooklyn,  N.Y. 

Warner,  Henry  Eldridge,  A.B.  1882 Cambridge. 

Warner,  Joseph  Bangs,  A.B.  1869 Cambridge. 

Warner,  William  Pearson,  A.B.  1874      ....  Cambridge. 

Warren,  Charles  Everett,  A.B.  1880 Boston. 

Warren,  Fiske,  A.B.  1884 Boston. 

Warren,  John  Collins,  A.B.  1863 Boston. 

Warren,  Joseph  Weatherhead,  A.B.  1871     .     .     .  Boston. 

Warren,  Winslow,  A.B.  1858 Dedham. 

Warren,  William  Ross,  A.B.  1883 New  York,  N.Y. 

Washburn,  Alexander  Calvin,  A.B.  1839      .     .     .  Norwood. 

Washburn,  Alfred  Foster,  A.B.  1873 Cambridge. 

Washburn,  Andrew,  A.B.  1852 Hyde  Park. 

Washburn,  Charles  Grenfill,  A.B.  1880    ....  Worcester. 

Washburn,  Frank  Booth,  A.B.  1881 Boston. 

Washburn,  John  Bell,  A.B.  1886 Plymouth. 

Washburn,  John  Davis,  A  B.  1853 Worcester. 

Washburn,  Philip  Moen,  A.B.  1882 Worcester. 

Waterhouse,  Frank  Shepard,  LL.B.  1876     .     .     .  Portland,  Me. 

Waterman,  Thomas,  A.B.  1864 Boston. 

Waters,  Henry  Fitz-Gilbert,  A.B.  1855   ....  Salem. 

Waters,  Thomas  Franklin,  A.B.  1872      ....  Ipswich. 

Watson,  Benjamin  Marston,  A.B.  1839    ....  Plymouth. 

Watson,  Robert  Clifford,  A.B.  1869 Milton. 

Watson,  William,  S.B.  1857 Boston. 

Weaver,  Gerrit  Elias  Hambleton,  A.B.  1884     .     .  Cambridge. 

Webb,  John  Sidney,  A.B.  1882 Washington,  D.C. 


376  REGISTRATION. 

Webb,  Nathan,  A.B.  1846 Portland,  Me. 

Webber,  Alonzo  Carter,  M.D.  1849 Cambridge. 

Webster,  Hollis,  A.B.  1884 Dorchester. 

Webster,  Joseph  Rowe,  A.B.  1854 Dorchester. 

Weed,  George  Marston,  A.B.  1886 Newton. 

Weed,  George  Standish,  A.B.  1886 Plattsburgh,  N.Y. 

Weld,  Aaron  Davis,  Jr.,  A.B.  1853 Boston. 

Weld,  Charles  Stuart  Faucheraud,  A.B.  1863    .     .  Hyde  Park. 

Weld,  Christopher  Minot,  A.B.  1880 Boston. 

Weld,  Francis  Minot,  A.B.  1860 New  York,  N.Y. 

Weld,  George  Walker,  A.B.  1860 Boston. 

Weld,  James  Edward,  A.B.  1882 New  York,  N.Y. 

Welling,  Richard  Ward  Greene,  A.B.  1880  .     .     .  New  York,  N.Y. 

Wellington,  James  Lloyd,  A.B.  1838 Swansea. 

Wellington,  William  Williamson,  A.B.  1832    .     .  Cambridgeport. 

Wells,  Benjamin  Williams,  A.B.  1884      ....  Boston. 

Wells,  Charles  Luke,  A.B.  1879 Gardiner,  Me. 

Wells,  Frank,  A.B.  1864 Brookline. 

Wells,  James  Lee,  M.D.  1883      .     .' Boston. 

Wells,  John  Doane,  A.B.  1854 Cambridge. 

Wells,  Stiles  Gannett,  A.B.  1886 Boston. 

Wendell,  Barrett,  A.B.  1877 "Boston. 

Wendell,  Evert  Jansen,  A.B.  1882 New  York,  N.Y. 

Wendell,  Frank  Thaxter,  A.B.  1874 Boston. 

Wentworth,  Alonzo  Bond,  LL.B.  1863      ....  Dedham. 

Wentworth,  Elmer  Ellsworth,  A.B.  1882      .     .     .  Chelsea. 

Wentworth,  George  Albert,  A.B.  1858     ....  Exeter,  N.H. 

Wentworth,  Samuel  Hidden,  A.B.  1858       .     .     .  Boston. 

Wenzell,  Henry  Burleigh,  A.B.  1875 St.  Paul,  Minn. 

Wesselhoeft,  William  Fessenden,  A.B.  1884     .     .  Boston. 

West,  Benjamin  Hussey,  A.B.  1835 Neponset. 

West,  Edward  Graeff,  A.B.  1877 Roxbury. 

Weston,  Melville  Moore,  A.B.  1870 Boston. 

Wetherbee,  Albion  Otis,  A.B.  1885 Charlestown. 

Wetherbee,  Roswell,  M.D.  1882 Cambridgeport. 

Wetrnore,  Edmund,  A.B.  1860 New  York,  N.Y. 

Wharton,  William  Fisher,  A.B.  1870 Boston. 

Wheatland,  George,  A.B.  1824 Salem. 

Wheatland,  Henry,  A.B.  1832 Salem. 

Wheeler,  Frank  Sumner,  A.B.  1872 Chicago,  I1L 

Wheeler,  Henry,  A.B.  1878 Boston. 

Wheeler,  Henry  Nathan,  A.B.  1871 Cambridge. 

Wheeler,  Horace  Leslie,  A.B.  1881 Newton  Centre. 

Wheeler,  Increase  Sumner,  A.B.  1826 Framingham. 

Wheeler,  Jesse  Franklin,  A.B.  1868 Boston. 

Wheeler,  John  Henry,  A.B.  1871    ....   University  of  Virginia,  Va. 

Wheeler,  Leonard,  A.B.  1866 Worcester. 

Wheelock,  George  Rogers,  A.B.  1873 Boston. 

Wheelwright,  Andrew  Cunningham,  A.B.  1847     .  Brookline. 

Wheelwright,  Charles  Chapin,  A.B.  1885     .    .    .  Roxbury. 


REGISTRATION.  377 

Wheelwright,  Edmund  March,  A.B.  1876     .     .     .  Jamaica  Plain. 

Wheelwright,  John  Tyler,  A.B.  1876 Boston. 

Wheelwright,  Josiah,  A.B.  1843 Boston. 

Whiston,  Edward  Andem,  M.D.  1861       ....  Newtonville. 

White,  Charles  Joyce,  A.B.  1859 Cambridge. 

White,  Franklin  Davis,  A.B.  1880 Milton. 

\Vhite,  George  Rantoul,  A.B.  1886 Wellesley  Hills. 

White,  George  Warner,  A.B.  1874 Boston. 

White,  James  Clarke,  A.B.  1853 Boston. 

White,  John  Allison,    A.B.  1884 Williamsport,  Pa. 

White,  John  Silas,  A.B.  1870 New  York,  N.Y. 

White,  John  Williams,  Ph.D.  1877 Cambridge. 

White,  McDonald  Ellis,  A.B.  1885 Boston. 

White,  Moses  Perkins,  A.B.  1872 Cambridge. 

White,  William  Augustus,  A.B.  1863 New  York,  N.Y. 

White,  William  Howard,  A.B.  1880 Brookline. 

White,  William  Orne,  A.B.  1840 Brookline. 

Whitehouse,  Edward  Lawrence,  A.B.  1874  .     .     .  Augusta,  Me. 

Whiteside,  Julian  Lincoln,  A.B.  1885       ....  Lowell. 

Whiting,  Charles  Hoover,  A.B.  1879 Boston. 

Whiting,  Frederick  Erwin,  A.B.  1880      ....  Aubumdale. 

Whiting,  Harold,  A.B.  1877 Cambridge. 

Whiting,  Isaac  Spalding,  A.B.  1882 Lexington. 

Whiting,  John  Eaton,  A.B.  1862 Boston. 

Whitman,  Crosby  Church,  A.B.  1886 Cambridge. 

Whitman,  Edmund  Allen,  A.B.  1881 Cambridge. 

Whitman,  George  Luther,  A.B.  1857 New  York,  N.Y. 

Whitney,  Charles  Leavitt  Beals,  A.B.  1871  .     .     .  Brookline. 

Whitney,  David  Rice,  A.B.  1848 Boston. 

Whitney,  Edson  Leone,  A.B.  1885 Boston. 

Whitney,  Henry  Austin,  A.B.  1846 Blue  Hill. 

Whitney,  Joseph  Cutler,  A.B.  1878 Milton. 

Whitney,  Hon.  William  Collins,  Secretary  of  the 

Navy Washington,  D.C. 

Whitney,  William  Fiske,  A.B.  1871 Boston. 

Whittemore,  Charles  Alexander,  A.B.  1885      .     .  Cambridgeport. 

Whittemore,  Fred  Webster,  M.D.  1878   ....  Cambridgeport. 

Whittemore,  George  Henry,  A.B.  1860    ....  Cambridge. 

Whittemore,  John  Marshall,  A.B.  1866   ....  Cambridge. 

Whittier,  Charles  Albert,  A.B.  1860 Boston. 

Whittier,  Edward  Newton,  M.D.  1869     ....  Boston. 

Whitwell,  Frederick  Silsbee,  A.B.  1884   ....  Boston. 

Wigglesworth,  Edward,  A.B.  1861 Boston. 

Wigglesworth,  George,  A.B.  1874 Boston. 

Wight,  Daniel,  A.B.  1837 Natick. 

Wigmore,  John  Henry,  A.B.  1883 San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Wilbur,  Hubert  Granville,  A.B.  1886 Fall  River. 

Wilbur,  Joshua  Green,  M.D.  1862 Brooklyn,  N.Y. 

Wilder,  Enos,  A.B.  1865 Madison,  N.J. 

Wilds,  Judson  Boardman,  A.B.  1871 New  York,  N.Y. 


378  REGISTRATION. 

Wilkinson,  Alfred,  A.B.  1880 Syracuse,  N.Y. 

Willard,  Joseph,  A.B.  1855 Boston. 

Willard,  Robert,  A.B.  1860 Boston. 

Williams,  Charles  Herbert,  A.B.  1871      ....  Boston. 

Williams,  David  Weld,  A.B.  1873 Boston. 

Williams,  Francis  Charles,  A.B.  1813      ....  Roxbury. 

Williams,  Francis  Henry,  M.D.  1877 Boston. 

Williams,  Francis  Smith,  A.B.  1881 New  York,  N.Y. 

Williams,  Francis  Stanton,  A.B.  1837      ....  Boston. 

Williams,  George  Henry,  A.B.  1881 Boston. 

Williams,  Henry,  A.B.  1837 Boston. 

Williams,  Henry  Bigelow,  A.B.  1865  .....  Boston. 

Williams,  Henry  Jules,  A.B.  1884 Boston. 

Williams,  Henry  Morland,  A.B.  1885      ....  Boston. 

Williams,  Henry  Willard,  M.D.  1849 Boston. 

Williams,  John  Bertram,  A.B.  1877 Cambridge. 

Williams,  John  Davis.  A.B.  1866 Boston. 

Williams,  Otho  Holland,  Jr.,  A.B.  1880  ....  Baltimore,  Md. 

Williams,  Pelham,  A.B.  1853 Troy,  N.Y. 

Williams,  Rufus  Phillips,  A.M.  1873 Boston. 

Williams,  Sydney  Augustus,  A.B.  1858    ....  Boston. 

Williams,  Theodore  Chickering,  A.B.  1876  .     .     .  New  York,  N.Y. 

Williams,  William  Hall,  A.B.  1883 Wakefield. 

Williamson,  William  Cross,  A.B.  1852     ....  Boston. 

Williston,  Samuel,  A.B.  1882 Cambridge. 

Willson,  Edmund  Russell,  A.B.  1875 Providence,  R.I. 

Willson,  Robert  Wheeler,  A.B.  1873 Cambridge. 

Willson,  Samuel  Stearns,  LL.B.  1865      ....  Dedham. 

Wilson,  Charles,  D.M.D.  1870 Boston. 

Wilson,  Charles  Abbot,  A.B.  1886 Washington,  D.C. 

Wilson,  Daniel  Munro,  D.B.  1872 Quincy. 

Wilson,  Frank,  LL.B.  1878 Sanford,  Me. 

Wilson,  John  Brainerd,  A.B.  1884 Peabody. 

Wilson,  John  Thomas,  LL.B.  1863 Winchester. 

Winkley,  Henry  William,  A.B.  1881 St.  Stephen,  N.B. 

Winlock,  George  Lane,  A.B.  1885 Cambi-idge. 

Winlock,  William  Crawford,  A.B.  1880  ....  Washington,  D.C. 

Winn,  William  Adams,  A.B.  1872 Arlington. 

Winslow,  John,  LL.B.  1852 Brooklyn,  N.Y. 

Winslow,  Kenelm,  S.B.  1883 Jamaica  Plain. 

Winslow,  Samuel  Ellsworth,  A.B.  1885    ....  Worcester. 

Winslow,  William  Warren,  A.B.  1885     ....  Punxsutawney,  Pa. 

Winslow,  Winthrop  Church,  A.B.  1883  ....  Boston. 

Winsor,  Frederick,  A.B.  1851 Winchester. 

Winsor,  Justin,  A.B.  1853 Cambridge. 

Winsor,  Robert,  A.B.  1880 Weston. 

Winsor,  Walter  Thaxter,  A.B.  1870 Brookline. 

Winthrop,  Egerton  Leigh,  A.B.  1885 New  York,  N.Y. 

Winthrop,  John,  A.B.  1863 Stockbridge. 

Winthrop,  Robert  Charles,  A.B.  1828 Boston. 


REGISTRATION.  379 

Wister,  Owen,  A.B.  1882 Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Wiswell,  Charles  Henry,  A.B.  1877 Cambridge. 

Withington,  Charles  Francis,  A.B.  1874  ....     RoxburyT 

Withington,  David  Little,  A.B.  1874 Newburyport. 

Wolcott,  Roger,  A.B.  1870 Boston. 

Wolff,  John  Eliot,  A.B.  1879 Cambridge. 

Wood,  Alexander  Morris,  M.D.  1863 Somerville. 

Wood,  Edward  Stickney,  A.B.  1867 Cambridge. 

Wood,  Frederic,  LL.B.  1859 Morristown,  N.J. 

Wood,  Horatio,  Jr.,  A.B.  1857 Lowell. 

Wood,  Stephen  Blake,  A.B.  1879 Arlington. 

Wood,  Stuart,  Ph.D.  1875 Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Woodard,  Charles  Fuller,  A.B.  1870 Bangor,  Me. 

Woodberry,  George  Edward,  A.B.  1877   ....     Beverly. 

Woodbury,  Arthur  Henry,  A.B.  1883 Beverly. 

Woodbury,  Frederick  Clinton,  A.B.  1882     .     .     .     Boston. 

Woodbury,  George  Whittemore,  A.B.  1886.     .     .     Gloucester. 

Woodbury,  Gordon,  A.B.  1886 New  York,  N.Y. 

Woodbury,  John,  A.B.  1880 Lynn. 

Woodbury,  Ludovicus  Augustus,  M.D.  1872      .     .     Groveland. 

Woodman,  Edward,  A.B.  1877 Portland,  Me. 

Woodman,  George  Sullivan,  M.D.  1819   ....     Newtonville. 

Woodman,  Walter,  A.B.  1875 Portland,  Me. 

Woodruff,  Thomas  Tyson,  LL.B.  1884     ....     Boston. 

Woods,  Edward  Franklin,  A.B.  1885 Somerville. 

Woodward,  Samuel  Bayard,  A.B.  1874    ....     Worcester. 
Woodworth,  Herbert  Grafton,  A.B.  1882      .     .     .     Longwood. 

Worcester,  Alfred,  A.B.  1878 Waltham. 

Worcester,  Joseph  Ruggles,  A.B.  1882     ....     Waltham. 

Worthen,  William  Ezra,  A.B.  1838 New  York,  N.Y. 

Wright,  Edward  Clarence,  A.B.  1886 Cambridge. 

Wright,  James  Anderson,  Jr.,  A.B.  1879      .     .     .     New  York,  N.Y. 

Wright,  James  Edward,  A.B.  1861 Montpelier,  Vt. 

Wright,  John  Allen  Collier,  A.B.  1881    ....    Rochester,  N.Y. 

Wright,  Merle  St.  Croix,  A.B.  1881 Boston. 

Wyeth,  Nathaniel  Jarvis,  A.B.  1850    .       New  Dorp,  Staten  Island,  N.Y. 
Wyman,  Alphonso  Adelbert,  A.B.  1883    ....     West  Acton. 

Wyman,  Gerald,  A.B.  1869 Boston. 

Wyman,  John  Palmer,  Jr.,  A.B.  1874      ....     Cambridgeport. 

Wyman,  Louis  Augustus,  A.B.  1872 Lynn. 

Wyman,  Merrill,  A.B.  1833 Cambridge. 

Wyman,  Samuel  Edwin,  A.B.  1874 Cambridge. 

YOCOM,  James  Reed,  A.B.  1885  .     .     .      Richmond,  Staten  Island,  N.Y. 

Young,  Alexander,  LL.B.  1862 Boston. 

Young,  Edward  James,  A.B.  1848 Cambridge. 

Young,  Ernest,  A.B.  1873 Cambridge. 

Young,  Samuel  Lane,  M.D.  1852 Cambridgeport. 


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